ENepal Imininingwane Eyisisekelo
| Isikhathi sendawo | Isikhathi sakho |
|---|---|
|
|
|
| Izoni yesikhathi yasendaweni | Umehluko wendawo |
| UTC/GMT +5 ihora |
| ububanzi / ubude |
|---|
| 28°23'42"N / 84°7'40"E |
| ukufaka ikhodi kwe-iso |
| NP / NPL |
| imali |
| India (NPR) |
| Ulimi |
| Nepali (official) 44.6% Maithali 11.7% Bhojpuri 6% Tharu 5.8% Tamang 5.1% Newar 3.2% Magar 3% Bajjika 3% Urdu 2.6% Avadhi 1.9% Limbu 1.3% Gurung 1.2% other 10.4% unspecified 0.2% |
| ugesi |
 Thayipha c European 2-pin Thayipha ipulagi yakudala yaseBrithani |
| ifulegi lesizwe |
|---|
 |
| inhlokodolobha |
| UKathmandu |
| uhlu lwamabhange |
| ENepal uhlu lwamabhange |
| inani labantu |
| 28,951,852 |
| indawo |
| 140,800 KM2 |
| GDP (USD) |
| 19,340,000,000 |
| ifoni |
| 834,000 |
| Umakhalekhukhwini |
| 18,138,000 |
| Inani labasingathi be-Intanethi |
| 41,256 |
| Inani labasebenzisi be-Intanethi |
| 577,800 |
ENepal isingeniso
|
INepal yizwe elinezintaba maphakathi nezwe elinendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-147,181. Itholakala ezinyaweni eziseningizimu zesigaba esiphakathi seHimalaya. Inqamula iChina ngasenyakatho futhi inqamula iNdiya ngasentshonalanga, eningizimu nasempumalanga.Umngcele ungamakhilomitha angama-2 400 ubude. Izintaba zaseNepal zigcwele iziqongo eziningi, kanti iMount Everest isemngceleni weChina neNepal. Izwe lihlukaniswe izifunda zesimo sezulu ezintathu: izintaba eziphakeme ezisenyakatho, indawo emaphakathi esezingeni eliphansi nendawo eseningizimu yetropropical. Indawo iphakeme enyakatho futhi iphansi eningizimu. Umehluko wokuphakama okuhlobene awuvamile emhlabeni, iningi lawo okuyizindawo ezinamagquma. Izungezwe izintaba empumalanga, entshonalanga nasenyakatho, iNepal yaziwa "njengezwe lezintaba" kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. I-Nepal iyizwe elinezintaba elingangeni ngasentabeni eliseningizimu yenkaba ye-Himalaya, emngceleni weChina nenyakatho, futhi inqamula eNdiya ngasentshonalanga, eningizimu nasempumalanga. Izintaba ziyahlangana eNepal, kanti iMount Everest (ebizwa ngeSagarmatha eNepal) itholakala emngceleni ophakathi kweChina neNepal. Izwe lihlukaniswe izingxenye zesimo sezulu ezintathu: izintaba eziphakeme ezisenyakatho, indawo emaphakathi esezingeni eliphansi nendawo eseningizimu yetropical. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu ngenkathi ebandayo enyakatho ngu -41 ℃, kanti izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu ehlobo eningizimu ngu-45 ℃. Indawo iphakeme enyakatho futhi iphansi eningizimu, futhi umehluko wokuphakama okuhlobene awuvamile emhlabeni. Iningi lazo liyizindawo ezinamagquma, kanti umhlaba ongaphezulu kwekhilomitha eli-1 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle ubanga ingxenye yengxenye yezwe lonke. Izungezwe izintaba empumalanga, entshonalanga nasenyakatho, iNepal yaziwa "njengezwe lezintaba" kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Imifula miningi futhi inesiyaluyalu.Iningi layo lisuselwa eTibet, eChina, lagelezela eGanges eNdiya ngaseningizimu. Ngenxa yendawo eyinkimbinkimbi, isimo sezulu siyahlukahluka ezweni lonke. Izwe lihlukaniswe izingxenye zesimo sezulu ezintathu: izintaba eziphakeme ezisenyakatho, indawo emaphakathi esezingeni eliphansi nendawo eseningizimu yetropical. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu ngenkathi ebandayo enyakatho ngu -41 ℃, kanti izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu ehlobo eningizimu ngu-45 ℃. Ngasikhathi sinye ezweni, lapho amathafa aseningizimu eshisa kakhulu, inhlokodolobha iKathmandu nePakra Valley zigcwele izimbali nentwasahlobo, kanti indawo esenyakatho yezintaba yasebusika namakhekheba eqhwa. Ubukhosi basungulwa ngekhulu lesi-6 BC. Ngo-1769, iNkosi uPlitvi Narayan Shah waseGurkha wanqoba izikhulu ezintathu zeMala Dynasty neNepal enobunye. I-Shah Dynasty yasungulwa futhi iyaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. Ngenkathi abaseBrithani behlasela ngo-1814, iNepal yaphoqeleka ukuba