Luxembourg, dzina lonse la Grand Duchy waku Luxembourg, ili ndi dera lalikulu makilomita 2586.3. Ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Europe, ndi Germany kum'mawa, France kumwera, ndi Belgium kumadzulo ndi kumpoto. Malowa ndi okwera kumpoto komanso kumwera chakumwera.Dera la Ersling kumpoto kwa Arden Plateau limakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a gawo lonselo. Malo okwera kwambiri, Burgplatz, ali pafupifupi mamita 550 pamwamba pa nyanja. Kum'mwera kuli Chigwa cha Gutland. Ili ndi nyengo yakusintha kwakanthawi kanyanja.

Dzikoli lagawidwa zigawo zitatu: Luxembourg, Diekirch, ndi Grevenmacher, okhala ndi zigawo 12 ndi ma municipalities 118. Abwanamkubwa azigawo ndi matawuni amatauni amasankhidwa ndi Grand Duke.

Mu 50 BC, malowa anali malo okhala a Gauls. Pambuyo pa 400 AD, mafuko aku Germany adalanda ndikukhala gawo la Frankish Kingdom ndi Charlemagne Empire. Mu 963 AD, mgwirizano wolamulidwa ndi Siegfried, Earl waku Ardennes, udapangidwa. Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1400 mpaka 1700, idalamulidwa ndi Spain, France, ndi Austria motsatizana. Mu 1815, Msonkhano waku Vienna ku Europe udaganiza kuti Luxembourg ikhale Grand Duchy, pomwe Mfumu ya Netherlands nthawi yomweyo imakhala Grand Duke komanso membala wa League ya Germany. Pangano la London la 1839 lidazindikira Lu ngati dziko lodziyimira pawokha. Mu 1866 adachoka ku Germany League. Inakhala dziko losalowerera ndale mu 1867. Ulamuliro wachifumu unakhazikitsidwa mu 1868. Pambuyo pa 1890, Adolf, Duke waku Nassau, adakhala Grand Duke Lu, womasuka kwathunthu kuulamuliro wa mfumu yaku Dutch. Idalandidwa ndi Germany munkhondo ziwiri zapadziko lonse. Ndale idasiyidwa mu 1948.

Mbendera yadziko: Ndi yaying'ono yamakona anayi ndi kutalika kwa kutalika kwake 5: 3. Pamwamba pa mbendera pamakhala timakona tating'onoting'ono tofananira tating'onoting'ono, tofiira, zoyera, komanso buluu loyera kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Chofiira chimayimira chidwi komanso kulimba mtima kwaanthu amtunduwu, komanso chikuyimira mwazi wa ofera pomenyera ufulu wawo komanso kumasulidwa kwamayiko; zoyera zikuyimira kuphweka kwa anthu ndikutsata mtendere; buluu akuimira buluu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti anthu apeza kuwala ndi chisangalalo . Pamodzi, mitundu itatu ikuyimira kufanana, demokalase ndi ufulu.

Luxembourg ili ndi anthu 441,300 (2001). Mwa iwo, ma Luxembourg anali pafupifupi 64.4%, ndipo akunja anali 35.6% (makamaka ochokera ku Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, Germany, Britain, ndi Netherlands). Ziyankhulo zovomerezeka ndi French, Germany ndi Luxembourgish. Pakati pawo, Chifalansa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira, chilungamo, ndi zokambirana; Chijeremani chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'manyuzipepala ndi nkhani; Chilankhulo cha Luxembourgish ndi chilankhulo cholankhulidwa ndipo chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyang'anira ndi chilungamo m'deralo. Anthu 97% amakhulupirira Chikatolika.

