ILuxembourg, igama eligcwele leGrand Duchy yaseLuxembourg, ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-2586.3. Itholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu, kukhona iJalimane empumalanga, iFrance iningizimu, neBelgium entshonalanga nasenyakatho. Indawo iphakeme enyakatho naphansi eningizimu.Indawo yase-Erslin esenyakatho ye-Ardennes Plateau ithatha ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zensimu yonke. Indawo ephakeme kakhulu, iBurgplatz, ingamamitha angaba ngu-550 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ngaseningizimu kuneGutland Plain. Inesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo olwandle-izwekazi.

Izwe lihlukaniswe izifundazwe ezi-3: iLuxembourg, iDiekirch, neGrevenmacher, enezindawo eziyi-12 kanye nomasipala abangu-118. Abaphathi bezifundazwe namadolobha (amadolobhana) aqokwa yiGrand Duke.

Ngo-50 BC, kwakuyindawo yokuhlala amaGaul. Ngemuva kuka-400 AD, izizwe zamaJalimane zahlasela futhi zaba yingxenye yoMbuso wamaFrank kanye noMbuso waseCharlemagne. Ngo-963 AD, kwakheka ubunye obabuswa nguSiegfried, u-Earl wase-Ardennes. Kusukela ngekhulu le-15 kuya kwele-18, lalibuswa iSpain, iFrance ne-Austria ngokulandelana. Ngo-1815, iNgqungquthela yaseVienna yaseYurophu yanquma ukuthi iLuxembourg izoba yiGrand Duchy, neNkosi yaseNetherlands ngesikhathi esifanayo isebenze njengoGrand Duke nelungu le-German League. Isivumelwano saseLondon sango-1839 sabona uLu njengezwe elizimele. Ngo-1866 wayishiya i-German League. Kwaba yizwe elingathathi hlangothi ngo-1867. Ubukhosi bomthethosisekelo benziwa ngo-1868. Ngaphambi kuka-1890, u-Adolf, uMbusi waseNassau, waba nguGrand Duke Lu, ekhululeke ngokuphelele ekubuseni kwenkosi yaseDashi. Yahlaselwa yiJalimane kuzo zombili izimpi zomhlaba. Inqubomgomo yokungathathi hlangothi yalahlwa ngo-1948.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande ngesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi buka-5: 3. Ubuso befulegi bakhiwe ngamaxande amathathu ahambisanayo futhi alinganayo, abomvu, amhlophe, futhi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayo ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi. Okubomvu kufanekisela intshiseko nobugagu bomlingiswa kazwelonke, futhi kufanekisela negazi labafel 'ukholo emzabalazweni wenkululeko kazwelonke nenkululeko yezwe; umhlophe ufanekisela ubulula babantu nokuphishekela ukuthula; okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kufanekisa isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza, okusho ukuthi abantu bathole ukukhanya nenjabulo . Ngokubambisana, le mibala emithathu imele ukulingana, intando yeningi kanye nenkululeko.

ILuxembourg inabantu abangama-441,300 (2001). Phakathi kwabo, amaLuxembourg abalinganiselwa kuma-64.4%, kanti abokufika babalelwa ku-35.6% (ikakhulukazi abokufika abavela ePortugal, e-Italy, eFrance, eBelgium, eJalimane, eBrithani naseNetherlands). Izilimi ezisemthethweni isiFulentshi, isiJalimane nesiLuxish. Phakathi kwazo, isiFulentshi sisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokuphatha, ubulungiswa, kanye nezokuxhumana; IsiJalimane sisetshenziswa kakhulu emaphephandabeni nakumajenali; I-Luxembourgish wulimi olukhulunywa ngabantu futhi iyasetshenziswa nasekuphathweni nasendaweni yezobulungiswa. Izakhamuzi ezingama-97% zikholelwa kubuKhatholika.

