Sudan, dzina lonse la Republic of Sudan, lili kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Africa, kumadzulo kwa Nyanja Yofiira, ndipo ndi dziko lalikulu kwambiri ku Africa. Ili m'malire ndi Libya, Chad, ndi Central African Republic kumadzulo, Congo (Kinshasa), Uganda ndi Kenya kumwera, Ethiopia ndi Eritrea kummawa. Kumpoto chakum'mawa kumalire ndi Nyanja Yofiira, yokhala ndi gombe pafupifupi makilomita 720. Madera ambiri ndi beseni, kumpoto ndi kumwera kumpoto. Gawo lapakati ndi Basin la Sudan; gawo lakumpoto ndi nsanja yam'chipululu, kum'mawa kwa Nile ndi Chipululu cha Nubian, ndipo kumadzulo ndi chipululu cha Libyan; kumadzulo ndi Corfando Plateau ndi Dafur Plateau; kum'mawa ndi East Africa Plateau ndi kutsetsereka kwakumadzulo kwa Chigwa cha Ethiopia. Phiri la Kinetti kumalire akumwera ndi mamita 3187 pamwamba pa nyanja, phiri lalitali kwambiri mdzikolo. Mtsinje wa Nile ukuyambira kumpoto mpaka kumwera. Nyengo ku Sudan imasiyanasiyana m'dziko lonselo, kuyambira nyengo yam'chipululu yotentha mpaka kusintha kwa nkhalango zamvula kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera. Dziko la Sudan lili ndi chingamu chambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwake ndikutulutsa kunja kumakhala koyamba padziko lapansi. Chifukwa chake, Sudan imadziwikanso kuti "Gum Kingdom".

Aigupto adalanda ndikulanda dziko la Sudan koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 19. M'zaka za m'ma 1870, Britain inayamba kufalikira ku Sudan. Ufumu wa Mahdi unakhazikitsidwa mu 1885. Mu 1898, Britain idalandiranso dziko la Sudan. Mu 1899, "idayang'aniridwa" ndi Britain ndi Egypt. Mu 1951, Egypt idathetsa mgwirizano "wothandizana nawo". Mu 1953, Britain ndi Egypt adachita mgwirizano pankhani yodziyimira pawokha ku Sudan. Boma lodziyimira palokha lidakhazikitsidwa mu 1953, ndipo ufulu udalengezedwa mu Januwale 1956, ndipo Republic idakhazikitsidwa. Mu 1969, gulu lankhondo laku Nimiri lidayamba kulamulira ndipo dzikolo lidasinthidwa Democratic Republic of Sudan. Mu 1985, gulu lankhondo laku Dahab lidayamba kulamulira ndipo dzikolo lidasinthidwa Republic.

Mbendera yadziko: Ndi rectangle yopingasa yolumikizana ndi kutalika kwake mpaka m'lifupi mwa 2: 1. Mbali ya flagpole ndi katatu wobiriwira wa isosceles, ndipo mbali yakumanja ili ndi mizere itatu yolingana komanso yolingana, yomwe ndi yofiira, yoyera, komanso yakuda motsata kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Chofiira chimayimira kusintha, zoyera zikuyimira mtendere, zakuda zikuyimira nzika zakumwera za mtundu wakuda wa Africa, ndipo zobiriwira zikuyimira Chisilamu chomwe anthu amakhulupirira kumpoto.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi 35.392 miliyoni. Chingerezi Chachikulu. Oposa 70% okhalamo amakhulupirira Chisilamu, nzika zakumwera makamaka zimakhulupirira zipembedzo zamtundu wakale komanso zamatsenga, ndipo 5% yokha amakhulupirira Chikhristu.

Sudan ndi amodzi mwamayiko otukuka kwambiri padziko lapansi omwe adalengezedwa ndi United Nations. Chuma cha Sudan chimayang'aniridwa ndi ulimi ndi ziweto, ndipo anthu olima amawerengera 80% ya anthu onse. Zomera zakuSudan monga chingamu cha arabic, thonje, mtedza ndi zitsamba zimakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga zaulimi, zomwe zambiri zimatumizidwa kunja, zimawerengera 66% ya zogulitsa kunja. Zina mwa izo, chingamu chachiarabu chimabzalidwa m'dera la mahekitala 5.04 miliyoni, ndipo pafupifupi chaka chilichonse chimatulutsa pafupifupi matani 30,000, kuwerengera 60% mpaka 80% ya zotulutsa padziko lonse lapansi; kutulutsa kwa thonje lalitali kwambiri kumakhala lachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi; zotulutsa mtedza zimayambira koyamba m'maiko achiarabu komanso padziko lonse lapansi; nthangala za sitsamba Kupanga kumakhala koyambirira pakati pa mayiko achiarabu ndi Africa, ndipo amatumiza kunja kwa theka la dziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, chuma chazogulitsa ku Sudan chimakhala choyamba pakati pa mayiko achiarabu komanso chachiwiri pakati pa mayiko aku Africa.

Dziko la Sudan lili ndi chuma chambiri, kuphatikiza chitsulo, siliva, chromium, mkuwa, manganese, golide, zotayidwa, lead, uranium, zinc, tungsten, asibesito, gypsum, mica, talc, diamondi, mafuta, gasi wachilengedwe ndi nkhuni Dikirani. Dera la nkhalango lili pafupifupi mahekitala 64 miliyoni, kuwerengera 23.3% yamalo amdzikolo. Sudan ili ndi chuma chambiri chogwiritsa ntchito magetsi, ndi mahekitala 2 miliyoni amadzi abwino.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, dziko la Sudan lakhazikitsa msika wamafuta ndipo zachuma zake zasinthidwa mosalekeza. Pakadali pano, dziko la Sudan lakhala likuchulukirachulukira pakati pamaiko aku Africa. Mu 2005, GDP ya ku Sudan inali madola 26.5 biliyoni aku US, ndipo GDP yake pamunthu inali madola 768.6 aku US.