[Nyika Mbiri]

Panama, izere zita reRepublic of Panama, ine nharaunda yemakiromita 75,517 emakiromita. Inowanikwa muIsthmus yeCentral America. Inogumira Colombia kumabvazuva, Pacific Ocean kumaodzanyemba, Costa Rica kumadokero uye Gungwa reCaribbean kuchamhembe. Kubatanidza makondinendi eCentral neSouth America, Panama Canal inobatanidza Atlantic nePacific Oceans kubva kumaodzanyemba kuenda kuchamhembe, uye inozivikanwa se "Bridge reNyika". Mhenderekedzo yegungwa ingangoita makiromita 2988 kureba. Iyo nzvimbo iri kudzikama, iine makoronga nemipata inopararira. Kunze kwenzvimbo dzekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kwemapani, ane makomo kazhinji. Kune nzizi dzinodarika mazana mana, hombe idzo Tuila rwizi, Rwizi rweChepo uye Rwizi rweChagres. Pasi riri padyo neequator uye rine mamiriro ekunze ekunyanza.

Muna 1501, yakava koloni yeSpain uye yaive yeGavhuna weNew Granada. Kuzvimiririra muna 1821 uye ikava chikamu cheGreater Colombia Republic. Mushure mekuparadzaniswa kweGreater Colombia Republic muna 1830, yakava dunhu reRepublic of New Grenada (yakazonzi Colombia). Muna 1903, mushure mekukunda Britain neFrance, United States yakasaina chibvumirano nehurumende yeColombia yekuvaka nekuhaya mugero neUnited States, asi Paramende yeColombia yakaramba kuibvuma. Musi waNovember 3, 1903, mauto eUS akasvika muPanama, achikurudzira Pakistan kuti iparadzane neColombia uye iite Republic of Panama. Musi waNovember 18 wegore rimwe chetero, United States yakawana kodzero yechiremera yekuvaka nekushandisa mugero nekodzero yekushandisa, kugara nekutonga nzvimbo yemukoto. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, United States yakahaya mabheseni 134 emauto muBachchan, uye mamwe acho akadzoserwa mushure ma1947. MunaGunyana 1977, Pakistan neUnited States vakasaina "Chibvumirano Chitsva Che Canal" (inozivikanwawo sekuti Torrijos-Carter Chibvumirano). Musi waZvita 31, 1999, Panama yakawanazve masimba ayo pamusoro penzizi.

Mureza wenyika: Rectangle yakatwasuka ine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hwe3: 2. Mureza pamusoro unoumbwa neana akaenzana yakatwasuka maratangara: yekumusoro kuruboshwe uye zasi kurudyi machena machena machena ane bhuruu uye tsvuku shanu-dzakatarwa nyeredzi zvakateerana; rezasi kuruboshwe ibhuruu rectangle, uye kumusoro kurudyi itsvuku rectangle. Muchena anomiririra rugare; tsvuku nebhuruu zvichiteerana zvinomiririra Liberal Party neConservative Party yeyaimbova Panama.Mamiriro eaya maviri mavara pamureza wenyika anoratidza kuti mapato maviri akabatana kurwira zvido zverudzi. Nyeredzi mbiri-dzakatarisana dzinomiririra kuvimbika nesimba zvichiteerana. Mureza uyu wakagadzirwa naManuel Amador Guerrero, mutungamiri wekutanga wePanama.

Panama ine huwandu hwemamirioni 2.72 (anofungidzirwa muna 1997); pakati pavo, marudzi akasanganiswa eIndo-European akasvika 70%, vatema vakaita 14%, vachena vakaita 10%, uye maIndia vakaita 6%. ChiSpanish ndiwo mutauro wepamutemo. 85% yevagari vanotenda muchiKaturike, 4.7% vanotenda muchiPurotesitendi chiKristu, uye 4.5% vanotenda muIslam.

