Sudan, the full name of the Republic of Sudan, is located in northeastern Africa, on the west bank of the Red Sea, and is the largest country in Africa. It is bordered by Libya, Chad, and Central African Republic to the west, Congo (Kinshasa), Uganda and Kenya to the south, Ethiopia and Eritrea to the east. The northeast borders the Red Sea, with a coastline of about 720 kilometers. Most of the territory is basin, high in the south and low in the north. The central part is the Sudan Basin; the northern part is a desert platform, the east of the Nile is the Nubian Desert, and the west is the Libyan Desert; the west is the Corfando Plateau and the Dafur Plateau; the east is the East African Plateau and the western slope of the Ethiopian Plateau. The Mount Kinetti on the southern border is 3187 meters above sea level, the highest peak in the country. The Nile River runs from north to south. The climate in Sudan varies greatly across the country, from the tropical desert climate to the tropical rain forest climate transition from north to south. Sudan is rich in gum arabic, and its output and export volume rank first in the world. Therefore, Sudan is also known as the "Gum Kingdom".

Egypt invaded and occupied Sudan in the early 19th century. In the 1870s, Britain began to expand into Sudan. The Mahdi Kingdom was established in 1885. In 1898, Britain regained Sudan. In 1899, it was "co-managed" by Britain and Egypt. In 1951, Egypt abolished the "co-management" agreement. In 1953, Britain and Egypt reached an agreement on Sudan's self-determination. The autonomous government was established in 1953, and independence was declared in January 1956, and the republic was established. In 1969, the Nimiri military coup came to power and the country was renamed the Democratic Republic of Sudan. In 1985, the Dahab military coup came to power and the country was renamed the Republic of Sudan.

National flag: a horizontal rectangle with a ratio of length to width of 2:1. The side of the flagpole is a green isosceles triangle, and the right side is three parallel and equal width strips, which are red, white, and black in order from top to bottom. Red symbolizes revolution, white symbolizes peace, black symbolizes southern residents who belong to the black race of Africa, and green symbolizes Islam believed by northern residents.

The population is 35.392 million. General English. More than 70% of the residents believe in Islam, the southern residents mostly believe in primitive tribal religions and fetishism, and only 5% believe in Christianity.

Sudan is one of the least developed countries in the world declared by the United Nations. The Sudanese economy is dominated by agriculture and animal husbandry, and the agricultural population accounts for 80% of the total population. Sudan’s cash crops such as gum arabic, cotton, peanuts and sesame occupies an important position in agricultural production, most of which are for export, accounting for 66% of agricultural exports. Among them, gum arabic is planted in an area of ​​5.04 million hectares, with an average annual output of about 30,000 tons, accounting for 60% to 80% of the world's total output; the output of long-staple cotton ranks second in the world; the output of peanuts ranks first in Arab countries and the world's top; sesame seeds The output ranks first among Arab and African countries, and the export volume accounts for about half of the world. In addition, Sudan’s livestock product resources rank first among Arab countries and second among African countries.

Sudan is rich in natural resources, including iron, silver, chromium, copper, manganese, gold, aluminum, lead, uranium, zinc, tungsten, asbestos, gypsum, mica, talc, diamonds, oil, natural gas and wood Wait. The forest area is about 64 million hectares, accounting for 23.3% of the country's area. Sudan is rich in water resources, with 2 million hectares of fresh water.

In recent years, Sudan has established an oil industry and its economic situation has been continuously improved. At present, Sudan has maintained a relatively high economic growth rate among African countries. In 2005, Sudan’s GDP was 26.5 billion U.S. dollars, and its per capita GDP was 768.6 U.S. dollars.