[Iphrofayili yelizwe]

IJamaica inendawo eyi-10, 991 yeekhilomitha ezizikwere. Ime kwinxalenye esemantla ntshona yoLwandle lweCaribbean, inqumla iJamaica Strait esempuma naseHaiti, kwaye malunga neekhilomitha ezili-140 ukusuka eCuba ukuya emantla. Sisiqithi sesithathu ngobukhulu kwiCaribbean. Unxweme luziikhilomitha ezili-1220 ubude. Inemozulu yehlathi elishinyeneyo elinamaqondo obushushu aphakathi ngonyaka angama-27 ° C.

Ilizwe lahlulwe langamacandelo amathathu: iCornwall, iMiddlesex neSurrey. Amathathu la macandelo ahlulwe kwizithili ezili-14, apho isithili sase-Kingston kunye ne-St Andrew senza isithili esidibeneyo, kungoko kukho oorhulumente besithili abali-13 kuphela. Amagama ezithili ami ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: iKingston neSt Andrew's United District, iSt. Thomas, Portland, St. Mary, St. Anna, Trillone, St. James, Hanover, Westmoreland, St. Elizabeth, Manchester, Claren Den, iSt. Catherine.

IJamaica yayiyindawo yokuhlala yesizwe sama-Arawak samaIndiya. UColumbus wasifumana esi siqithi ngo-1494. Yaba yithanga laseSpain ngo-1509. AmaBritane ahlala kwesi siqithi ngo-1655. Ukusukela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-17 ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, yaba yenye yeemarike zamakhoboka zaseBritane. Ngowe-1834, iBritani yabhengeza ukupheliswa kobukhoboka. Yaba yithanga laseBritane ngo-1866. Wajoyina i-West Indies Federation ngo-1958. Ukufumana ukuzimela kwangaphakathi ngo-1959. Ukurhoxa kwiWest Indies Federation ngoSeptemba 1961. Inkululeko yabhengezwa ngo-Agasti 6, 1962 njengelungu le-Commonwealth.

Iflegi yesizwe: Ngxande ethe tyaba enomlinganiso wobude kububanzi be-2: 1. Imigca emibini ebanzi etyheli enobubanzi obulinganayo yahlula umphezulu weflegi koonxantathu abane abalinganayo ecaleni kwele diagonal.Amacala aphezulu nasezantsi aluhlaza kwaye ekhohlo nasekunene kumnyama. Umbala omthubi ubonakalisa indalo yelizwe kunye nokukhanya kwelanga, umnyama ubonakalisa ubunzima oboyisiweyo nabuza kujongana nabo, kwaye oluhlaza ufuzisela ithemba kunye nemithombo yobutyebi yezolimo yelizwe.

Inani labantu baseJamaica li-2.62 yezigidi (ekupheleni kuka-2001). AbaNtsundu kunye nee-mulattos akhawunti ngaphezulu kwama-90%, kwaye amanye ngamaNdiya, abamhlophe kunye namaTshayina. IsiNgesi lulwimi olusemthethweni. Uninzi lwabahlali luyakholelwa kubuKrestu, kwaye bambalwa abakholelwa kubuHindu nakubuYuda.

I-Bauxite, iswekile kunye nokhenketho lelona candelo libaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho lwesizwe lwaseJamaica kunye nomthombo ophambili wengeniso yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle. Owona mthombo uphambili yi-bauxite, enoovimba abamalunga ne-1.9 yezigidigidi zeetoni, eyenza ukuba ibe ngumvelisi we-bauxite wesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Ezinye iidipozithi ezibandakanya iicobalt, ubhedu, isinyithi, ilothe, i-zinc kunye ne-gypsum. Indawo yehlathi ziihektare ezingama-265,000, ubukhulu becala yimithi eyahlukeneyo. Imigodi kunye nokunyibilikisa i-bauxite lelona candelo libaluleke kakhulu lezorhwebo eJamaica. Ukongeza, kukho amashishini afana nokulungiswa kokutya, iziselo, icuba, iimveliso zesinyithi, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo zokwakha, iikhemikhali, amalaphu kunye nempahla. Indawo yomhlaba olimekayo imalunga neehektare ezingama-270,000, kwaye indawo yehlathi ibala malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 zommandla opheleleyo welizwe. Ikhulisa kakhulu umoba kunye neebhanana, kunye necocoa, ikofu kunye nepepile ebomvu. Ukhenketho licandelo elibalulekileyo lezoqoqosho kunye nomthombo ophambili wotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle eJamaica.

