Koreya y'Epfo iherereye mu gice cy’amajyepfo y’amajyaruguru y’amajyaruguru ya Koreya y’Amajyaruguru y’umugabane wa Aziya. Izengurutswe n’inyanja ku mpande eshatu mu burasirazuba, mu majyepfo no mu burengerazuba, ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 99,600. Inkombe y’inyanja ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 17,000. Ubutaka buri hejuru mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko no hasi mu bumanuko bushira uburengero. Agace k'imisozi gafite hafi 70%. Ifite ikirere giciriritse kandi ubushyuhe buringaniye mu gihe cy'itumba buri munsi ya zeru. Koreya y'Epfo ifite ubukungu bukomeye.Icyuma, imodoka, kubaka ubwato, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n'imyenda byahindutse inganda z’inkingi za Koreya y'Epfo. Muri byo, kubaka ubwato no gukora amamodoka azwi cyane ku isi.

Overview

Koreya y'Epfo, izina ryuzuye rya Repubulika ya Koreya, iherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'umugabane wa Aziya, mu majyepfo y’igice cya Koreya, inyanja y'Ubuyapani mu burasirazuba n'Ubushinwa mu burengerazuba Intara ya Shandong ireba hakurya y'inyanja, kandi Amajyaruguru yegeranye na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Koreya ku rubibi rwa gisirikare. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 99,600, inkombe y’igice cy’inyanja ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 17,000 (harimo n’inyanja). Koreya y'Epfo ifite imisozi n'ibibaya byinshi, hafi 70% muri byo ni imisozi, kandi ubutaka buri munsi y’amajyaruguru y’igice. Imisozi ahanini iherereye mu majyepfo no mu burengerazuba. Imisozi yo mu burengerazuba no mu majyepfo ni iyoroheje, imisozi yo mu burasirazuba irahanamye, kandi hari ibibaya binini ku nkombe z'inzuzi ku nkombe y'iburengerazuba. Koreya y'Epfo ifite ikirere giciriritse cy’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya, aho 70% by'imvura iba buri mwaka kuva muri Kamena kugeza muri Nzeri. Impuzandengo yimvura yumwaka igera kuri mm 1500, kandi imvura igabanuka buhoro buhoro kuva mumajyepfo ugana mumajyaruguru. Irashobora kwibasirwa n'inkubi y'umuyaga muri Werurwe, Mata no mu mpeshyi.

Koreya yepfo ifite umujyi 1 wihariye: Seoul (ubusobanuro bwa kera "Seoul") umujyi udasanzwe; intara 9: Intara ya Gyeonggi, Intara ya Gangwon, Intara ya Chungcheongbuk, Chungcheong Namdo, Jeollabukdo, Jeollanamdo, Gyeongsangbukdo, Gyeongsangnamdo, Jejudo; imigi 6 yumujyi: Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju, Daejeon, Ulsan.

Nyuma yikinyejana cya mbere nyuma ya Yesu, ubwami butatu bwa kera bwa Goguryeo, Baekje na Silla bwashinzwe ku kirwa cya Koreya. Hagati mu kinyejana cya karindwi, Silla yategekaga umujyi. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 10, Goryeo yasimbuye Silla. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 14, ingoma ya Lee yasimbuye Goryeo maze igena igihugu nka Koreya ya Ruguru. Yabaye ubukoloni bw'Abayapani muri Kanama 1910. Yabohowe ku ya 15 Kanama 1945. Muri icyo gihe, ingabo z'Abasoviyeti n'Abanyamerika zari mu gice cyo mu majyaruguru n'igice cyo mu majyepfo ku gice cya 38 kibangikanye n'amajyaruguru. Ku ya 15 Kanama 1948, Repubulika ya Koreya yaramenyekanye maze Lee Seungman atorerwa kuba perezida wa mbere. Koreya y'Epfo yinjiye mu Muryango w'Abibumbye na Koreya ya Ruguru ku ya 17 Nzeri 1991.

