Mexico, the full name of the United Mexican States, with an area of ​​1,964,375 square kilometers, is the third largest country in Latin America and the largest country in Central America. Mexico is located in the southern part of North America and the northwestern tip of Latin America. It is a must pass for land transportation in South and North America. It is known as the "land bridge". It borders the United States to the north, Guatemala and Belize to the south, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California to the west. The coastline is 11122 kilometers long. The Pacific coast is 7,828 kilometers, and the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean coast are 3,294 kilometers. The famous Isthmus of Tehuantepec connects North and Central America. About 5/6 of the country's area is plateaus and mountains. The Mexican plateau is in the center, flanked by the East and West Madre Mountains, the New Volcanic Mountains and the South Madre Mountains to the south, and the flat Yucatan Peninsula to the southeast, with many narrow coastal plains. The highest peak in the country, Orizaba, is 5700 meters above sea level. The main rivers are Bravo, Balsas and Yaki. Lakes are mostly distributed in the intermountain basins of the Central Plateau. The largest is Chapala Lake, with an area of ​​1,109 square kilometers. Mexico’s climate is complex and diverse. The coastal and southeastern plains have a tropical climate; the Mexican plateau has a mild climate throughout the year; the northwestern inland has a continental climate. Most areas are divided into dry and rainy seasons throughout the year. The rainy season concentrates 75% of the annual precipitation. Because the territory of Mexico is mostly plateau topography, there is no severe cold in winter, no scorching heat in summer, and evergreen trees in all seasons, so it enjoys the reputation of "Palace Pearl".

The country is divided into 31 states and 1 Federal District (Mexico City). The states consist of cities (towns) (2394) and villages. The names of the states are as follows: Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Coahuila, Colima, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí , Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas.

Mexico is one of the ancient civilization centers of the American Indians. The world-famous Mayan culture, Toltec culture and Aztec culture were all created by the ancient Indians of Mexico. The Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon built in the north of Mexico City BC are the representatives of this splendid ancient culture. The ancient city of Teotihuacan, where the Pyramids of the Sun and Moon are located, was declared by UNESCO as a common heritage of mankind. The ancient Indians in Mexico cultivated corn, so Mexico is known as the "hometown of corn". In different historical periods, Mo has also won the reputation of "the kingdom of cacti", "the kingdom of silver", and "the country floating on the oil sea". Spain invaded Mexico in 1519, Mexico became a Spanish colony in 1521, and the Governorate of New Spain was established in Mexico City in 1522. Independence was declared on August 24, 1821. The "Mexican Empire" was established in May of the following year. The establishment of the Republic of Mexico was announced on December 2, 1823. The Federal Republic was formally established in October 1824. In 1917, a bourgeois democratic constitution was promulgated and the country was declared the United Mexican States.

National flag: It is rectangular with a ratio of length to width of 7:4. From left to right, it consists of three parallel and equal vertical rectangles: green, white, and red. The Mexican national emblem is painted in the middle of the white part. Green symbolizes independence and hope, white symbolizes peace and religious belief, and red symbolizes national unity.

Mexico has a total population of 106 million (2005). Indo-European mixed races and Indians account for 90% and 10% of the total population, respectively. The official language is Spanish, 92.6% of residents believe in Catholicism, and 3.3% believe in Protestantism.

Mexico is a large economic country in Latin America, and its GDP ranks first in Latin America. The gross national product in 2006 was 741.520 billion US dollars, ranking 12th in the world, with a per capita value of 6901 US dollars. Mexico is rich in mining resources, of which silver is rich, and its output has ranked first in the world for many years. It is known as the "Silver Kingdom". With 70 billion cubic meters of natural gas reserves, it is the largest oil producer and exporter in Latin America, ranking 13th in the world, and occupies an important position in Mexico's national economy. The forest covers an area of ​​45 million hectares, accounting for about 1/4 of the total area of ​​the territory. Hydropower resources are about 10 million kilowatts. Seafood mainly includes prawns, tuna, sardines, abalone, etc. Among them, prawns and abalone are traditional export products.