ILuxembourg iyizwe elithuthukisiwe longxiwankulu. Izinsizakusebenza zemvelo zimbi, imakethe incane, futhi umnotho uncike kakhulu emazweni aphesheya. Imboni yensimbi, imboni yezezimali kanye nomsakazo nethelevishini kuyizinsika ezintathu zomnotho waseRwanda. U-Lu uhluphekile ngezinsizakusebenza. Indawo yehlathi icishe ibe ngamahektha angama-90,000, okubalwa cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zomhlaba womhlaba. ILu ilawulwa ngensimbi, futhi izimboni zamakhemikhali, ezemishini, zenjoloba nezokudla nazo zithuthuke kakhulu. Inani lokukhishwa kwezimboni lisebenza cishe ngama-30% we-GDP, kanti abasebenzi babalwa ngama-40% wabantu abaqashiwe kuzwelonke. ILu Su yaziwa ngokuthi "yi-Steel Kingdom", ekhishwa insimbi ngayinye yamathani angaba ngu-5.8 (2001), ikleliswa kuqala emhlabeni. Ezolimo ziphethwe yimfuyo, futhi ukudla akunakukwazi ukuzimela. Inani elikhiphayo lezolimo kanye nokufuywa kwezilwane kubalwa cishe nge-1% le-GDP. Kunamahektha ayi-125,000 omhlaba olimekayo. Inani lezolimo lisebenza ngama-4% wabantu besizwe. Imikhiqizo yezolimo eyinhloko ukolweni, i-rye, ibhali nommbila.

Luxembourg : ILuxembourg City (Luxembourg), inhlokodolobha yeGrand Duchy yaseLuxembourg, itholakala maphakathi nendawo yePai eningizimu yeGrand Duchy, enamazinga olwandle angama-408 amamitha kanye nabantu abangu-81,800 (2001) Idolobha lasendulo elinomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwengu-1 000, elidume ngenqaba yalo.

ILuxembourg City itholakala phakathi kweJalimane neFrance. Inendawo eyingozi. Kwake kwaba yinqaba yamasosha ebalulekile eNtshonalanga Yurophu emlandweni. Kwakunezindonga ezintathu, izinqaba eziningi eziqinile, nobude obungamakhilomitha angama-23. Imigudu nezinqaba ezifihliwe zaziwa njenge- "Gibraltar yaseNyakatho". Ngemuva kwekhulu le-15, iLuxembourg City yahlaselwa ngabokufika kaninginingi.Yayiphethwe yiSpain, iFrance, i-Austria namanye amazwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-400, futhi yabhujiswa ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezingama-20. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu abanesibindi baseLuxembourg City bakha izinqaba eziningi eziqinile ukumelana nokuhlaselwa kwamanye amazwe. Lezi zinqaba zinezakhiwo ezisezingeni eliphakeme kanye nenani eliphakeme lokuhlobisa. I-UNESCO ibabhale njengenye ye "World Heritage Heritage" ngo-1995. Ngenxa yalokhu, iLuxembourg City isibe ngesinye sezindawo eziheha izivakashi emhlabeni. Ngemuva kokuthi iLuxembourg yamukelwa njengezwe elingathathi hlangothi ngo-1883, ingxenye yesigodlo yabhidlizwa, futhi inani elikhulu lezinqaba kamuva laguqulwa laba amapaki, kwasala izindonga zamatshe kuphela njengezikhumbuzo zaphakade.

Izikhumbuzo eziningana eLuxembourg City zengeze imibala eminingi kuleli dolobha elidala.Phakathi kwazo kukhona izakhiwo ezidumile zaseBelgium, umoya omkhulu waseGrand Ducal Palace kanye neNotre Dame Cathedral eyakhiwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, ngaphezu kwenani elikhulu lamaJalimane Imigwaqo yesitayela se-Fairytale yedolobha elidala nezakhiwo ngezitayela zezwe ezahlukahlukene. Ukuphuma edolobheni elidala, ohlangothini olusenyakatho-ntshonalanga yiGrand Ducal Park enhle yaseLuxembourg.Isiqiwu sigcwele izihlahla eziluhlaza nezimbali ezibomvu, imibala emibalabala, izinyosi ezixokozelayo namanzi agelezayo ....

I-Luxembourg City yanamuhla yethulwa phambi kwabantu ngokubukeka okusha sha. Ukubaluleka kwayo kwecebo kuye kwancipha kancane kancane, futhi isimo sayo samazwe omhlaba sesibaluleke kakhulu. Akusona nje isihlalo sikahulumeni weGrand Duchy yaseLuxembourg, kodwa futhi nesimo sokutshala imali emhlabeni Elinye lamadolobha ahamba phambili, izikhungo eziningi zamazwe omhlaba, njengeNkantolo Yobulungiswa yaseYurophu, i-General Secretariat yePhalamende laseYurophu, i-European Investment Bank, ne-European Financial Foundation, zitholakala lapha, futhi ukubaluleka kwayo kuyabonakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinkulungwane zezinkampani ezinkulu namabhange avela eBelgium, eJalimane, eSwitzerland nakwamanye amazwe.