Ibendera ry'igihugu: Ibendera rya Tai Chi, ryashushanijwe bwa mbere mu bwato n'intumwa Park Young Hyo na Jin Yu bombi boherejwe mu Buyapani muri Kanama 1882. Yashushanijwe mu 1883. Umwami w'abami Gojong yemeye ku mugaragaro nk'ibendera ry'igihugu cy'ingoma ya Joseon. Ku ya 25 Werurwe 1949, komite nyunguranabitekerezo ya Minisiteri y’umuco n’uburezi muri Koreya yatanze ibisobanuro bisobanutse neza igihe yemeje ko ari ibendera ry’igihugu cya Repubulika ya Koreya: igipimo gitambitse kandi gihagaritse ibendera rya Tai Chi ni 3: 2, ubutaka bwera bugereranya ubutaka, ibikoresho bibiri bya Tai Chi hagati, hamwe n’ibishushanyo bine byirabura ku mpande enye. Uruziga rwa Tai Chi rugereranya abantu, kandi uruziga rugoramye hejuru no munsi yishusho y amafi, hamwe numutuku hejuru hejuru nubururu hepfo, ugereranya yang na yin, bigereranya isanzure. Mu bishushanyo bine, igiti mu mfuruka yo hejuru y’ibumoso ni imirongo itatu yang igereranya ijuru, isoko, iburasirazuba, na bene; kun mu mfuruka yo hepfo iburyo ni imirongo itandatu yin igereranya ubutaka, icyi, iburengerazuba, no gukiranuka; umusozi uri mu mfuruka yo hejuru iburyo ni imirongo ine yin n'umurongo umwe wa yang. Yerekana amazi, umuhindo, amajyepfo, n'umuhango; "li" mugice cyo hepfo cyibumoso bisobanura ko imirongo ibiri yang n'imirongo ibiri yin igereranya umuriro, imbeho, amajyaruguru, n'ubwenge. Imiterere rusange isobanura ko ibintu byose bigenda byimbere, biringaniye kandi bihujwe murwego rutagira umupaka, bishushanya ibitekerezo byiburasirazuba, filozofiya n'amayobera.

Koreya yepfo ituwe na miliyoni 47.254. Igihugu cyose ni ubwoko bumwe kandi ururimi rwa koreya ruvugwa. Idini ahanini ni Budisime n'Ubukirisitu.

Kuva mu myaka ya za 1960, guverinoma ya Koreya yashyize mu bikorwa neza politiki y’ubukungu ishingiye ku iterambere. Nyuma ya za 1970, yatangiye ku mugaragaro inzira y’iterambere ry’ubukungu, irema Icyamamare ku isi "Han River Miracle". Mu myaka ya za 1980, Koreya yari yarahinduye isura y'ubukene no gusubira inyuma, yerekana iterambere n'iterambere, maze iba igihugu gihanganye ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Uyu munsi, Koreya y'Epfo ifite ubukungu bukomeye.Mu 2006, GDP yayo yageze kuri miliyari 768.458 z'amadolari y'Amerika, ni ukuvuga 15.731 by'amadolari y'Amerika ku muntu.

Ibyuma, ibinyabiziga, kubaka ubwato, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n’imyenda ni inganda zinkingi za Koreya yepfo, kandi inganda nko kubaka ubwato no gukora imodoka zizwi cyane ku isi. Pohang Iron and Steel Plant ni uruganda rwa kabiri runini rukora ibyuma ku isi. Mu 2002, yakoze imodoka miliyoni 3.2, iza ku mwanya wa 6 ku isi. Amato yo kubaka amato asanzwe atwara imizigo hamwe na toni miliyoni 7.59 toni yabaye iyambere kwisi. Inganda za elegitoroniki zo muri Koreya yepfo zateye imbere byihuse kandi ni imwe mu nganda icumi za mbere za elegitoroniki ku isi. Mu myaka yashize, Koreya yepfo yahaye agaciro gakomeye inganda za IT kandi ikomeza kongera ishoramari ryayo, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ikoranabuhanga rya IT ndetse n’ibicuruzwa biva mu myanya ya mbere ku isi. Koreya y'Epfo yari igihugu cy’ubuhinzi gakondo. Hamwe niterambere ryinganda, umubare wubuhinzi mubukungu bwa koreya uragenda uba muto, kandi uko urwego rugenda rugabanuka. Koreya y'Epfo n’ibicuruzwa byinshi biva mu buhinzi, kandi ibitumizwa mu mahanga bikunda kwiyongera. Koreya y'Epfo ibuze umutungo kamere kandi yishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa biva mu nganda zikomeye.

