IMexico, igama eligcwele le-United Mexico States, elinendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1,964,375, iyizwe lesithathu ngobukhulu eLatin America futhi izwe elikhulu kunawo wonke eMelika Ephakathi. IMexico itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeNyakatho Melika kanye nethiphu elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeLatin America. Kumele kudlule ukuthuthwa komhlaba eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika. Iyaziwa ngokuthi "ibhuloho lomhlaba". Unqamula i-United States enyakatho, iGuatemala neBelize ngaseningizimu, iGulf of Mexico noLwandle lweCaribbean empumalanga, nePacific Ocean kanye neGulf of California entshonalanga. Ugu lungamakhilomitha ayi-11122 ubude. Phakathi kwabo, ugu lwasePacific lunamakhilomitha angama-7,828, kanti iGulf of Mexico nolwandle lwaseCaribbean kungamakhilomitha angama-3,294. Isthmus edumile yaseTehuantepec ixhuma eMelika eseNyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi. Cishe u-5/6 wendawo yalelo zwe ungamathafa nezintaba. Ithafa laseMexico lisenkabeni, lihaqwe yizintaba zaseMpumalanga nezaseNtshonalanga Madre, Izintaba ZaseNew Volcanic kanye Nezintaba ZaseNingizimu Madre ngaseningizimu, kanye neNhlonhlo Yasathane eyisicaba ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga, namathafa amaningi asogwini amancane. Isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke ezweni, i-Orizaba, singamamitha angu-5700 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Imifula emikhulu yiBravo, iBalsas neYaki. Amachibi asatshalaliswa kakhulu emathafeni aphakathi nentaba eCentral Plateau.Ikhulu kunazo zonke iChibi iChapala, elinendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1,109. Isimo sezulu saseMexico siyinkimbinkimbi futhi sihlukahlukene. Amathafa asogwini naseningizimu-mpumalanga anesimo sezulu esishisayo; ithafa laseMexico linesimo sezulu esipholile unyaka wonke; inyakatho-ntshonalanga maphakathi nezwe inesimo sezulu sezwekazi. Izindawo eziningi zihlukaniswe izinkathi ezomile nezimvula unyaka wonke.Inkathi yemvula igxila kuma-75% emvula yonyaka. Ngenxa yokuthi indawo yaseMexico iningi lendawo eyakhiwe ngamathafa, akukho kubanda okukhulu ebusika, akukho ukushisa okuhangulayo ehlobo, nezihlahla eziluhlaza ngaso sonke isikhathi sonyaka, ngakho-ke ithokozela idumela le- "Palace Pearl".

Izwe lihlukaniswe izifunda ezingama-31 kanye ne-1 Federal District (Mexico City). Izifundazwe ziqukethe amadolobha (amadolobha) (2394) kanye nemizana. Amagama ezifundazwe ami kanjena: Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Coahuila, Colima, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, IHidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí , ISinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, iZacatecas.

IMexico ingesinye sezikhungo zasendulo zempucuko yamaNdiya aseMelika.Isiko elidume umhlaba wonke laseMayan, isiko lamaToltec namasiko ama-Aztec konke kwadalwa ngamaNdiya asendulo aseMexico. IPhiramidi yeLanga nePiramidi yeNyanga eyakhiwe enyakatho yeMexico City BC bangabamele leli siko elihle lasendulo. Idolobha lasendulo laseTeotihuacan, lapho kutholakala khona amaPyramid weLanga neNyanga, lamenyezelwa yi-UNESCO njengefa elijwayelekile lesintu. AmaNdiya asendulo eMexico ayelima ummbila, ngakho iMexico yaziwa ngokuthi "idolobha lommbila". Ezikhathini ezahlukahlukene zomlando, uMo ubuye wazuza idumela le "the Kingdom of cacti", "umbuso wesiliva" kanye "nezwe elintanta olwandle lwamafutha". ISpain yahlasela iMexico ngo-1519, iMexico yaba ikoloni laseSpain ngo-1521, kanti uMbusi waseNew Spain wasungulwa eMexico City ngo-1522. Ukuzimela kwamenyezelwa ngo-Agasti 24, 1821. "Umbuso waseMexico" wasungulwa ngoMeyi wonyaka olandelayo. Ukusungulwa kweRiphabhlikhi yaseMexico kwamenyezelwa ngoDisemba 2, 1823. IFederal Republic yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-Okthoba 1824. Ngo-1917, kwamenyezelwa umthethosisekelo wentando yeningi wobunxiwankulu futhi izwe lamenyezelwa njengeMelika yaseMelika.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande elinesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi buka-7: 4. Ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla, iqukethe onxande abathathu abaqondile nabalinganayo abaqondile bokuluhlaza, okumhlophe nokubomvu. Uphawu lukazwelonke lwaseMexico lupendwe maphakathi nengxenye emhlophe. Okuhlaza kukhombisa ukuzimela nethemba, okumhlophe kufanekisela ukuthula nenkolelo yenkolo, kanti okubomvu kufanekisela ubunye bezwe.

