Girka Bayani na Asali
| Lokaci na gida | Lokacinku |
|---|---|
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| Yankin lokaci na gari | Bambancin yankin lokaci |
| UTC/GMT +2 awa |
| latitude / longitude |
|---|
| 38°16'31"N / 23°48'37"E |
| iso tsara |
| GR / GRC |
| kudin |
| Yuro (EUR) |
| Harshe |
| Greek (official) 99% other (includes English and French) 1% |
| wutar lantarki |
 Rubuta c Turai 2-pin  F-type Shuko toshe |
| tutar ƙasa |
|---|
 |
| babban birni |
| Atina |
| jerin bankuna |
| Girka jerin bankuna |
| yawan jama'a |
| 11,000,000 |
| yanki |
| 131,940 KM2 |
| GDP (USD) |
| 243,300,000,000 |
| waya |
| 5,461,000 |
| Wayar salula |
| 13,354,000 |
| Adadin masu masaukin yanar gizo |
| 3,201,000 |
| Adadin masu amfani da Intanet |
| 4,971,000 |
Girka gabatarwa
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Girka tana da fadin yanki kusan kilomita murabba'i 132,000. Tana can a karshen karshen kudu na yankin Balkan, kewaye da ruwa ta bangarori uku, ta yi iyaka da tekun Ioniya a kudu maso yamma, Tekun Aegean a gabas, kuma tana fuskantar nahiyar Afirka a kudu da tekun Bahar Rum. Akwai tsibirai da tsibirai da yawa a cikin yankin.Ranar mafi girma daga tsibirin ita ce Peloponnese kuma tsibiri mafi girma shine Kirit. Yankin yana da tsaunuka, kuma Mount Olympus ana ɗaukarsa mazaunin alloli ne a cikin tatsuniyoyin Girka. A mita 2,917 a saman tekun, shi ne mafi girma a ƙasar. Girka tana da yanayin Yankin Bahar Rum mai dumi tare da damuna mai ɗumi da rani da rani mai zafi. Girka, cikakken sunan Jamhuriyar Hellenic, tana a ƙarshen ƙarshen kudu na yankin Balkan tare da yankin kilomita murabba'i 131,957. Ruwa ya kewaye shi ta ɓangarori uku, yana fuskantar Tekun Ionia a kudu maso yamma, Tekun Aegean a gabas, da kuma nahiyar Afirka a hayin Bahar Rum a kudu. Akwai yankuna da tsibirai da yawa a cikin yankin. Mafi girman yankin teku shine Peloponnese, kuma babban tsibiri shine Kiritta. Yankin yana da tsaunuka, kuma Mount Olympus ana ɗaukarsa mazaunin alloli ne a cikin tatsuniyoyin Girka. A mita 2,917 a saman tekun, shi ne mafi girma a ƙasar. Girka tana da yanayin Yankin Bahar Rum, da damuna mai ɗumi da rani da rani mai zafi da zafi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 6-13 ℃ a lokacin hunturu da 23-33 ℃ a lokacin rani. Matsakaicin yanayin shekara-shekara shine 400-1000 mm. An kasa kasar zuwa yankuna 13, jihohi 52 (gami da dutsen mai tsarki "Asus Theocracy", wanda ke da babban cin gashin kai a arewa), da kuma kananan hukumomi 359. Sunayen yankuna kamar haka: Thrace da gabashin Makidoniya, Makidoniya ta Tsakiya, Yammacin Makidoniya, Epirus, Thessaly, Tsibirin Ion, Yammacin Girka, Girka ta Tsakiya, Attica, Peloponnese, Tekun Aegean ta Arewa, Tekun Aegean ta Kudu, Krit. Girka ita ce asalin wayewar Turawa.Ya haifar da kyawawan al'adun gargajiya kuma ya sami nasarori masu yawa a cikin kiɗa, lissafi, falsafa, adabi, gine-gine, sassaka, da sauransu. Daga 2800 BC zuwa 1400 BC, al'adun Minoan da al'adun Mycenaean sun bayyana a jere a cikin Crete da Peloponnese. Daruruwan birni masu zaman kansu an kafa su a cikin 800 BC. Athens, Sparta da Thebes suna cikin manyan-biranen birni. Karni na 5 BC ya kasance mafi girman zamanin Girka. Daular Ottoman ce ke mulkan ta a cikin 1460. A ranar 25 ga Maris, 1821, Girka ta ɓarke da Yakin ofancin kai ga Turawan Turkiyya kuma ta ayyana independenceancin kai a lokaci guda. A ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1829, dukkan sojojin Turkiyya suka fice daga Girka. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, sojojin Jamus da na Italiya sun mamaye Girka. Wasasar ta sami 'yanci a 1944 kuma ta sami independenceancin kai. An sake saita sarki a 1946. Sojoji sun kaddamar da juyin mulki a watan Afrilun 1967 kuma suka kafa mulkin kama-karya na soja. A watan Yunin 1973, an cire sarki kuma aka kafa jamhuriya. Gwamnatin soja ta ruguje a watan Yulin 1974; an kafa gwamnatin ƙasa a matsayin jamhuriya. Tutar ƙasa: Yana da murabba'i mai kusurwa huɗu da faɗi 3: 2. Ya kunshi ratsi mai launin shuɗi da fari, ratsi huɗu huɗu da ratsi mai shuɗi biyar. Akwai murabba'in murabba'i a saman gefen tutar tare da farin gicciye a kanta. Manyan sanduna 9 masu fadi suna wakiltar taken Girka ne, “Ka bani yanci, ka bani mutuwa.” Wannan jumlar tana da siloli tara a yaren Girka. Shudi yana wakiltar shudi sama kuma fari yana wakiltar imanin addini. Girka tana da yawan mutane miliyan 11.075 (2005), wanda sama da kashi 98% Helenawa ne. Yaren hukuma shine Girkanci, kuma Cocin Orthodox shine addinin