Koreya yepfo nigihugu gifite amateka maremare n'umuco mwiza. Buriwese ufite ibiranga. Ubuhanzi bwa koreya bukubiyemo ahanini gushushanya, kwandika, kwandika, gucapa, ubukorikori, imitako, nibindi, bitarazwe imigenzo yigihugu gusa, ahubwo binakubiyemo ubuhanga bwubuhanzi bwamahanga. Igishushanyo cyo muri Koreya kigabanyijemo ibishushanyo byo mu burasirazuba n’ibishushanyo byo mu Burengerazuba.Ibishushanyo byo mu Burasirazuba bisa n’ibishushanyo gakondo by’Abashinwa, ukoresheje ikaramu, wino, impapuro, na wino mu kwerekana ingingo zitandukanye. Hariho kandi amashusho atandukanye yubwoko bwiza. Kimwe n'Ubushinwa n'Ubuyapani, imyandikire ni ibihangano byiza muri Koreya. Abanyakoreya bazwiho gukunda umuziki n'imbyino. Umuziki ugezweho wa koreya urashobora kugabanywamo "umuziki wamoko" na "umuziki wiburengerazuba". Umuziki wa rubanda urashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri, "umuziki wa gaga" na "umuziki wa rubanda". Umuziki wa Gaga numuziki ucurangwa nitsinda ryumwuga mugihe cyimihango itandukanye nkimihango yibitambo nibirori byabereye murukiko rwingoma ya feodal ya Koreya. Bikunze kwitwa "umuziki wa zheng" cyangwa "umuziki wurukiko". Umuziki wa rubanda urimo indirimbo zitandukanye, indirimbo za rubanda, numuziki wo murima. Ibikoresho bya muzika bikoreshwa cyane Xuanqin, Gayaqin, ingoma yinkoni, umwironge, nibindi. Kimwe mu biranga imiziki yabanyakoreya ni imbyino. Imbyino zo muri koreya ziha agaciro gakomeye injyana yigitugu nintoki. Tao ifite abafana, corollas, n'ingoma. Imbyino za koreya kubyina imbyino n'imbyino zurukiko, zifite amabara. Ikinamico y'Abanyakoreya yakomotse ku mihango y'idini mu bihe byabanjirije amateka, kandi ikubiyemo ibyiciro bitanu: masike, ibitaramo by'ibipupe, ubuhanzi bwa rubanda, opera yo kuririmba, n'ikinamico. Muri byo, mask, izwi kandi ku izina rya "Imbyino ya Mask", ni ikimenyetso cy'umuco wa koreya kandi ifite umwanya ukomeye cyane mu ikinamico gakondo ya koreya.

Abanyakoreya bakunda siporo cyane, cyane cyane nko kwitabira imikino yabantu. Imikino nyamukuru yabantu irimo swingi, sawaw, kite iguruka, nimana yo gukandagira. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa siporo yabaturage muri Koreya yepfo, harimo Go, chess, chess, kurwana, taekwondo, skiing, nibindi. Ibiryo bya koreya birangwa numuco wa kimchi, kandi kimchi ningirakamaro kumafunguro atatu kumunsi. Ibyokurya gakondo bya koreya nka barbecue, kimchi, hamwe na noode ikonje byahindutse ibiryo bizwi kwisi.

Koreya yepfo ifite ibyiza nyaburanga hamwe n’umurage ndangamuco n'amateka. Inganda zubukerarugendo zateye imbere. Ubukerarugendo bukurura ba mukerarugendo ni Seoul Gyeongbokgung, Ingoro ya Deoksugung, Ingoro ya Changgyeong, Ingoro ya Changdeok, Ingoro Ndangamurage, Ikigo cy’igihugu cya Gugak, Inzu ndangamuco ya Sejong, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Hoam, umunara wa Namsan, Inzu Ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi bugezweho, Ikirwa cya Ganghwa, Folklore Umudugudu, Panmunjom, Gyeongju, Ikirwa cya Jeju, Umusozi wa Seorak, n'ibindi.

Gyongbokkung (Gyongbokkung): Iherereye mu karere ka Jongno ka Seoul, umurwa mukuru wa Koreya y'Epfo, ni ingoro izwi cyane. Ni yo sekuruza wa mbere w'ingoma ya Li, Li Chenggui, mu 1394. Yubatswe muri "Igitabo cy'indirimbo" gishinwa cya kera cyigeze kugira umurongo wa "Umugwaneza imyaka ibihumbi icumi, Jieer Jingfu", kandi uru rusengero rwakuye izina. Inzu nkuru yubusitani bwibwami ni Inzu ya Geumjeongjeon, iyi ikaba ari inyubako nkuru y’ingoro ya Gyeongbokgung, aho abami bose b’ingoma ya Li bakemuye ibibazo bya leta. Mubyongeyeho, hari Inzu ya Sizheng, Inzu ya Qianqing, Inzu ya Kangning, Inzu ya Jiaotai nibindi. Igice cy’amajyaruguru y’ibwami cyashenywe n’umuriro mu 1553, kandi inyubako nyinshi z’ibwami zarasenyutse mu gihe Abayapani bateraga. Mu gihe cyo kwiyubaka mu 1865, ingoro 10 gusa ni zo zagumye kuba ntamakemwa.

