[Iphrofayili yelizwe]

I-Uruguay, igama elipheleleyo leRiphabhlikhi yaseMpuma ye-Uruguay, igubungela indawo ye-177,000 yeekhilomitha. Ifumaneka kumazantsi mpuma oMzantsi Merika, kwibhanki esempuma yemilambo iUruguay kunye neLa Plata, imida iBrazil emantla, iArgentina ngasentshona, kunye noLwandlekazi lweAtlantic kumazantsi mpuma. Unxweme lumalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-660 ubude. Ummandla tyaba nge ukuphakama avareji yeemitha ezili-116. Umazantsi ithafa elingagungqiyo; kukho iintaba ezimbalwa ezisezantsi emantla nasempuma; umzantsi-ntshona uchumile; Umzantsi mpuma ngumhlaba oneengca ezininzi. Iintaba zeGrand Cuchilia zanda ukusuka emazantsi ukuya emantla mpuma ukuya kumda weBrazil, iimitha ezingama-450-600 ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle. Umlambo iUruguay ngumda womda phakathi kweUruguay neArgentina. Umlambo iNegro uvela kwithafa laseBrazil, uqukuqele embindini welizwe, kwaye ungene kuMlambo iUruguay, enobude obungaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-800. Idama laseNerog, elibekwe kuMlambo iNegro, lelinye lawona machibi makhulu emvelo eMzantsi Melika (anendawo emalunga neekhilomitha ezili-10 000 zeekhilomitha). Ngemozulu epholileyo, iUruguay yaziwa njenge "lizwe leedayimane" ngenxa yesimo sayo esifana negem kunye neamethiste etyebileyo. Ihlobo lisukela kuJanuwari ukuya kuMatshi, ngamaqondo obushushu aqala kwi-17 kuye kwi-28 ° C, kwaye ukusuka ngoJulayi ukuya kuSeptemba, kubushushu obususela kwi-6 kuye kwi-14 ° C. Imvula yonyaka inyuka ukusuka kwi-950 mm ukuya kwi-1,250 mm ukusuka emazantsi ukuya emantla.

I-Uruguay yahlulwe yangamaphondo ali-19.

Kwiintsuku zokuqala kwi-mpuma ye-Uruguay River, amaNdiya aseCharuya ahlala. Kwafunyanwa ngohambo lwaseSpain ekuqaleni kowe-1516. Emva kowe-1680, kuye kwaba yinto yokhuphiswano phakathi kwabakholoniyali baseSpain nabasePortugal. Ngomnyaka we-1726, iikholoni zaseSpain zaseka iMontevideo, kwaye iUruguay yaba yithanga laseSpain. Ngo-1776, iSpain yahlanganisa lo mmandla waya kwiRhuluneli Jikelele yaseLa Plata. Ngo-1811, iqhawe lesizwe uJose Artigas wakhokela abantu kwimfazwe yenkululeko, kwaye ngo-1815 wayelawula yonke loo mmandla. IPortugal yahlasela kwakhona ngo-1816 yaza yadibanisa iUkraine neBrazil ngoJulayi 1821. NgoAgasti 25, 1825, iqela labantu abathanda ilizwe labo, kuquka uJuan Antonio Lavalleja, waphinda wasifumana isixeko saseMontevideo, wabhengeza inkululeko yeUruguay, waza wamisela u-Agasti 25 njengoSuku lweLizwe. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20, uqoqosho lwase-Uzbekistan lwaluzinzile kwaye noluntu lwalunoxolo.

Iflegi yesizwe: Yixande kunye nomyinge wobude kububanzi be-3: 2. Yenziwe ngamacwecwe amhlophe amahlanu ububanzi ububanzi obulinganayo kunye namabhanti amane abanzi aluhlaza axhumene ngokuchanekileyo.Ikona ephezulu yasekhohlo kumphezulu weflegi sisikwere esimhlophe esine "Meyi yelanga" ngaphakathi. IUruguay yayiqhele ukwenza ilizwe neArgentina kwimbali, ke iiflegi zala mazwe mabini zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omhlophe kunye "nelanga likaMeyi"; imivalo esithoba ebanzi imele imimandla yezopolitiko esithoba eyakha iRiphabliki ngelo xesha; Ifuzisela inkululeko yelizwe.

I-Uruguay inabemi abazizigidi ezingama-3.38 (2002), abangaphezu kwama-90% abamhlophe kwaye i-8% ziziduko ezixubeneyo zase-Indo-European. Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni sisiSpanish. Ngama-56% abahlali abakholelwa kubuKatolika.