Nzvimbo yePanama Canal, nzvimbo yemari yedunhu, Colon Free Trade Zone uye zvikepe zvevatengesi ndiyo mbiru ina dzehupfumi hwePakistan. Basa reindasitiri mari inobata chinzvimbo chakakosha muhupfumi hwenyika. Panama inyika yekurima. Iyo nzvimbo yakarimwa nzvimbo ndeye 2.3 mamirioni mahekita, achiverengera 1/3 yenharaunda yenyika yenyika. Chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevashandi munyika chiri kuita zvekurima, masango, kuchengeta zvipfuyo nekuredza hove. Muindasitiri yekudyara, mupunga nechibage zvinonyanya kugadzirwa, uye zvirimwa zvemari mabhanana, kofi, cocoa, nezvimwe. Bhanana uye cocoa ndizvo zvinonyanya kugadzirwa kunze kwenyika. Panama yemabhizimusi base haina kusimba uye hapana indasitiri inorema. 14.1% yevashandi munyika iri kuita kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. Kuti kudzikise zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, hurumende yePakistani inokoshesa zvakanyanya kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yezvinhu zvevatengi, kugadzira chikafu, machira uye zvimwe zvikamu zveindasitiri yechiedza zvinotsiva zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Pamusoro pezvo, simendi yenyika uye kucherwa kwemhangura zvakawedzera nekukurumidza. Panama inovandudzwa zvakanaka indasitiri yebasa ndiyo musana wehupfumi hwenyika, uye kukosha kwayo kwakabuda kune 70% yeGDP yayo. Iyo indasitiri yebasa inosanganisira canal shipping, banking, inishuwarenzi, nezvimwe. Tourism ndiyo yechitatu nzvimbo hombe yemari muPakistan, ichiverengera 10% yeGDP.

[Main Maguta]

Panama Guta: Panama Guta (Panama Guta) iri pane peninsula padyo nemuromo wegungwa rePacific rePanama Canal. Guta rakatarisana nePanama Bay, rakatsigirwa neAnkang Valley, uye rinoyevedza. Pakutanga musha wekuredza weIndia, iro guta rekare rakavakwa muna 1519. Ndarama nesirivheri yakaburitswa munyika dzeAndes dzakatakurwa negungwa kusvika pano, ndokuzotakurwa nezvipfuyo kuCaribbean Coast ndokuendeswa kuSpain. Yakanga yakabudirira zvikuru. Gare gare, utsotsi hwakave hwakazara uye kutengeserana kwakadziviswa. Muna 1671, mupirati Sir Morgan akapisa guta rekare. Muna 1674, Panama Guta razvino rakavakwa 6.5 makiromita kumadokero kweguta rekare. Yakava chikamu cheNew Granada (Colombia) muna 1751. Mushure mekunge Panama yazivisa rusununguko kubva kuColombia muna 1903, guta rakave guta guru. Mushure mekupedzwa kwePanama Canal (1914), iro guta rakakura nekukurumidza.

Guta rakakamurwa kuita matunhu ekare nematunhu matsva. Dunhu rekare ndiyo nzvimbo huru yekutengesa, migwagwa yakatetepa, kuchine mamwe dzimba dzeSpanish nedzimba dzine materu. Pakati peguta pane Independence Square, inozivikanwawo seCathedral Square.Muzinda wemauto eFrance pavakavaka mugero izvozvi washandurwa kuitwa Central Post uye Telecommunications Bureau.Pari nehotera yepakati nepamuzinda wabhishopi munzvimbo iyi. Kumaodzanyemba kwedunhu rekare, Plaza deFrancia yakakomberedzwa nemiti tsvuku yemapuruvhuru.Ipo pane obelisk yekurangarira vashandi veFrance vakavaka mugero pachivara, uye kune chivakwa chematare chemunguva dzekoloni kune rimwe divi. Pamhenderekedzo yegungwa kuseri kwechivako, unogona kuona nzvimbo dzinoyevedza dzePanama Bay neFlamenly Islands dzakaputirwa neruvara rwepepuru.

Nzvimbo yedunhu nyowani yakareba uye yakatetepa, ichibatanidza dunhu rekare neguta rekare. Kune guva revakafira kutenda muRunyararo Park kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweguta. Mukona yekona iyi pane Panama Legislative Building.Pachine mabara emadziro pamadziro echivako ichi ino zvakare nzvimbo yemusangano weUN Security Council kuPanama munaKurume 1973. Central Avenue mudunhu nyowani, yakafanana nemhenderekedzo yegungwa, ndiwo mugwagwa wakapamhama uye wakabudirira kwazvo muguta. Migwagwa yedunhu nyowani yakatsvinda, iine zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvepamusoro-soro uye dzimba dzebindu nyowani. Dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzinosanganisira National Theatre, San Francisco Church, Bolivar Institute, Anthropology Museum, Ethnographic Museum neCanal Museum.