[Iphrofayili Yezwe]

IJamaica inendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-10,991. Kutholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yoLwandle lweCaribbean, ngaphesheya kweJamaica Strait empumalanga neHaiti, cishe amakhilomitha ayi-140 ukusuka eCuba kuya enyakatho. Kuyisiqhingi sesithathu ngobukhulu eCaribbean. Ugu lungamakhilomitha ayi-1220 ubude. Inesimo sezulu esishisayo samahlathi emvula esinamazinga okushisa aphakathi naphakathi ngonyaka angama-27 ° C.

Izwe lihlukaniswe izifunda ezintathu: iCornwall, iMiddlesex neSurrey. Lezi zifunda zihlukaniswe izifunda eziyi-14, izifunda zazo iKingston neSt Andrew zakha isifunda esihlangene, ngakho-ke empeleni kukhona ohulumeni bezifunda abayi-13 kuphela. Amagama ezifunda ami kanjena: IKingston neSt Andrew's United District, iSt Thomas, iPortland, iSt Mary, iSt. Anna, iTrillone, iSt James, iHanover, iWestmoreland, iSt. Elizabeth, iManchester, iClaren IDen, iSt. Catherine.

IJamaica ekuqaleni kwakuyindawo yokuhlala yesizwe sama-Arawak samaNdiya. UColumbus wathola lesi siqhingi ngo-1494. Kwaba ikoloni laseSpain ngo-1509. AbaseBrithani bahlala kulesi siqhingi ngo-1655. Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, yaba enye yezimakethe zezigqila zaseBrithani. Ngo-1834, iBrithani yamemezela ukuqedwa kobugqila. Kwaba ikoloni laseBrithani ngo-1866. Ujoyine iWest Indies Federation ngo-1958. Kutholwe ukuzimela kwangaphakathi ngo-1959. Uhoxile eWest Indies Federation ngoSepthemba 1961. Ukuzimela kwamenyezelwa ngo-Agasti 6, 1962, njengelungu le-Commonwealth.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Ngunxande ovundlile onesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi buka-2: 1. Imigoqo emibili ebanzi ephuzi enobubanzi obulinganayo ihlukanisa ifulegi libe onxantathu abane abalinganayo kulayini odayiphayo, izinhlangothi ezingaphezulu nezingezansi ziluhlaza, kuthi izinhlangothi zesobunxele nezingakwesokudla zimnyama. Okuphuzi kumele imithombo yezemvelo yezwe nokukhanya kwelanga, okumnyama kufanekisela ubunzima osekunqotshiwe nabuzobhekana nabo, kanti okuluhlaza kufanekisela ithemba nemithombo yezolimo ecebile yezwe.

Inani labantu baseJamicaica liyizigidi ezingama-2.62 (ekupheleni kuka-2001). Abamnyama nama-mulattos babalwa ngaphezu kuka-90%, kanti abanye bangamaNdiya, abamhlophe namaShayina. IsiNgisi ulimi olusemthethweni. Izakhamizi eziningi zikholelwa ebuKristwini, kanti idlanzana likholelwa kubuHindu nobuJuda.

I-Bauxite, ushukela kanye nezokuvakasha ziyimikhakha ebaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wezwe waseJamaica futhi ingumthombo oyinhloko wemali engenayo yezimali zangaphandle. Isisetshenziswa esikhulu yi-bauxite, enezinqolobane ezingaba ngamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.9, okuyenza ibe ngumkhiqizi we-bauxite wesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Okunye ukufakwa kwamaminerali kufaka phakathi i-cobalt, ithusi, i-iron, i-lead, i-zinc ne-gypsum. Indawo yehlathi ingamahektha angama-265,000, ikakhulukazi izihlahla ezixubile. Ukumbiwa nokuncibilikiswa kwe-bauxite umkhakha wezimboni obaluleke kakhulu eJamaica. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimboni ezinjengokulungiswa kokudla, iziphuzo, osikilidi, imikhiqizo yensimbi, izinto zikagesi, izinto zokwakha, amakhemikhali, izindwangu nezingubo. Indawo yomhlaba olimekayo cishe ingamahektha angama-270,000, kanti indawo yehlathi ibalelwa ku-20% wendawo isiyonke yezwe. Ikhulisa kakhulu umoba nobhanana, kanye nococoa, ikhofi nopelepele obomvu. Ezokuvakasha zingumkhakha obalulekile wezomnotho nomthombo oyinhloko wokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe eJamaica.

[Amadolobha amakhulu]

IKingston: IKingston, inhloko-dolobha yaseJamaica, iyisikhumulo samanzi ajulile semvelo emhlabeni sesikhombisa ngobukhulu kanye nendawo yokuvakasha. Kutholakala ezinyaweni eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeLanshan Mountain, intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke esiqhingini esisogwini oluseningizimu-mpumalanga yeGulf, kuneGuinea Plain evundile eseduze. Le ndawo (kufaka phakathi amadolobha angamakhilomitha-skwele angama-500. Injengentwasahlobo unyaka wonke, kanti izinga lokushisa livame ukuba phakathi kuka-23-29 degrees Celsius. Idolobha lizungezwe amagquma aluhlaza nezintaba ezinhlangothini ezintathu, namagagasi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kolunye uhlangothi. Lihle futhi linedumela le- "Queen of the Caribbean City".

Izakhamizi zokuqala esezihlale lapha isikhathi eside ngamaNdiya ase-Arawak. Kwakuhlalwa yiSpain kusuka ngo-1509 kuya ku-1655 futhi kamuva kwaba ikoloni laseBrithani. IPort Royal, engamakhilomitha ama-5 eningizimu yedolobha, yayiyisisekelo samasosha asendulo aseBrithani. Ekuzamazameni komhlaba ngo-1692, iningi lePort Royal labhujiswa, kwathi iKingston kamuva yaba idolobha eliyitheku elibalulekile. Yakhula yaba isikhungo sezohwebo ngekhulu le-18 nendawo lapho amakholoniyali athengisa khona izigqila. Yabekwa njengenhloko-dolobha yaseJamaica ngo-1872. Yakhiwa kabusha ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu ngo-1907.

Umoya edolobheni uhlanzekile, imigwaqo ihlanzekile, futhi izihlahla zesundu nezihlahla zamahhashi ezinezimbali ezikhanyayo zigudle umgwaqo. Ngaphandle kwezinhlaka zikahulumeni, aziziningi izakhiwo ezinkulu endaweni yasemadolobheni. Izitolo, izinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, amahhotela, njll. Kugxilwe engxenyeni emaphakathi yeBechinos Street. Kunezikwele, izakhiwo zephalamende, iSt. Thomas Church (eyakhiwe ngo-1699), iminyuziyamu, njll enkabeni yedolobha. Kukhona iNational Stadium ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, futhi umjaho wamahhashi uvame ukubanjelwa lapha. Isikhungo sokuhweba esiseduze sibizwa ngokuthi yiNew Kingston. IRockford Castle isempumalanga yedolobha. Kunensimu enkulu yezitshalo engamakhilomitha ayi-8 phansi kweNtaba yeLanshan enezinhlobonhlobo eziphelele zezihlahla zezithelo ezishisayo. Emaphethelweni asentshonalanga, kukhona amakolishi ama-6 eWest Indies University, okuyisikhungo esiphakeme kunazo zonke eWest Indies. Ikhofi eliphakeme elikhiqizwa eLanshan lapha lidume umhlaba wonke. Ujantshi nomgwaqo omkhulu kuholela esiqhingini sonke, futhi kunesikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu samazwe omhlaba, futhi imboni yezokuvakasha iyakhiwa.