IGrisi, igama eligcwele le-Hellenic Republic, lisendaweni eseningizimu kakhulu yeNhlonhlo yaseBalkan enendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-131,957. Izungezwe ngamanzi ezinhlangothini ezintathu, ibheke uLwandle i-Ionian ngasentshonalanga esentshonalanga, i-Aegean Sea empumalanga, nezwekazi lase-Afrika ngaphesheya koLwandle iMedithera eningizimu. Kule ndawo kunezinhlonhlo eziningi neziqhingi. Inhlonhlo enkulu kunazo zonke iPeloponnese, kanti isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke iCrete. Le ndawo iyizintaba, kanti iNtaba i-Olympus ibhekwa njengendawo yokuhlala onkulunkulu ezinganekwaneni zamaGrikhi.Kungamamitha ayi-2 917 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, iyisiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke ezweni. IGrisi inesimo sezulu saseMedithera esishisayo, esinobusika obufudumele nobuswakeme kanye nehlobo elomile nelishisayo. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lingu-6-13 ℃ ebusika kanye no-23-33 ℃ ehlobo. Imvula emaphakathi yonyaka ingu-400-1000 mm.

Izwe lihlukaniswe izifunda eziyi-13, izifundazwe ezingama-52 (kufaka phakathi intaba engcwele "i-Asus Theocracy", ethokozela ukuzimela okukhulu enyakatho), kanye nomasipala abangama-359. Amagama ezifunda ami kanjena: IThrace neMpumalanga yeMakedoniya, iCentral Macedonia, iWestern Macedonia, i-Epirus, iThesaly, iIonia Islands, iWestern Greece, iCentral Greece, i-Attica, iPeloponnese, INorth Aegean Sea, uLwandle i-South Aegean, iCrete.

IGrisi yindawo yokuzalwa yempucuko yase-Europe. Isungule isiko elihle lasendulo futhi yenza impumelelo enkulu kwezomculo, izibalo, ifilosofi, izincwadi, ezokwakha, ukubaza, njll. Kusukela ngo-2800 BC kuya ku-1400 BC, isiko lamaMinoan namasiko aseMycenaean kwavela eKrethe nasePeloponnese. Amakhulu amadolobha azimele abunjwa ngo-800 BC. I-Athene, iSparta neThebes ziphakathi kwamazwe asethuthuke kakhulu. Ikhulu lesi-5 BC laliyigugu eGrisi. Ibuswa ngumbuso wase-Ottoman ngo-1460. NgoMashi 25, 1821, iGrisi yaqala impi yokuzibusa ngokumelene nabahlaseli baseTurkey futhi yamemezela ukuzimela ngasikhathi sinye. NgoSepthemba 24, 1829, wonke amasosha aseTurkey ahoxa eGrisi. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili, iGreece yayiphethwe ngamasosha aseJalimane nawase-Italy. Izwe lakhululwa ngo-1944 futhi inkululeko yabuyiselwa. Inkosi yasethwa kabusha ngo-1946. Amasosha aqala ukuvukela umbuso ngo-Ephreli 1967 futhi asungula ubushiqela bezempi. NgoJuni 1973, inkosi yasuswa esikhundleni kwasungulwa i-republic. Uhulumeni wezempi wawa ngoJulayi 1974; uhulumeni kazwelonke wasungulwa njenge-republic.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande elinesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi obungu-3: 2. Iqukethe imivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumhlophe, imivimbo emine emhlophe nemivimbo emihlanu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kunesikwele esiluhlaza ohlangothini oluphezulu lwefulegi nesiphambano esimhlophe kuso. Imigoqo eyisishiyagalolunye ebanzi imele isiqubulo sesiGrikhi esithi, "Nginika inkululeko, nginike ukufa." Lo musho unamalunga ayisishiyagalolunye esiGrekini. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka umele isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanti umhlophe umele inkolelo yenkolo.

IGrisi inabantu abangu-11.075 million (2005), abangaphezu kuka-98% abangamaGrikhi. Ulimi olusemthethweni isiGreki, kanti iSonto Lobu-Orthodox liyinkolo yombuso.

IGrisi ingelinye lamazwe angathuthuki kahle e-European Union, futhi isisekelo sayo sezomnotho sibuthakathaka. Indawo yehlathi ibalelwa ku-20% wezwe. Isizinda sezimboni sibuthakathaka kunamanye amazwe e-EU, ngobuchwepheshe obubuyela emuva nezinga elincane.Izimboni ezinkulu zibandakanya ezokumbiwa phansi, insimbi, indwangu, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi nokwakhiwa. IGrisi iyizwe lendabuko lezolimo, elinomhlaba olimekayo obalwa ngama-26.4% wezwe. Imboni yezinsizakalo iyingxenye ebalulekile yezomnotho, kanti imboni yezokuvakasha ingenye yemithombo esemqoka yokuthola imali yamanye amazwe kanye nokugcina ibhalansi yezinkokhelo zomhlaba wonke.