ƙasa. Girka na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe marasa ci gaba a Tarayyar Turai, kuma tushen tattalin arzikinta ba shi da ƙarfi. Yankin daji yana da kashi 20% na ƙasar. Ginin masana'antar ya fi sauran ƙasashen EU rauni, tare da koma-bayan kere kere da ƙananan sifofi.Manyan masana'antu sun haɗa da hakar ma'adanai, ƙarafa, yadi, ƙera jiragen ruwa, da kuma gine-gine. Girka ƙasa ce ta gargajiya mai noma, tare da ƙasar noma da ke da kashi 26.4% na ƙasar. Masana'antar sabis wani muhimmin bangare ne na tattalin arziki, kuma masana'antar yawon bude ido na daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun kudaden kasashen waje da kuma kiyaye daidaiton kudaden kasashen duniya. Abubuwan al'adun gargajiya masu kyau da kyawawan wurare masu ban sha'awa sun sa albarkatun yawon buɗe ido na Girka babu kamarsu. Akwai fiye da kilomita 15,000 na dogayen bakin teku da wahala, tare da tashoshin jiragen ruwa da keɓaɓɓun wurare. Fiye da tsibirai 3,000 an cika su da duwatsu, kamar lu'ulu'u masu haske waɗanda aka saka a kan shuɗin Aegean da Bahar Rum. Rana na haskakawa kuma tana da yalwa, yashi rairayin bakin teku mai laushi ne kuma raƙuman ruwa ya daidaita, yana jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Yankunan tarihi marasa adadi suna da kyakkyawan yanayin al'adu a Girka. Acropolis, Haikalin Rana a Delphi, tsohon filin wasa na Olympia, Labyrinth of Crete, Amphitheater na Epidavros, garin addini na Apollo a kan Delos, Kabarin Sarkin Makedoniya na Vergina, Dutsen Mai Tsarki, da dai sauransu. Mutane na dawwama. Yayin yawo, mutane zasu ji kamar suna cikin duniyar tatsuniyoyi da komawa zamanin homer. Babban aikin Olympic da aka gina don Wasannin Olympics na 2004 ya ba da albarkatu masu yawa don haɓaka yawon buɗe ido. Ci gaban mulkin birni ya haifar da kyawawan al'adun Girka, wanda ya sa tsohuwar al'adar Girka ta haskaka a cikin gidan al'adun duniya da fasaha. Ko a cikin kiɗa, lissafi, falsafa, adabi, ko gine-gine, sassaka, da sauransu, Helenawa sun sami nasarori masu yawa. Labarin Homer mai mutuwa, manyan al'adu da yawa, kamar marubucin barkwanci Aristophanes, marubucin masifa Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, masana falsafa Socrates, Plato, da lissafi Pythagoras Si, Euclid, mai sassaka Phidias, da dai sauransu. Athens: Athens, babban birnin Girka, tana a ƙarshen kudu na yankin Balkan Tsibiri yana kewaye da tsaunuka a ɓangarori uku da kuma teku a ɗaya gefen.Yana da nisan kilomita 8 kudu maso yamma na Aegean Faliron Bay. Garin Athens tsauni ne, kuma kogin Kifisos da Ilysos sun ratsa cikin garin. Athens ita ce birni mafi girma a Girka, tare da yanki mai girman hekta 900,000 da yawan jama'a miliyan 3.757 (2001). Athens tana da tasiri sosai ga al'adun Turai da na duniya, kuma an san ta da "shimfiɗar jariri na wayewar yamma" tun zamanin da. Athens wani gari ne na da wanda ake kira da Athena, allahiyar hikima. Labari ya nuna cewa a tsohuwar Girka, Athena, allahiyar hikima, da Poseidon, allahiyar teku, sun yi gwagwarmaya don matsayin mai kare Athens. Daga baya, babban allahn Zeus ya yanke shawara: Duk wanda zai iya bawa ɗan adam abu mai amfani, garin na wane ne. Poseidon ya ba wa ɗan adam doki mai ƙarfi wanda yake alamar yaƙi, kuma Athena, allahiya ta hikima, ta ba ɗan adam itacen zaitun mai rassa da fruita fruitan itace masu alaƙa. Mutane suna son zaman lafiya kuma ba sa son yaƙi Sakamakon haka, garin ya zama na allahiya Athena. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta zama waliyin Atina, kuma Athens ta sami sunanta. Daga baya, mutane sun dauki Atina a matsayin "birni mai son zaman lafiya". Athens mashahurin birni ne wanda ya shahara a duniya.Ya ƙirƙira tsofaffin al'adu cikin tarihi. Yawancin al'adun gargajiya masu yawa sun bazu har zuwa yau kuma suna cikin ɓangaren gidan adana al'adun duniya. Athens ta sami gagarumar nasara a fannin lissafi, falsafa, adabi, gine-gine, sassaka, da sauransu. Babban marubucin barkwanci Aristophanes, babban marubucin masifa Aischris, Sophocles da Euripides, masana tarihi Herodotus, Thucydides, masana falsafa Socrates, Plato, da Yari Stokes yana da bincike da ayyukan kirkira a Athens. Gidan Tarihin Tarihi da Tarihi na Girka a tsakiyar Athens wani muhimmin gini ne a Athens. Yawancin abubuwa masu yawa na al'adu, kayan marmari daban-daban, kyawawan kayan adon zinare da adadi na adadi daga shekara ta 4000 kafin haihuwar Yesu an nuna su a nan, suna nuna kyawawan al'adun kyawawan lokutan tarihi a Girka, wanda ana iya kiransa microcosm na tarihin Girka. |