Norway, the full name of the Kingdom of Norway, covers an area of ​​385,155 square kilometers (including Svalbard, Jan Mayen and other territories). It is located in the western part of Scandinavia in Northern Europe, with Sweden to the east, Finland and Russia to the northeast, Denmark across the sea to the south, and the Norwegian Sea to the west. The coastline is 21,000 kilometers (including the fjords), and there are many natural harbors. The Scandinavian mountains run through the entire territory, and plateaus, mountains, and glaciers account for more than two-thirds of the entire territory. Hills, lakes, and swamps are widespread in the south. Most areas have a temperate maritime climate.

There are 1 city and 18 counties in the country: Oslo (city), Akershus, Ostfold, Heidemark, Oppland, Buskerud, Siffold, Telemark, East Agder, West Agder, Rogaland, Hordaland, Sogn-Fjordane, Moeller-Rumsdal, South Trondelag, North Trondelag, Nordland, Troms, Finland mark.

A unified kingdom was formed in the 9th century. During the Viking period from the 9th to 11th centuries, it expanded continuously and entered its heyday. It began to decline in the middle of the 14th century. In 1397, it formed the Kalmar Union with Denmark and Sweden and was under Danish rule. In 1814, Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden in exchange for West Pomerania. Independence in 1905, established a monarchy, and elected Danish Prince Karl as the king, called Hakon VII. Maintained neutrality during the First World War. Occupied by fascist Germany in World War II, King Haakon and his government went into exile in Britain. It was liberated in 1945. In 1957, Haakon VII passed away, and his son ascended the throne and was called Olaf V.

National flag: It is rectangular with a ratio of length to width of 11:8. The flag ground is red, with blue and white cross-shaped patterns on the flag surface, slightly to the left. Norway formed the Kalmar Union with Denmark and Sweden in 1397 and was ruled by Denmark, so the cross on the flag is derived from the cross pattern of the Danish flag. There are two types of Norwegian national flags. Government agencies fly the dovetail flag, and on other occasions the horizontal and rectangular national flags are displayed.

The total population of Norway is 4.68 million (2006). 96% are Norwegians and foreign immigrants account for approximately 4.6%. There are about 30,000 Sami people, mainly in the north. The official language is Norwegian, and English is the lingua franca. 90% of residents believe in the state religion of Lutheranism.

Norway is a developed country with modern industries. In 2006, its gross national product was US$261.694 billion, with a per capita value of US$56,767, ranking first in the world.

There are abundant oil and natural gas reserves. The hydropower resources are abundant, and the developable hydropower resources are about 187 billion kWh, 63% of which have been developed. The northern coast is a world-famous fishing ground. The agricultural area is 10463 square kilometers, including 6329 square kilometers pasture. Non-staple food is basically self-sufficient, and food is mainly imported. Industry occupies an important position in the national economy. The main traditional industrial sectors include machinery, hydropower, metallurgy, chemicals, papermaking, wood processing, fish product processing, and shipbuilding. Norway is the largest aluminum producer and exporter in Western Europe. Its output of magnesium ranks second in the world, and most of ferrosilicon alloy products are for export. The offshore oil industry that emerged in the 1970s has become an important pillar of the national economy and is the largest oil producer in Western Europe and the third largest oil exporter in the world. The main tourist spots are Oslo, Bergen, Roros, North Point and other places.

Oslo: Oslo, the capital of the Kingdom of Norway, is located in southeastern Norway, at the northern end of the Oslo Fjord, with an area of ​​453 square kilometers and an urban population of about 530,000 (2005 January). It is said that Oslo originally means "God's Valley", and another word means "piedmont plain". Oslo is nestled by the winding Oslo Fjord, behind it is the towering Holmenkollen Mountain, where the sky is reflected in the green water, which is not only rich in the charm of a coastal city, but also has the unique majesty of a densely forested area. . The hills around the city are covered with large bushes, large and small lakes, moors, and mountain trails are intertwined into a network. The natural environment is very beautiful. The developed and constructed area in the city only accounts for 1/3 of the total area, and most areas are still in a natural state. Due to the influence of the warm Atlantic current, Oslo has a mild climate with an average annual temperature of 5.9°C.

Oslo was first built around 1050. It was destroyed by fire in 1624. Later, King Christian IV of the Kingdom of Denmark and Norway built a new city at the foot of the castle and renamed it Christian. This name remained in use until 1925. There is a statue of Christian in front of the cathedral in the city to commemorate the founder of modern Oslo. In 1905, when Norway became independent, the government was based in Oslo. During World War II, Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany. After the liberation of Norway in 1945, the government returned to Oslo.

Oslo is the shipping and industrial center of Norway. The port of Oslo is 12.8 kilometers long and has more than 130 shipping companies. More than half of Norwegian imports are transshipped via Oslo. Oslo is connected with Germany and Denmark by car and ferries, and there are regular passenger ferry connections with the United Kingdom and the United States. There are railway hubs in the east and west of Oslo, and electric trains are connected to the east, north and west suburbs. Oslo Airport is one of the most important international airports in the country, with air routes to major cities in Europe and the world. Oslo's industries mainly include shipbuilding, electrical, textile, machinery manufacturing, etc. The industrial output value accounts for about one-fourth of the country.

Many Norwegian government agencies, such as the Parliament, Supreme Court, National Bank and National Broadcasting Corporation, are located in Oslo, and many national newspapers are also published here. The city hall is located behind the harbour. It is a building similar to an ancient castle. Inside the hall is a huge mural painted by modern Norwegian artists based on Norwegian history. It is called "Norwegian history textbook". In the square in front of the city hall are flowerbeds and fountains full of flowers. Nearby is the busiest downtown area in Oslo. In front of the National Theatre built in 1899, a statue of the famous Norwegian playwright Ibsen was erected. The White Palace, built in the 19th century, stands solemnly on a flat hill in the city center, with a bronze statue of King Karl-John on the red sandy square in front.