[ISixeko esiyiNtloko]

IKingston: IKingston, idolophu elikomkhulu laseJamaica, sisixeko sesixhenxe ngobukhulu kwizibuko lamanzi anzulu kunye nendawo yabakhenkethi. Ifumaneka emazantsi asentshona yeLanshan Mountain, eyona ntaba iphakamileyo kwesi siqithi kunxweme olusempuma mpuma lweGulf, kukho ithafa elichumileyo laseGuinea kufutshane. Indawo (kuquka needolophu) imalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-500. Ifana nentwasahlobo unyaka wonke, kwaye amaqondo obushushu ahlala ephakathi kwama-23-29 degrees celcius. Isixeko singqongwe ziinduli eziluhlaza kunye neencopho zeentaba kumacala omathathu, kunye namaza aluhlaza kwelinye icala. Iyabukeka kwaye inegama elaziwa ngokuba yi "Queen of the Caribbean City".

Abemi bokuqala abahlala apha ixesha elide ngamaNdiya aseArawak. Yayihlalwa yiSpain ukusuka kwi-1509 ukuya kwi-1655 kwaye kamva yaba yithanga lase-Bhritane. IPort Royal, eziikhilomitha ezi-5 kumazantsi esixeko, yayisisiseko somkhosi waselwandle waseBritane. Kwinyikima yonyaka we-1692, uninzi lwePort Royal lwatshatyalaliswa, kwaye uKingston kamva waba sisixeko esibalulekileyo kwizibuko. Yakhula yaba liziko lezorhwebo ngenkulungwane ye-18 kunye nendawo apho abokoloniyali babethengisa amakhoboka. Yachongwa njengekomkhulu laseJamaica ngo-1872. Yaphinda yakhiwa emva kwenyikima enkulu ngo-1907.

Umoya esixekweni utsha, iindlela zilungile, kunye nemithi yesundu kunye nemithi yamahashe eneentyatyambo eziqaqambileyo emgceni wendlela. Ngaphandle kweearhente zikarhulumente, azikho ezininzi izakhiwo ezinkulu kwindawo yedolophu. Iivenkile, iithiyetha zemiboniso bhanyabhanya, iihotele, njl. Njl. Zigxile kwicandelo eliphakathi kwisitrato iBechinos. Kukho izikwere, izakhiwo zepalamente, iSt. Thomas Church (eyakhiwe ngo-1699), iimyuziyam, njl. Kukho iNational Stadium kwiidolophu ezisemantla, apho umdyarho wamahashe udla ngokubanjelwa khona. Iziko lezorhwebo elikufutshane libizwa ngokuba yiNew Kingston. I-Rockford castle isempuma yesixeko. Kukho igadi yezityalo enkulu yeekhilomitha ezisibhozo emazantsi eNtaba yeLanshan eneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithi yeziqhamo yetropiki. Kwiidolophu ezisentshona, kukho iikholeji ezi-6 zeYunivesithi yaseWest Indies, elona ziko liphezulu kwiiWest Indies. Ikofu ekumgangatho ophezulu eveliswe eLanshan apha yaziwa kwihlabathi liphela. Umgaqo kaloliwe ukhokelela kwisiqithi sonke, kwaye kukho isikhululo seenqwelomoya esikhulu, kwaye ishishini lezokhenketho liyaphuhliswa.