I-Uruguay ityebile ngemabhile, iamethiste, iagate, i-opalite njalo njalo. Iidipozithi eziqinisekisiweyo ezinjengeentsimbi kunye nemanganizi. Imithombo yamahlathi nokuloba ityebile, kwaye i-croaker etyheli, iskwidi kunye ne-cod zininzi. I-Uruguay lilizwe lemveli lokulima. Umzi-mveliso awuphuhlanga kwaye olona shishino lusetyenziswayo lolimo kunye nemveliso yezilwanyana. Uqoqosho luxhomekeke ekuthumeleni kumazwe angaphandle, kwaye ezona mveliso ziphambili zithunyelwa ngaphandle yinyama, uboya, iimveliso zasemanzini, ulusu kunye nerayisi. Ukusukela ngo-1990, i-Uzbekistan iphumeze umgaqo-nkqubo woqoqosho olukhululekileyo.Ngelixa ikhuthaza amashishini emveli, ihoye kakhulu uphuhliso lwamashishini angaqhelekanga kwaye yathatha inxaxheba kwindibaniselwano yoqoqosho lwengingqi. Ukuchaphazeleka kukuvuselelwa kwezoqoqosho eArgentina naseBrazil, uqoqosho lwaseUzbek lwabuya ngo-2003 lwaza lwakhula ngo-2004. Icandelo lezokhenketho liphuhlisiwe noko. Abakhenkethi bamanye amazwe ikakhulu bavela kumazwe aselumelwaneni afana neArgentina, iBrazil, iParaguay kunye neChile. IPunta del Este neMontevideo, ikomkhulu, zezona ndawo ziphambili zabakhenkethi.

[Iidolophu eziphambili]

IMontevideo: IMontevideo likomkhulu le-Mpuma yeRiphabhlikhi yase-Uruguay, ebekwe kumazantsi omlambo iLa Plata, kumda weSouth Atlantic Ibandakanya indawo yeekhilomitha ezingama-530 kwaye inabemi abazizigidi eziyi-1.38 (ngoJuni 2000), esisisiqingatha sabemi belizwe. Liziko lezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ezothutho kunye nezenkcubeko e-Uruguay, elona zibuko likhulu e-Uruguay, kunye nesango laselwandle lase-Uruguay.

Nangona isixeko sikwindawo enesimo esiphakathi se-35 degrees emazantsi, umahluko wobushushu unyaka wonke awukho mkhulu, imozulu intle, imithi neentyatyambo zikho kuyo yonke indawo, kwaye nomoya uhlaziyekile. Kukho iipaki ezixineneyo zasedolophini, kwaye iindawo zokuhlala ezinokuthula zakhiwe kufutshane neelwandle ezinkulu ezininzi ezifanelekileyo ukudada. Izakhiwo zeofisi kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala ubukhulu becala zizimbo zokwakha zaseYurophu. Iqondo lobushushu lonyaka li-16 ℃, iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi ngoJanuwari ngama-23 ℃, kwaye iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi ngoJulayi li-10 10. Inkungu ukusuka ngoMeyi ukuya ku-Okthobha minyaka le. Umyinge wemvula waminyaka le umalunga ne-1000 mm.

Intsingiselo yentsusa ye "Montevideo" ngu "Ndibona iintaba" ngesiPhuthukezi. IMONTE "intaba", kwaye IVIDIYO "ndiyibonile". Ngokwentsomi, xa uhambo lwamaPhuthukezi lwafika apha okokuqala ngenkulungwane ye-17, umatiloshe wafumana induli nje kwiimitha ezili-139 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle kumntla-ntshona wesixeko esidala wathi: "Ndiyayibona intaba." Yiyo le nto isixeko saseMongolia safumana igama laso. Kodwa le ngxelo ayamkelwa zizifundiswa. IMontevideo yaqala njengomxube weenqaba zomkhosi kunye namazibuko, nesiko elide lokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe. Isixeko saseMontjuic sakhiwa phakathi kowe-1726 nowe-1730, xa iSpanish Bruno Mauricio de Zabala yaseka inqaba yomkhosi yaza yahlalisa imizi eli-13 ngomhla weKrisimesi ngo-1726. IMontevideo ayisiyiyo yezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, urhwebo, iziko lezemali nezenkcubeko kuphela eUzbekistan, kodwa ikwayenye yeedolophu eziphambili zamazibuko ezinembali ende kwikona esemazantsi eLatin America. Ukuhamba kukaMontevideo kubandakanya uloliwe, indlela kunye nokuhamba komoya kwilizwe lonke, naseArgentina naseBrazil. Isixeko sikwagxininisa iikota ezintathu zamashishini elizwe, kunye nefriji yenyama kunye nokusebenza kwelona nqanaba likhulu, kunye namalaphu, umgubo, ukunyibilikiswa kwepetroleum, amachiza kunye nolusu. Izibuko laseMontevideo linebhalkoni edume umhlaba wonke enengcinga eyahlukileyo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Balcony Kingdom". Izibuko limalunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukusuka kwesona sikhululo seenqwelomoya esikhulu kwilizwe lonke, kwaye kukho iinqwelomoya eziya rhoqo kuzo zonke iindawo zehlabathi. Izibuko laseMontevideo lelinye lawona mazibuko aphambili eMzantsi Merika.