Inani labantu baseMexico liyizigidi eziyi-106 (2005). Izinhlanga ezixubekile zase-Indo-European namaNdiya zibalwa ngama-90% no-10% wabantu bonke ngokulandelana. Ulimi olusemthethweni iSpanish, izakhamizi ezingama-92.6% zikholelwa kubuKhatholika, kanti u-3.3% ukholelwa kubuProthestani.

IMexico iyizwe elikhulu lezomnotho eLatin America, kanti iGDP yayo iba seLatin America kuqala. Umkhiqizo wezwe lonke ngonyaka ka-2006 wawungu-741.520 wezigidigidi zamadola aseMelika, usezingeni le-12 emhlabeni, ngenani lomuntu ngamunye lamadola aseMelika angama-6901. IMexico icebile ngezinsizakusebenza zezimayini, lapho isiliva licebile, futhi umphumela walo ubekwe endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni iminyaka eminingi.Laziwa njenge "Silver Kingdom". Ngama-cubic metres ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-70 ezinqolobane yegesi yemvelo, ingumkhiqizi kawoyela nomthumeli omkhulu kunabo bonke eLatin America, isendaweni yesi-13 emhlabeni, futhi inesikhundla esibalulekile emnothweni wezwe waseMexico. Leli hlathi lihlanganisa indawo engamahektha ayizigidi ezingama-45, elithatha cishe u-1/4 wendawo isiyonke yale nsimu. Izinsizakusebenza zamandla kagesi zingama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-10. Ukudla kwasolwandle ikakhulu kufaka phakathi izimfanzi, i-tuna, isardadi, i-abalone, njll. Phakathi kwazo, ama-prawn kanye ne-abalone yimikhiqizo yendabuko yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe.

Imboni yezokukhiqiza ibambe isikhundla esibalulekile eMexico. Izimboni ebezivilapha ukwakhiwa, izindwangu nezingubo seziqalile ukubuyela esimeni, futhi izinto zokuhamba, usimende, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali nezimboni zamandla ziqhubekile nokukhula. Ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela kuyaqhubeka nokuba sezingeni lesine emhlabeni.UMexico ungumkhiqizi omkhulu wezinyosi emhlabeni okhishwa minyaka yonke ngamakhilogremu ayizigidi ezingama-60, usezingeni lesine emhlabeni. Amaphesenti angama-90 oju akhiqizwayo athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kanti le mali engenayo yokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe ibalelwa ezigidini ezingama-US $ 70 ngonyaka.

Izwe linamahektha ayizigidi ezingama-35.6 zomhlaba olimekayo namahektha ayizigidi ezingama-23 omhlaba olinyiwe. Izitshalo ezinkulu ummbila, ukolweni, amabele, ubhontshisi, irayisi, ukotini, ikhofi, ukhokho, njll. AmaNdiya asendulo aseMexico ayefuya ummbila, ngakho-ke izwe lijabulela idumela "ledolobha lasekhaya lommbila." ISisal, eyaziwa nangokuthi "igolide eliluhlaza", futhi ingumkhiqizo wezolimo ohamba phambili eMexico emhlabeni, futhi umkhiqizo wayo uphakathi kwezinga eliphezulu emhlabeni. Amadlelo ezwe ahlanganisa amahektha ayizigidi ezingama-79, ikakhulukazi akhulisa izinkomo, izingulube, izimvu, amahhashi, izinkukhu, njll.

Umlando omude namasiko, amasiko ahlukile asemathafeni namasimu, kanye nogu olude kunikeza izimo ezikahle ezithuthukisa ezokuvakasha eMexico.Imboni yezokuvakasha, eyindawo yokuqala eLatin America, ibe ngomunye wemithombo emikhulu yokutholwa kwemali yaseMexico. Imali engenayo kwezokuvakasha ngo-2001 yafinyelela ku-8.4 billion US dollars.