Amagugu amasiko acebile nendawo enhle yemvelo yenza izinsiza zezokuvakasha zaseGrisi zihluke. Kunamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-15,000 olwandle olude nolusabekayo, olunamatheku ajiyile nobuhle bendawo. Zingaphezu kwezi-3 000 iziqhingi ezinamachashazi azungezwe, njengamaparele akhanyayo ahlobiswe oLwandle oluluhlaza i-Aegean noLwandle iMedithera. Ilanga likhanya bha nesihlabathi solwandle sithambile futhi nomsinga uyisicaba, uheha izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Izindawo ezingenakubalwa zomlando ziyindawo enhle yamasiko eGrisi. I-Acropolis, iThempeli leLanga eDelphi, inkundla yasendulo ye-Olympia, iLabyrinth yaseKrethe, i-Amphitheatre yase-Epidavros, idolobha lenkolo i-Apollo eDelos, iTomb leNkosi yaseMakedoniya esiqhingini saseVergina, intaba engcwele, njll. Abantu bahlala isikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi sokuhambahamba, abantu bazozizwa sengathi basezweni lezinganekwane futhi babuyela enkathini yehomere. Iphrojekthi enkulu yama-Olimpiki eyakhelwe iMidlalo yama-Olimpiki ka-2004 inikeze izinsiza eziningi ekuthuthukiseni ezokuvakasha.

Ukuchuma kwezwe ledolobha kwazala isiko lasendulo laseGrisi, elalenza isiko lasendulo lamaGrikhi likhanye esigodlweni sesiko nobuciko bomhlaba. Noma ngabe kumculo, izibalo, ifilosofi, izincwadi, noma ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, ukubaza, njll., AmaGrikhi enze impumelelo enkulu. Indumezulu kaHomer engafi, izingcweti eziningi zamasiko, njengomlobi wamahlaya u-Aristophanes, umbhali wenhlekelele u-Aeschylus, uSophocles, u-Euripides, izazi zefilosofi uSocrates, uPlato, nesazi sezibalo uPythagoras Si, Euclid, umqophi uPhidias, njll.

I-Athene: I-Athene, inhlokodolobha yaseGrisi, iseningizimu yeningizimu yeNhlonhlo yaseBalkan. Izungezwe izintaba ezinhlangothini ezintathu nolwandle kolunye uhlangothi. Kungamakhilomitha ayi-8 eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Aegean Faliron Bay. Idolobha lase-Athene linamagquma, futhi imifula yaseFisos ne-Ilysos idlula edolobheni. I-Athene yidolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eGrisi, elinendawo engamahektha angama-900,000 kanye nenani labantu abayizigidi ezingama-3.757 (2001). I-Athene ibe nomthelela omkhulu emasikweni aseYurophu nawomhlaba, futhi yaziwa ngokuthi "indawo yempucuko yaseNtshonalanga" kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.

I-Athene yidolobha lasendulo eliqanjwe ngonkulunkulukazi wokuhlakanipha, u-Athena. Inganekwane ithi eGrisi lasendulo, u-Athena, unkulunkulukazi wokuhlakanipha, noPoseidon, unkulunkulukazi wolwandle, balwela isikhundla somvikeli wase-Athene. Kamuva, unkulunkulu omkhulu uZeus wanquma: Noma ngubani onganikeza isintu into ewusizo, idolobha elakhe. UPoseidon wanikeza isintu ihhashi eliqinile elalifanekisela impi, kanti u-Athena, unkulunkulukazi wokuhlakanipha, wanikeza isintu umuthi womnqumo onamagatsha akhephuzelayo nezithelo, okufanekisela ukuthula. Abantu balangazelela ukuthula futhi abayifuni impi.Ngenxa yalokho, idolobha lelo ngelika-Athena. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, waba ngusanta ongumvikeli wase-Athene, futhi i-Athens yathola igama layo. Kamuva, abantu babheka i-Athene "njengedolobha elithanda ukuthula".

I-Athene yidolobha lamasiko elidume umhlaba wonke.Lidale amasiko akudala akhazimulayo emlandweni.Amafa amaningi amasiko ayigugu adluliselwe kuze kube namuhla futhi ayingxenye yendlu yengcebo yamasiko emhlabeni. I-Athene yenze impumelelo enkulu ezibalweni, kwifilosofi, ezincwadini, ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, ebaziwe, njll. Umbhali omkhulu wamahlaya u-Aristophanes, ababhali abakhulu benhlekelele u-Aischris, uSophocles no-Euripides, izazi-mlando uHerodotus, uThucydides, izazi zefilosofi uSocrates, uPlato, no-Yari UStokes wayenemisebenzi emibili yocwaningo nemisebenzi yobuciko e-Athene.

I-Museum of Greek History and Antiquities enkabeni ye-Athene ingesinye isakhiwo esibalulekile e-Athene. Inani elikhulu lezinsalela zamasiko, izitsha ezahlukahlukene, imihlobiso yegolide emihle nezibalo zamanani avela ku-4000 BC kukhonjiswa lapha, okukhombisa ngokusobala isiko elihle kakhulu lezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zomlando eGrisi, elingabizwa ngokuthi yi-microcosm yomlando wasendulo wamaGrikhi.