Luxembourg, the full name of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, covers an area of ​​2586.3 square kilometers. It is located in northwestern Europe, with Germany to the east, France to the south, and Belgium to the west and north. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The Erslin area of ​​the northern Ardennes Plateau occupies one third of the whole territory. The highest point, Burgplatz, is about 550 meters above sea level. To the south is the Gutland Plain. It has an ocean-continent transitional climate.

The country is divided into 3 provinces: Luxembourg, Diekirch, and Grevenmacher, with 12 prefectures and 118 municipalities. Provincial governors and city (town) governors are appointed by the Grand Duke.

In 50 BC, this place was the residence of the Gauls. After 400 AD, the Germanic tribes invaded and became part of the Frankish Kingdom and the Charlemagne Empire. In 963 AD, a unity governed by Siegfried, Earl of Ardennes, was formed. From 15th to 18th centuries, it was ruled by Spain, France, and Austria successively. In 1815, the European Congress of Vienna decided that Luxembourg was the Grand Duchy, with the King of the Netherlands concurrently serving as the Grand Duke and a member of the German League. The London Agreement of 1839 recognized Lu as an independent country. In 1866 he left the German League. It became a neutral country in 1867. A constitutional monarchy was implemented in 1868. Before 1890, Adolf, Duke of Nassau, became Grand Duke Lu, completely free from the rule of the Dutch king. It was invaded by Germany in both world wars. The neutrality policy was abandoned in 1948.

National flag: It is rectangular with a ratio of length to width of 5:3. The flag surface is composed of three parallel and equal horizontal rectangles, which are red, white, and light blue from top to bottom. Red symbolizes the enthusiasm and courage of the national character, and also symbolizes the blood of sacrificed martyrs in the struggle for national independence and national liberation; white symbolizes the simplicity of the people and the pursuit of peace; blue represents the blue sky, which means that the people have gained light and happiness . Together, the three colors symbolize equality, democracy and freedom.

Luxembourg has a population of 441,300 (2001). Among them, Luxembourgians accounted for about 64.4%, and foreigners accounted for 35.6% (mainly expatriates from Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, Germany, Britain, and the Netherlands). The official languages ​​are French, German and Luxembourgish. Among them, French is mostly used in administration, justice, and diplomacy; German is mostly used in newspapers and journals; Luxembourgish is a folk spoken language and is also used in local administration and justice. 97% of residents believe in Catholicism.

Luxembourg is a developed capitalist country. The natural resources are poor, the market is small, and the economy is highly dependent on foreign countries. The steel industry, financial industry and radio and television industry are the three pillars of the Rwandan economy. Lu is poor in resources. The forest area is nearly 90,000 hectares, accounting for about one-third of the country's land area. Lu is dominated by steel, and the chemical, machinery manufacturing, rubber, and food industries have also developed significantly. Industrial output value accounts for about 30% of GDP, and employees account for 40% of the national employed population. Lu Su is known as the "Steel Kingdom", with a per capita steel output of about 5.8 tons (2001), ranking first in the world. Agriculture is dominated by animal husbandry, and food cannot be self-sufficient. The output value of agriculture and animal husbandry accounts for about 1% of GDP. There are 125,000 hectares of arable land. The agricultural population accounts for 4% of the national population. The main agricultural products are wheat, rye, barley and corn.

Luxembourg: Luxembourg City (Luxembourg), the capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is located in the center of the Pai area in the south of the Grand Duchy, with a sea level of 408 meters and a population of 81,800 (2001) It is an ancient city with a history of more than 1,000 years, which is famous for its fortress.

Luxembourg City is located between Germany and France. It has a dangerous terrain. It was once an important military fortress in Western Europe in history. It had three defense walls, dozens of strong castles, and a length of 23 kilometers. The tunnels and hidden castles are known as the "Gibraltar of the North". After the 15th century, Luxembourg City was repeatedly invaded by foreigners. It was ruled by Spain, France, Austria and other countries for more than 400 years, and it was destroyed more than 20 times. During the period, the brave people of Luxembourg City built many strong castles to resist foreign invasions. These castles are of first-class architecture and are of high ornamental value. UNESCO has listed them as one of the "World Cultural Heritage" in 1995. As a result, Luxembourg City has become one of the most distinctive tourist hotspots in the world. After Luxembourg was recognized as a neutral country in 1883, some of the castles were demolished, and a large number of castles were later converted into parks, leaving only some stone walls as permanent memorials.

Several monuments in Luxembourg City have added a lot to the old city. Among them are the famous Belgian architectural features, the towering spire of the Grand Ducal Palace and the Notre Dame Cathedral built in the early 17th century, in addition to a large number of German Fairytale-style streets of the old town and buildings in different country styles. Walking out of the old city, on the northwest side of it is the beautiful Grand Ducal Park of Luxembourg. The park is full of green trees and red flowers, colorful, chattering bees, and flowing water....

Today's Luxembourg City is presented in front of people with a brand new look. Its strategic significance has gradually faded, and its international status has become more and more important. It is not only the seat of the government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, but also the investment environment in the world. One of the best cities, many international institutions, such as the European Court of Justice, the General Secretariat of the European Parliament, the European Investment Bank, and the European Financial Foundation, are located here, and its importance is evident. In addition, there are thousands of large companies and banks from Belgium, Germany, Switzerland and other countries.