Luxembourg ndi dziko lotukuka lotukuka. Zachilengedwe ndizosauka, msika ndi wochepa, ndipo chuma chimadalira mayiko akunja. Makampani azitsulo, makampani azachuma komanso wailesi komanso kanema wawayilesi ndi mizati itatu yazachuma ku Rwanda. Lu ndi wosauka pazinthu. Dera la nkhalangoyi ndi mahekitala pafupifupi 90,000, omwe amakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse a dzikolo. Lu amalamulidwa ndi chitsulo, ndipo makina opanga, makina, mphira, ndi mafakitole azakudya apanganso kwambiri. Kutulutsa kwamakampani kumawerengera pafupifupi 30% ya GDP, ndipo ogwira ntchito amawerengera 40% ya anthu ogwira ntchito mdziko lonse. Lu Su imadziwika kuti "Steel Kingdom", yokhala ndi chitsulo chotulutsa matani pafupifupi 5.8 (2001), chokhala woyamba padziko lapansi. Ulimi umayang'aniridwa ndi ziweto, ndipo chakudya sichingakhale chokwanira. Mtengo wakukula kwa ulimi ndi ziweto umakhala pafupifupi 1% ya GDP. Pali mahekitala 125,000 a nthaka yolimapo. Anthu olima amawerengera 4% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Zinthu zazikulu zaulimi ndi tirigu, rye, balere ndi chimanga.

Luxembourg : Luxembourg City (Luxembourg), likulu la Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, lili pakatikati pa dera la Pai kumwera kwa Grand Duchy, komwe kuli nyanja ya 408 mita ndi anthu 81,800 (2001) Ndi mzinda wakale wokhala ndi mbiri yoposa zaka 1,000, womwe udatchuka ndi linga lake.

Luxembourg City ili pakati pa Germany ndi France. Ili ndi malo owopsa. Poyamba inali malo achitetezo achitetezo ku Western Europe m'mbiri. Kunali makhoma atatu achitetezo, nyumba zambirimbiri zolimba, ndi 23 km kutalika. Ma tunnel ndi nyumba zobisika zimadziwika kuti "Gibraltar of the North". Pambuyo pa zaka za zana la 15, mzinda wa Luxembourg udagonjetsedwa mobwerezabwereza ndi akunja.Adalamulidwa ndi Spain, France, Austria ndi maiko ena kwazaka zopitilira 400, ndipo udawonongedwa koposa 20. Munthawi imeneyi, anthu olimba mtima ku Luxembourg City adamanga nyumba zolimba zambiri kuti athane ndi kuwukira kwakunja. Nyumbazi zili ndi nyumba zapamwamba komanso zokongola kwambiri. UNESCO yawasanja ngati amodzi mwa "World Cultural Heritage" mu 1995. Zotsatira zake, Luxembourg City yakhala imodzi mwamagawo okaona alendo padziko lapansi. Luxembourg itadziwika kuti ndi dziko losalowerera ndale mu 1883, gawo lina lachifumu linagwetsedwa, ndipo nyumba zachifumu zambiri pambuyo pake zidasandulika mapaki, ndikumangokhala makhoma amiyala ngati zikumbutso zosatha.

Zipilala zingapo ku Luxembourg City zawonjezera utoto wambiri mumzinda wakalewo.Pakati pake pali zomangamanga zodziwika bwino ku Belgian, nsanja yayikulu ya Grand Ducal Palace ndi Notre Dame Cathedral yomangidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 17th, kuphatikiza ku Germany Misewu yamakedzana ya tawuni yakale ndi nyumba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kutuluka mumzinda wakale, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwake ndi Grand Ducal Park yokongola ya Luxembourg.Paki ili yodzaza ndi mitengo yobiriwira ndi maluwa ofiira, zokongola, njuchi zongolira, ndi madzi oyenda ....

Lero mzinda wa Luxembourg ukuwonetsedwa pamaso pa anthu ndi mawonekedwe atsopano. Umodzi mwamizinda yabwino kwambiri, mabungwe ambiri apadziko lonse lapansi, monga European Court of Justice, General Secretariat of the European Parliament, European Investment Bank, ndi European Financial Foundation, ali pano, ndipo kufunikira kwake kukuwonekera. Kuphatikiza apo, pali makampani zikwizikwi ndi mabanki ochokera ku Belgium, Germany, Switzerland ndi mayiko ena.