Luxembourg, izina ryuzuye rya Duchy Nkuru ya Luxembourg, ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 2586.3. Iherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Uburayi, hamwe n'Ubudage mu burasirazuba, Ubufaransa mu majyepfo, n'Ububiligi mu burengerazuba no mu majyaruguru. Ubutaka buri hejuru mu majyaruguru no hasi mu majyepfo.Akarere ka Erslin gaherereye mu majyaruguru ya Arden Plateau gafite kimwe cya gatatu cyubutaka bwose. Ahantu hirengeye, Burgplatz, ni metero 550 hejuru yinyanja. Mu majyepfo hari ikibaya cya Gutland. Ifite ikirere cyinzibacyuho ikirere cyinzibacyuho.

Igihugu kigabanyijemo intara 3: Luxembourg, Diekirch, na Grevenmacher, hamwe na perefegitura 12 n’amakomine 118. Ba guverineri b'intara n'abayobozi b'umujyi (umujyi) bashyirwaho na Duke Mukuru.

Muri 50 mbere ya Yesu, aha hantu niho Gauls yari atuye. Nyuma ya 400 nyuma ya Yesu, amoko y'Abadage yateye maze aba umwe mu Bwami bwa Frankish no mu Bwami bwa Charlemagne. Mu 963 nyuma ya Yesu, hashyizweho ubumwe buyobowe na Siegfried, Earl wa Ardennes. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 15 kugeza mu cya 18, byategekwaga na Espagne, Ubufaransa, na Otirishiya. Mu 1815, Inama yabereye i Vienne y’Uburayi yemeje ko Luxembourg izaba Umwami ukomeye, Umwami w’Ubuholandi akaba ari na we wabaye Duke mukuru ndetse akaba n'umwe mu bagize Umuryango w’Ubudage. Amasezerano y'i Londres yo mu 1839 yemeye Lu nk'igihugu cyigenga. Mu 1866 yavuye muri Ligue y'Ubudage. Yabaye igihugu kidafite aho kibogamiye mu 1867. Ingoma ya cyami yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu 1868. Mbere ya 1890, Adolf, Duke wa Nassau, yabaye Grand Duke Lu, atarangizwa rwose n'ubutegetsi bw'umwami w'Ubuholandi. Yatewe n'Ubudage mu ntambara zombi z'isi. Politiki yo kutabogama yarahebwe mu 1948.

Ibendera ry'igihugu: Ni urukiramende rufite igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bwa 5: 3. Ubuso bwibendera bugizwe nuburyo butatu buringaniye kandi buringaniye buringaniye, butukura, bwera, nubururu bwerurutse kuva hejuru kugeza hasi. Umutuku ushushanya ishyaka n'ubutwari biranga igihugu, kandi binagereranya amaraso y'abahowe Imana mu rugamba rwo guharanira ubwigenge bw'igihugu no kwibohora igihugu; umweru ugereranya ubworoherane bw'abaturage no guharanira amahoro; ubururu bugereranya ikirere cy'ubururu, bivuze ko abaturage babonye umucyo n'ibyishimo . Hamwe na hamwe, amabara atatu agereranya uburinganire, demokarasi n'ubwisanzure.

Luxembourg ituwe n'abaturage 441.300 (2001). Muri bo, Abanyalubukiya bangana na 64.4%, naho abanyamahanga bangana na 35,6% (cyane cyane ababa mu mahanga baturutse muri Porutugali, Ubutaliyani, Ubufaransa, Ububiligi, Ubudage, Ubwongereza, n'Ubuholandi). Indimi zemewe ni Igifaransa, Ikidage na Luxembourgish. Muri byo, Igifaransa gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu buyobozi, mu butabera, no muri diplomasi; Ikidage gikoreshwa cyane mu binyamakuru no mu binyamakuru; Luxembourgish ni ururimi ruvugwa n'abantu kandi rukoreshwa no mu buyobozi bw’ubutabera n’ubutabera. 97% by'abaturage bemera Gatolika.

Luxembourg nigihugu cyateye imbere naba capitaliste. Umutungo kamere urakennye, isoko ni rito, kandi ubukungu bushingiye cyane mubihugu byamahanga. Inganda zibyuma, inganda zimari ninganda za radio na tereviziyo nizo nkingi eshatu zubukungu bwu Rwanda. Lu arakennye mubikoresho. Ubuso bw’amashyamba bugera kuri hegitari 90.000, bingana na kimwe cya gatatu cyubutaka bwigihugu. Lu yiganjemo ibyuma, kandi imiti, imashini, imashini, inganda, ibiribwa nabyo byateye imbere kuburyo bugaragara. Inganda ziva mu nganda zingana na 30% bya GDP, naho abakozi bangana na 40% by'abaturage bakoreshwa mu gihugu. Lu Su azwi ku izina rya "Steel Kingdom", hamwe n’umuturage w’ibyuma biva kuri toni zigera kuri 5.8 (2001), akaza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi. Ubuhinzi bwiganjemo ubworozi, kandi ibiryo ntibishobora kwihaza. Umusaruro w’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ugera kuri 1% bya GDP. Hano hari hegitari 125.000 zubutaka bwo guhingwa. Abaturage bashinzwe ubuhinzi bangana na 4% byabaturage bigihugu. Ibicuruzwa byingenzi byubuhinzi ni ingano, ingano, sayiri n ibigori.

Luxembourg : Umujyi wa Luxembourg (Luxembourg), umurwa mukuru w’Ubwami bukomeye bwa Luxembourg, uherereye hagati mu gace ka Pai mu majyepfo y’Ubutware Bukuru, ufite inyanja ya metero 408 n’abaturage 81.800 (2001) Numujyi wa kera ufite amateka yimyaka irenga 1.000, uzwiho igihome.

Umujyi wa Luxembourg uherereye hagati y’Ubudage n’Ubufaransa. Ifite ahantu hateye akaga. Kera cyahoze ari igihome gikomeye cya gisirikare mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba mu mateka. Hari inkuta eshatu, ibigo byinshi bikomeye, n'uburebure bwa kilometero 23. Imirongo hamwe n'ibihome byihishe bizwi nka "Gibraltar y'Amajyaruguru". Nyuma yikinyejana cya 15, Umujyi wa Luxembourg wibasiwe n’abanyamahanga.Yategekwaga na Espagne, Ubufaransa, Otirishiya ndetse n’ibindi bihugu mu myaka irenga 400, kandi isenywa inshuro zirenga 20. Muri icyo gihe, abantu b'intwari bo mu mujyi wa Luxembourg bubatse ibigo byinshi bikomeye kugira ngo barwanye ibitero by'amahanga. Izi ngoro zifite inyubako zo mu rwego rwa mbere kandi zifite agaciro gakomeye k'imitako. UNESCO yabashyize ku rutonde rw’umurage ndangamuco w'isi mu 1995. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Umujyi wa Luxembourg wabaye umwe mu hantu nyaburanga hasurwa cyane ku isi. Nyuma ya Luxembourg imaze kumenyekana nk'igihugu kidafite aho kibogamiye mu 1883, igice cy'ikigo cyarasenyutse, kandi umubare munini w'ingoro waje guhinduka parike, hasigara inkuta z'amabuye gusa nk'inzibutso zihoraho.