Idolobha laseMexico: IDolobha laseMexico (iCiudad de Mexico), inhlokodolobha yaseMexico, lisethafeni lacustrine leLake Tescoco engxenyeni eseningizimu yethafa laseMexico, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-2,240. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, indawo yasedolobheni iqhubekile nokukhula futhi yanda yaya eMexico State ezungezile, yakha amadolobha amaningi esathelayithi. Ngokuphatha, lawa madolobha angaphansi kwesifundazwe saseMexico, kepha ahlanganiswe neFederal District ngokomnotho, umphakathi namasiko, akha indawo yedolobha elikhulu, kufaka phakathi iMexico City namadolobha aseduze ayi-17, ahlanganisa indawo engaba amakhilomitha-skwele angama-2018. IMexico City inesimo sezulu esipholile futhi esimnandi esinamazinga okushisa aphakathi nonyaka acishe abe ngu-18 ° C. Unyaka wonke uhlukaniswe waba yizikhathi zemvula nezomile. Isikhathi semvula sisukela ngoJuni kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Amaphesenti angama-75 kuya kwangama-80% emvula yonyaka agxile enkathini yemvula. IMexico City inesibalo sabantu abayizigidi ezingama-22 (kubandakanya amadolobha esathelayithi) (2005), futhi inani lokukhula kwabantu liphakathi kwamadolobha amakhulu emhlabeni. Iningi lezakhamizi linabomdabu baseNdiya nabaseMelika nabakholelwa ebuKhatholika.

Kunephethini efulethini laseMexico nakuphawu lwesizwe: inqe elinesibindi limi ngokuziqhenya ku-cactus oqinile onenyoka emlonyeni. Yilokhu ama-Aztec aseNdiya asendulo akubona ngenkathi beya esiqhingini esiseLake Tescoco beholwa unkulunkulu wabo wempi ngaphambi kwekhulu leshumi nantathu. Igama elithi "Mexico" livela kubizo elithi "Mexicali" likankulunkulu wempi kazwelonke wama-Aztec. Ngakho-ke ama-Aztec agcwalisa umhlaba futhi akha imigwaqo endaweni eqokwe onkulunkulu. Ngo-1325 AD, idolobha laseTinoztitlan lakhiwa, okuyilona elandulela iMexico City. IMexico City yahlalwa yiSpanish ngo-1521, futhi leli dolobha lalimala kabi. Kamuva, abakoloni baseSpain bakha izigodlo eziningi ezakhiwe ngendlela yaseYurophu, amasonto, izindlu zezindela nezinye izakhiwo emanxiweni lawo. Bayiqamba ngokuthi idolobha iMexico City futhi bayiqamba ngokuthi “Isigodlo "Inhlokodolobha" yaziwa kakhulu eYurophu. Ngo-1821, iMexico yaba yinhloko dolobha lapho ithola inkululeko. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, izinga lamadolobha laqhubeka nokukhula. Ngemuva kweminyaka yama-1930, izakhiwo zesimanje eziphakeme ziye zavela zilandelana. Akugcini nje ukugcina umbala oqinile wesiko likazwelonke, kepha futhi kuyidolobha elihle kakhulu lesimanje.

IMexico City yidolobha elidala kunawo wonke eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe. Izinsalela zasendulo zamasiko aseNdiya ezifakwe kuleli dolobha naseduze kwazo ziyimpahla ebalulekile eMexico nomlando wempucuko yabantu. I-Anthropology Museum, etholakala eChabrtepec Park futhi ithatha indawo engamamitha-skwele ayi-125,000, ingenye yeminyuziyamu enkulu kunazo zonke futhi edume kakhulu eLatin America. Umnyuziyamu iqoqo lezinto zakudala zamasiko aseNdiya, ezethula i-anthropology, imvelaphi yesiko laseMexico, nobuzwe, ubuciko, inkolo, nempilo yamaNdiya. Kunemibukiso engaphezu kuka-600,000 yezinsalela zomlando ngaphambi kokuhlasela kweSpain. Ukwakhiwa komnyuziyamu kuhlanganisa isitayela sendabuko saseNdiya nobuciko besimanje, kuveza ngokugcwele umqondo ojulile wamasiko wabantu baseMexico. IPhiramidi yeLanga neNyanga, etholakala kumakhilomitha angama-40 enyakatho yeMexico City, yingxenye eyinhloko yezinsalela zedolobha lasendulo iTeotihuacan elakhiwa ama-Aztec, futhi liphinde libe yiparele elikhazimulayo kakhulu lesiko lama-Aztec kuze kube manje. IPhiramidi yeLanga ingamamitha angama-65 ukuphakama futhi inomthamo wamamitha ama-cubic million ayisigidi. Kwakuyindawo lapho kwakukhonzwa khona unkulunkulu welanga. Ngo-1988, i-UNESCO yamemezela amaPiramidi weLanga neNyanga njengefa elijwayelekile lesintu.