The manufacturing industry occupies an important position in Mexico. The previously sluggish construction, textile, and clothing industries have begun to recover, and the transportation equipment, cement, chemical products, and electric power industries continue to grow. Oil production continues to rank fourth in the world. Mexico is the world's major honey producer with an annual output of 60 million kilograms, ranking fourth in the world. Ninety percent of the honey produced is exported, and this foreign exchange income amounts to approximately US$70 million each year.

The country has 35.6 million hectares of arable land, and 23 million hectares of arable land. The main crops are corn, wheat, sorghum, soybean, rice, cotton, coffee, cocoa, etc. The ancient Indians of Mexico bred corn, so the country enjoys the reputation of "the hometown of corn." Sisal, also known as "green gold", is also Mexico's leading agricultural product in the world, and its output ranks among the top in the world. The national pasture covers 79 million hectares, mainly raising cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, chickens, etc. Some livestock products are exported.

The long history and culture, the unique plateau customs and cultural landscapes, and the long coastline provide unique favorable conditions for the development of tourism in Mexico. The tourism industry, which ranks first in Latin America, has become one of Mexico’s main sources of foreign exchange earnings. Tourism revenue in 2001 reached 8.4 billion US dollars.

Mexico City: Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico), the capital of Mexico, is located on the lacustrine plain of Lake Tescoco in the southern part of the Mexican plateau, at an altitude of 2,240 meters. Over the years, the urban area has continued to expand and expanded to the surrounding Mexico State, forming numerous satellite towns. Administratively, these towns belong to the state of Mexico, but they have been integrated with the Federal District in terms of economy, society, and culture, forming a metropolitan area, including Mexico City and 17 nearby towns, covering an area of ​​approximately 2018 square kilometers. Mexico City has a cool and pleasant climate, with an average annual temperature of around 18°C. The whole year is divided into rainy and dry seasons. The rainy season is from June to early October. 75% to 80% of the annual precipitation is concentrated in the rainy season. Mexico City has a population of 22 million (including satellite cities) (2005), and its population growth rate ranks first among the largest cities in the world. Most of the residents have both European and American Indian descent and believe in Catholicism.

There is such a pattern on the flag and national emblem of Mexico: a brave vulture stands proudly on a strong cactus with a snake in its mouth. This is what the ancient Indian Aztecs saw when they walked to an island in Lake Tescoco under the guidance of their god of war before the thirteenth century. The word "Mexico" comes from the alias "Mexicali" of the Aztec national god of war. So the Aztecs filled the land and built roads in the place designated by the gods. In 1325 AD, the city of Tinoztitlan was built, which is the predecessor of Mexico City. Mexico City was occupied by the Spanish in 1521, and the city was severely damaged. Later, Spanish colonists built many European-style palaces, churches, monasteries and other buildings on the ruins. They named the city Mexico City and named it “Palace "The capital" is well-known in Europe. In 1821, Mexico became the capital when it became independent. At the end of the 18th century, the scale of the city continued to expand. After the 1930s, modern high-rise buildings have emerged one after another. It not only retains the strong national cultural color, but also is a splendid modern city.

Mexico City is the oldest city in the Western Hemisphere. The ancient Indian cultural relics dotted in and around the city are a valuable asset of Mexico and the history of human civilization. The Anthropology Museum, located in Chabrtepec Park and covering an area of ​​125,000 square meters, is one of the largest and most famous museums in Latin America. The museum is a collection of ancient Indian cultural relics, introducing anthropology, the origin of Mexican culture, and the ethnicity, art, religion, and life of the Indians. There are more than 600,000 exhibits of historical relics before the Spanish invasion. The building of the museum blends Indian traditional style with modern art, fully expressing the profound cultural connotation of the Mexican people. The Pyramid of the Sun and Moon, located 40 kilometers north of Mexico City, is the main part of the remains of the ancient city of Teotihuacan built by the Aztecs, and it is also the most dazzling pearl of the Aztec culture so far. The Pyramid of the Sun is 65 meters high and has a volume of 1 million cubic meters. It was the place where the sun god was worshipped. In 1988, UNESCO declared the Pyramids of the Sun and Moon as a common heritage of mankind.