umunara wa Kwanghanrn (Kwanghanrn): uherereye muri Namwon-gun, Jeollabuk-do Chuanqu ni ahantu hazwi cyane mu mateka muri Koreya. Umugani uvuga ko yubatswe na Huang Xi, minisitiri w’intebe w’ingoma ya mbere ya Li, kandi mbere yiswe inyubako ya Guangtong. Yahinduwe izina ryayo gusa nyuma yo kwiyubaka mu 1434 (umwaka wa 16 wumwami Sejong wingoma ya Li). Koreya ya Ruguru yatwitse mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Imjin. Mu 1635 nyuma ya Yesu (umwaka wa 13 wa Renzong wo ku ngoma ya Li), yongeye kubakwa uko yari imeze. Ibiti bibajwe hamwe n’inyubako zisize irangi hamwe n’inyubako ya Guanghan ifite ishusho nziza ni uguhagararira mu gikari cya Koreya, harimo ibirwa bitatu bito, ibishusho by’amabuye, n’ikiraro cya magpie. Imiterere rusange yacyo ishushanya isanzure.

Ikirwa cya Jeju (Chejudao): Ikirwa kinini cya Koreya y'Epfo, kizwi kandi ku kirwa cya Tamra, ikirwa cya Honeymoon, n'ikirwa cya Romantic, giherereye mu majyepfo y’igice cya Koreya. Hirya no hino mu gace ka Jeju no mu majyaruguru, ni kilometero zirenga 90 uvuye ku nkombe y'amajyepfo ya Koreya y'Epfo mu majyaruguru.Ni irembo ryerekeza ku kirwa cya Koreya kandi aho uherereye ni ngombwa cyane. Ikirwa cya Jeju gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1826, harimo ikirwa cya Udo, ikirwa cya Wodo, ikirwa cya kivandimwe, ikirwa cya Jegwi, ikirwa cya Mosquito, ikirwa cya Tiger ndetse n'ibindi birwa 34. Ni kilometero 100 mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Jeollanam-do kandi ni ahantu heza h'ubukerarugendo no kuroba. Hano urashobora kubona ahantu nyaburanga hamwe n’ahantu nyaburanga.Umusozi muremure muri Koreya, Umusozi wa Halla, kuri metero 1.950 hejuru yinyanja, uhagaze kuri icyo kirwa. Urashobora kandi kujya gutembera, kugendera ku mafarasi, gutwara, guhiga, kwiruka no gukina golf. Ituwe cyane kandi ubutaka ni bunini.Ni amashyamba yo mu misozi cyangwa akazu k'imirima. Imirima ihinga cyane umuceri, imboga n'imbuto.Ibitangaje cyane ni indabyo zo gufata ku ngufu. Mu mpeshyi, igihugu ni zahabu kandi ni cyiza cyane.

Imijyi minini

Seoul: Seoul, umurwa mukuru wa Koreya y'Epfo (Seoul, yahoze yitwa "Seoul") Nicyo kigo cya politiki ya Koreya yepfo, ubukungu, umuco, nuburezi, hamwe nubutaka bwigihugu, inyanja, hamwe n’ikigo cy’ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere. Umugezi wa Han uherereye hagati y’igice cya Koreya no mu kibaya, unyura mu mujyi, nko mu birometero 30 uvuye ku nkombe y’iburengerazuba bw’igice cy’iburengerazuba, nko mu birometero 185 uvuye ku nkombe y’iburasirazuba, na kilometero 260 uvuye Pyongyang ugana mu majyaruguru. Ahantu harehare kuva mu majyaruguru kugera mu majyepfo ni kilometero 30.3, naho umwanya muremure uva iburasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba ni kilometero 36,78, hamwe n'ubuso bwa kilometero kare 605.5 n'abaturage miliyoni 9.796 (2005).

Seoul ifite amateka maremare. Mubihe bya kera, yitwaga "Hanyang" kuko yari iherereye mumajyaruguru yuruzi rwa Han. Ingoma ya Joseon imaze gushinga umurwa mukuru wa Hanyang mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 14, yiswe "Seoul". Mu gice cya none cya Koreya ku butegetsi bw'abakoloni b'Abayapani, Seoul yiswe "umurwa mukuru". Nyuma y’igice cya Koreya kimaze kugarurwa mu 1945, cyiswe ijambo ry’Abanyakoreya kavukire, cyanditswemo "SEOUL" mu nyuguti z’Abaroma, bisobanura "umurwa mukuru". Muri Mutarama 2005, "Seoul" yahinduwe ku mugaragaro "Seoul".