inikeze izindawo ezinkulu zaseBritish India, futhi izingxoxo zayo zazingaphansi kweso laseBrithani. Kusukela ngo-1846 kuya ku-1950, umndeni wakwaRana wawuthembele ekwesekeni kwamaNgisi ukuthi athathe amandla ezempi nezombusazwe futhi athola isikhundla sokuba ngundunankulu wefa, okwenza inkosi yaba unodoli. Ngo-1923, iBrithani yabona inkululeko yeNepal. NgoNovemba 1950, iNepal Congress Party nabanye baqala umzabalazo wokulwa neRana, beqeda ukubusa kukaRana nokuqalisa kobukhosi bomthethosisekelo. UMahendra wamemezela umthethosisekelo wokuqala waseNepal ngoFebhuwari 1959. Umthethosisekelo omusha wamenyezelwa ngonyaka we-1962. INkosi uBirendra yahlala esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-1972. Ngo-Ephreli 16, 1990, iNkosi uBirendra yahlakaza uMkhandlu Kazwelonke futhi yamemezela umthethosisekelo wesithathu ngoNovemba wonyaka ofanayo, kwaqaliswa ubukhosi bomthethosisekelo bamaqembu amaningi. Ifulegi: Ifulegi laseNepal ukuphela kwefulegi elingunxantathu emhlabeni. Lolu hlobo lwephenathi lwavela eNepal eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, kwathi kamuva amaphenathi amabili ahlanganiswa aba isitayela sefulegi laseNepal namuhla. Iqukethe onxantathu ababili abanengxenye encane engenhla nengxenye enkulu engezansi enkudlwana.Ifreyimu ebusweni ibomvu futhi umngcele wefulegi uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Okubomvu umbala wezimbali zikazwelonke iRed Rhododendron, kanti okwesibhakabhaka kumele ukuthula. Ifulegi lonxantathu elingenhla linenyanga emhlophe yenyanga nenkanyezi, emele umndeni wasebukhosini; iphethini yelanga elimhlophe kufulegi lonxantathu elingezansi livela kulogo yomndeni wakwaRana. Amaphethini elanga nenyanga nawo amele isifiso sabantu baseNepal sokuthi izwe lisinde njengelanga nenyanga. Ama-engeli amabili amafulegi amele iziqongo ezimbili ze-Himalaya. INepal inabantu abayizigidi ezingama-26.42 (kusukela ngoJulayi 2006). INepal yizwe elinezinhlanga eziningi elinamaqembu ezizwe angaphezu kuka-30 afaka iRye, iLimbu, iSuvvar, iDamang, iMagal, iGurung, iSherba, iNewar neTaru. Izakhamuzi ezingama-86.5% zikholelwa kubuHindu, okwenza kube ukuphela kwezwe emhlabeni elibheka ubuHindu njengenkolo yalo yombuso. U-7.8% ukholelwa kubuBuddha, u-3.8% ukholelwa kwi-Islam, kuthi u-2.2% ukholelwe kwezinye izinkolo. IsiNepali ulimi olukhulunywa ezweni lonke, futhi isiNgisi sisetshenziswa kakhulu ezigabeni eziphezulu. INepal yizwe lezolimo, ama-80% wabantu aphethwe ezolimo, umnotho ubuyela emuva, futhi ungelinye lamazwe athuthukile emhlabeni. Izitshalo eziyinhloko ilayisi, ummbila, nokolweni, kanti izitshalo eziyimali ikakhulukazi ngomoba, izitshalo zikawoyela nogwayi. Izinsiza zemvelo zifaka phakathi ithusi, i-iron, i-aluminium, i-zinc, i-phosphorus, i-cobalt, i-quartz, isulfure, i-lignite, i-mica, imabula, i-limestone, i-magnesite, nokhuni. Kutholwa inani elincane kuphela lezimayini. Izinsizakusebenza zamandla we-hydropower zicebile, zinamanzi agcinwa ngamandla kagesi angama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-83. INepal inesisekelo sezimboni esibuthakathaka, isilinganiso esincane, izinga eliphansi lokusebenzisa imishini, nentuthuko ehamba kancane. Kakhulu kufaka ushukela, izindwangu, izicathulo zesikhumba, ukucubungula ukudla, njll. Kukhona neminye imisebenzi yezandla yasemakhaya nezimboni ezenziwa ngezandla. Isimo sezulu esimnandi nezindawo ezinhle zemvelo zenza iNepal icebe ngemithombo yezokuvakasha. INepal isezintabeni eziseningizimu zeHimalaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezintaba ezingaphezu kwezingama-200 zamamitha ayi-6000 kuya kwizi-8000 eNepal, okuyizifiso zabagibeli bezintaba. Ifa elicebile lamasiko nezenkolo laseNepal kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zakudala ziyatholakala kumaHindu namaBuddha. Ohambweni lokuhamba ngezinyawo, ibuye ibe namapaki kazwelonke okuvikela izilwane zasendle kazwelonke, angasetshenziselwa ukuhamba nokuvakasha izivakashi. Ngo-1995, kwakunezivakashi ezingama-360,000 eNepal. |