[Umwirondoro wigihugu]

Jamayike ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 10,991. Iherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'inyanja ya Karayibe, hakurya y'umuhanda wa Jamayike mu burasirazuba na Haiti, nko mu birometero 140 uvuye Cuba ugana mu majyaruguru. Nicyo kirwa cya gatatu kinini muri Karayibe. Inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 1220. Ifite ikirere gishyuha cyimvura gishyuha hamwe nubushyuhe buri mwaka bwa 27 ° C.

Igihugu kigabanyijemo intara eshatu: Cornwall, Middlesex, na Surrey. Intara eshatu zigabanyijemo uturere 14, muri zo akarere ka Kingston na St. Andereya kagize akarere gahuriweho, ku buryo mu by'ukuri hari leta 13 z’uturere. Amazina y'uturere ni aya akurikira: Akarere ka United King Kingston na Mutagatifu Andereya, Mutagatifu Tomasi, Portland, Mutagatifu Mariya, Mutagatifu Anna, Trillone, Mutagatifu James, Hanover, Westmoreland, Mutagatifu Elizabeti, Manchester, Claren Den, Mutagatifu Catherine.

Jamayike yabanje gutura ubwoko bwa Arawak bwAbahinde. Columbus yavumbuye ikirwa mu 1494. Yabaye ubukoloni bwa Esipanye mu 1509. Abongereza bigaruriye icyo kirwa mu 1655. Kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 17 kugeza mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, yabaye imwe mu masoko y'abacakara b'Abongereza. Mu 1834, Ubwongereza bwatangaje ko hakuweho ubucakara. Yabaye ubukoloni bw'Abongereza mu 1866. Yinjiye muri Federasiyo ya West Indies mu 1958. Yabonye ubwigenge bwimbere muri 1959. Yakuwe muri federasiyo ya West Indies muri Nzeri 1961. Ubwigenge bwatangajwe ku ya 6 Kanama 1962, nk'umunyamuryango wa Commonwealth.

Ibendera ryigihugu: urukiramende rutambitse rufite igipimo cyuburebure n'ubugari bwa 2: 1. Imirongo ibiri yagutse yumuhondo yubugari bungana igabanya ibendera hejuru ya mpandeshatu zingana kumurongo wa diagonal.Impande zo hejuru nu hepfo ni icyatsi naho ibumoso niburyo byirabura. Umuhondo ugereranya umutungo kamere wigihugu nizuba, umukara ugereranya ingorane zatsinzwe kandi zizahura nazo, naho icyatsi kigereranya ibyiringiro numutungo ukungahaye mubuhinzi.

Abaturage bose ba Jamayike ni miliyoni 2.6 (mu mpera za 2001). Abirabura na mulattos barenga 90%, naho abasigaye ni Abahinde, Abazungu n'Abashinwa. Icyongereza ni ururimi rwemewe. Abenegihugu benshi bizera ubukristu, kandi bake bemera idini ry'Abahindu n'Abayahudi.

Bauxite, isukari nubukerarugendo ninzego zingenzi zubukungu bwigihugu cya Jamayike nisoko nyamukuru yinjiza amadovize. Umutungo nyamukuru ni bauxite, ifite ububiko bwa toni zigera kuri miliyari 1.9, ikaba iza ku mwanya wa gatatu mu bauxite nini ku isi. Andi mabuye y'agaciro arimo cobalt, umuringa, icyuma, gurş, zinc na gypsumu. Ubuso bwamashyamba ni hegitari 265.000, ahanini ibiti bitandukanye. Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no gushonga bauxite ni inganda zikomeye muri Jamayike. Byongeye kandi, hari inganda nko gutunganya ibiryo, ibinyobwa, itabi, ibicuruzwa byuma, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ibikoresho byubaka, imiti, imyenda n imyenda. Ubuso bwubutaka buhingwa ni hegitari 270.000, naho ubuso bwamashyamba bugera kuri 20% byubuso bwigihugu. Ikura cyane cyane ibisheke n'ibitoki, hamwe na kakao, ikawa na peporo itukura. Ubukerarugendo n’urwego rukomeye mu bukungu n’isoko nyamukuru ry’ivunjisha muri Jamayike.

[Umujyi Mukuru]

Kingston: Kingston, umurwa mukuru wa Jamayike, ni icyambu cya karindwi kinini ku isi gifite icyambu kinini cy’amazi maremare hamwe n’ubukerarugendo. Iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bw’umusozi wa Lanshan, umusozi muremure ku kirwa kiri mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’ikigobe, hari ikibaya kirumbuka cya Gineya hafi. Ubuso (harimo n’umugi) ni kilometero kare 500. Ni nkimpeshyi umwaka wose, kandi ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere selisiyusi 23-29. Umujyi ukikijwe n'imisozi y'icyatsi n'imisozi miremire ku mpande eshatu, n'umuhengeri w'ubururu ku rundi ruhande. Ni mwiza kandi uzwi ku izina rya "Umwamikazi w'Umujyi wa Karayibe".

Abaturage bambere baba hano igihe kirekire ni Abahinde ba Arawak. Yigaruriwe na Espagne kuva mu 1509 kugeza mu wa 1655 nyuma iba ubukoloni bw'Abongereza. Port Royal, kilometero 5 mu majyepfo yumujyi, yari ibirindiro byambere byabongereza. Mu mutingito wa 1692, igice kinini cya Port Royal cyarasenyutse, nyuma Kingston ahinduka umujyi ukomeye ku cyambu. Yateye imbere mu kigo cy’ubucuruzi mu kinyejana cya 18 n’ahantu abakoloni bagurishaga imbata. Yagizwe umurwa mukuru wa Jamayike mu 1872. Yongeye kubakwa nyuma y’umutingito ukomeye mu 1907.

Umwuka wo mumujyi ni mushya, imihanda ifite isuku, kandi ibiti by'imikindo n'ibiti by'amafarasi bifite indabyo nziza umurongo. Usibye ibigo bya leta, nta nyubako nini nini ziri mumujyi. Amaduka, inzu yimikino, amahoteri, nibindi byibanze mugice cyo hagati cyumuhanda wa Bechinos. Hano hari ibibuga, inyubako zinteko ishinga amategeko, Itorero rya Mutagatifu Tomasi (ryubatswe mu 1699), inzu ndangamurage, nibindi mumujyi rwagati. Hano hari Stade yigihugu mu nkengero z’amajyaruguru, kandi gusiganwa ku mafarashi bikunze kubera hano. Ikigo cyubucuruzi hafi yacyo cyitwa New Kingston. Ikibuga cya Rockford kiri mu burasirazuba bwumujyi. Hariho ubusitani bunini bwibimera kuri kilometero 8 munsi yumusozi wa Lanshan hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwibiti byimbuto bishyuha. Mu nkengero z’iburengerazuba, hari kaminuza 6 za kaminuza ya West Indies, ikigo kinini muri West Indies. Ikawa nziza cyane ikorerwa i Lanshan hano irazwi kwisi. Gari ya moshi n'umuhanda bigana ku kirwa cyose, kandi hari ikibuga kinini cy'indege, kandi inganda z'ubukerarugendo zateye imbere.