Monaco, the full name of the Principality of Monaco, is located in southwestern Europe, surrounded by French territory on three sides, and facing the Mediterranean Sea in the south. It is about 3 kilometers long from east to west, only 200 meters at the narrowest point from north to south, and covers an area of ​​1.95 square kilometers. The territory is mountainous and the highest point is 573 meters above sea level. It has a Mediterranean subtropical climate. The population is 34,000 (July 2000), of which 58% are French, 17% are Italians, 19% are Monegasques, and 6% are other ethnic groups. The official language is French, and Italian and English are commonly used. 96% of people believe in Roman Catholicism.

The early Phoenicians built castles here. In the Middle Ages it became a town under the protection of the Republic of Genoa. Since 1297, it has been ruled by the Grimaldi family. It became an independent duchy in 1338. In 1525, it was protected by Spain. On September 14, 1641, Monaco signed a treaty with France to drive out the Spanish. In 1793, Morocco merged with France and formed an alliance with France. In 1860 it was again under French protection. In 1861, the two major cities of Mantona and Roquebrune separated from Monaco, reducing their territorial area from 20 square kilometers to the current area. The constitution was promulgated in 1911 and became a constitutional monarchy. The treaty signed with France in 1919 stipulated that Monaco would be incorporated into France once the head of state dies without male descendants.

Monaco: Monaco-Ville, the capital of the Principality of Monaco. The entire city is built on a cliff that extends from the Alps into the Mediterranean. "Capital". Monaco has a Mediterranean climate, with an average temperature of 10°C in January, 24°C in August, and an average annual temperature of 16°C. It is like spring all year round, and it is comfortable and pleasant.

The oldest building in the city is the ancient castle. The ancient cannons are erected on the battlements. Each corner of the castle is equipped with observation decks. The current palace was expanded on the basis of the ancient castle. The palace was built in the 13th century and has a history of several hundred years. It is surrounded by tall stone walls with castellations and many black shooting holes. There are a large number of ancient famous paintings in the palace, as well as historical documents from the 13th century and currency from the 16th century. The palace library has a collection of 120,000 books. The Princess Carolina Library in the library is famous for its collection of children's literature. The Plaza de Plesidi in front of the Royal Palace is the largest square in Monaco. Rows of cannons and shells are displayed on the square. There are many palm trees and tall cacti as well as strange flowers and plants in the palace garden. There are many stone paths in the garden, with winding paths leading to secluded paths. If you walk down the small stone steps, you can find some colorful terraces.

The government palace, court building, and city hall of Monaco are all built along the coast. Other public buildings include the Byzantine cathedral built in the 19th century, as well as the maritime museum, library, and prehistoric museum. There are two narrow streets in the city, namely Saint Martin Street and Portnet Street, and it usually takes only half an hour to walk around the city. Other roads are slope-shaped highlands or winding narrow stone steps, retaining the characteristics of medieval streets.

To the north of Monaco is the city of Monte Carlo, where the world-famous Monte Carlo Casino is located. The scenery there is very beautiful, with luxurious opera houses, bright beaches, comfortable hot spring baths, gorgeous swimming pools, sports venues and other recreational facilities. Between Monaco and Monte Carlo is the harbour of Condamine, where the central market is located. The city of Monaco often issues exquisite stamps and sells them all over the world. Tourism, stamps, and gambling are the main sources of revenue for the Principality of Monaco.

Monaco is also a city that has a strong connection with sports. There are many sports competitions held here every year. One of the stations of the world-famous F1 car is located in Monaco, and it is the only station with a track The city located in the city is known as "the most exciting city car".