, Kugera ku bukungu. Byongeye kandi, Seoul iratera imbere cyane mu bukerarugendo bw’ubukerarugendo.Soul ihujwe n’Ubuyapani, Amajyepfo y’Amajyepfo ya Aziya, n’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’Amerika binyuze mu nzira z’indege.Abakerarugendo baturuka mu bihugu byose barashobora kugenda byoroshye hagati ya Seoul n’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Amerika. Muri iki gihugu, Seoul nayo ihujwe n’imijyi minini nka Busan na Incheon n'inzira nyabagendwa, kandi ubwikorezi buroroshye cyane. Umurongo wa Seoul-Incheon ninzira yambere igezweho muri Koreya. Umuhanda wa Seoul-Busan unyura mu bigo by’inganda nka Suwon, Cheonan, Daejeon, Gumi, Daegu, na Gyeongju, ibyo bikaba ari intambwe ikomeye mu bikorwa bya Koreya y'Epfo mu bikorwa byo kwagura no kuvugurura imiyoboro y’ubwikorezi. Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi wa Seoul ufite imirongo 5 naho uburebure bwa sisitemu ya gari ya moshi ni kilometero 125.7, biza ku mwanya wa 7 ku isi.

Seoul kandi ni ikigo ndangamuco n’uburezi cya Koreya yepfo, gifite amashuri makuru na kaminuza 34 harimo kaminuza ya Seoul na kaminuza ya Koreya. Muri uyu mujyi hari ahantu henshi mu mateka, harimo Ingoro ya Gyeongbokgung, Ingoro ya Changdeokgung, Ingoro ya Changgyeonggung, Ingoro ya Deoksugung na Biwon (Ubusitani bwa Imperial). Munsi yigitutu cyinshi cyumujyi, ingoro za kera ninsengero, hamwe ninyubako zigezweho zigororotse mwijuru, byuzuzanya, byerekana amateka ya kera na kijyambere ya Seoul.

Busan: Busan numujyi wicyambu mumajyepfo yuburasirazuba bwa Koreya. Iherereye mu birometero 450 mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Seoul, mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Strait ya Koreya, ireba ikirwa cya Tsushima mu Buyapani, kandi kireba uruzi rwa Nakdong mu burengerazuba. Imisozi miremire mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba hamwe n'inzitizi y'ibirwa mu majyepfo, ni icyambu kizwi cyane cy'amazi maremare ndetse n'irembo ryo mu majyepfo ya Koreya. Ubuso bwa Busan ni kilometero kare 758.21, ugabanijwemo intara 1 n'uturere 15. Busan ifite inyanja nyinshi, amasoko ashyushye, nibindi, kandi ba mukerarugendo benshi baza hano kuruhuka hagati yumwaka.

Busan, ishobora kwitwa umurwa mukuru wa kabiri, ituwe kuva Paleolithique hashize imyaka 15.000 kandi ni umujyi ufite amateka maremare. Hano haribisigisigi by’umuco gusa nkurusengero rwa Beomeosa n’urusengero rw’Abahowe Imana, ariko kandi ni ahantu nyaburanga nko mu gihome cya Gimjeongsan.Niwo mujyi wa mbere w’icyambu muri Koreya yepfo ndetse ni umwe mu mijyi itanu y’ibyambu ku isi.Ni ahantu hakorerwa ubucuruzi bwo mu mahanga bukorera. Busan yari asanzwe ari umudugudu w'uburobyi, wafunguwe nk'icyambu mu 1441 ufungura nk'icyambu cy'ubucuruzi mu 1876. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, imirongo ya Gyeongbu na Gyeongui yateye imbere byihuse nyuma yo gufungura imodoka. Yagizwe umurwa mukuru w'Intara y'Amajyepfo ya Gyeongsang mu 1929. Inganda za Busan ziganjemo imyenda, ibiryo, imiti, kubaka ubwato, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n’inganda zubaka. Hano hari imirima myinshi, ubusitani bwimboga, ingurube n ubworozi bwinkoko mumujyi, kandi umuceri ni mwinshi hafi. Busan kandi ni ikibanza cy’uburobyi bwo ku nkombe, naho Westport ni icyambu cy’uburobyi kizwi. Hano hari ibyiza nyaburanga nka Dongnae Castle, amasoko ashyushye, na Haeundae.