ISudan, igama eligcwele leRiphabhulikhi yaseSudan, lisenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika, ogwini olusentshonalanga yoLwandle Olubomvu, futhi iyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Afrika. Iphethwe yiLibya, iChad neCentral African Republic entshonalanga, iCongo (Kinshasa), i-Uganda neKenya ngaseningizimu, ne-Ethiopia ne-Eritrea empumalanga. Inyakatho-mpumalanga inqamula uLwandle Olubomvu, olunogu olungamakhilomitha angama-720. Iningi lale ndawo liyibhasi, liphezulu eningizimu futhi liphansi enyakatho. Ingxenye emaphakathi yiSudan Basin; ingxenye esenyakatho yipulatifomu eliwugwadule, empumalanga yeNayile iDwadule laseNubian, kanti entshonalanga uLwandle lwaseLibya; entshonalanga yiCorfando Plateau neDafur Plateau; empumalanga yi-East African Plateau kanye nomthambeka osentshonalanga weTheku laseTopiya. INtaba iKinetti emngceleni oseningizimu ingamamitha angama-3187 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke ezweni. UMfula iNayile usuka enyakatho uye eningizimu. Isimo sezulu eSudan sihluka kakhulu ezweni lonke, kusuka esimweni sezulu esishisayo sogwadule kuya ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu sehlathi lemvula kusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu. ISudan icebile ngama-gum arabic, futhi umthamo wayo wokukhipha nowokuthekelisa ukhomba kuqala emhlabeni.

IGibhithe yahlasela futhi yathatha iSudan ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Ngawo-1870, iBrithani yaqala ukunwebela eSudan. UMbuso waseMahdi wasungulwa ngo-1885. Ngo-1898, iBrithani yaphinde yathola iSudan. Ngo-1899, "yayiphethwe ngokubambisana" yiBrithani neGibhithe. Ngo-1951, iGibhithe yasichitha isivumelwano "sokuphatha ngokubambisana". Ngo-1953, iBrithani neGibhithe bafinyelela esivumelwaneni ngokuzibusa kweSudan. Kwasungulwa uhulumeni ozimele ngo-1953, kwathiwa kuzimela ngoJanuwari 1956, kwasungulwa ne-republic. Ngo-1969, umbuso wamasosha waseNimiri waqala ukubusa futhi izwe laqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iDemocratic Republic of Sudan. Ngo-1985, umbuso wamasosha waseDahab waqala ukubusa futhi izwe laqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iRiphabhuliki yaseSudan.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: unxande ovundlile onesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi buka-2: 1. Uhlangothi lwe-flagpole luyinxantathu eluhlaza okwe-isosceles, kanti uhlangothi lwangakwesokudla luyimichilo yobubanzi obulinganayo nobulinganayo, obomvu, omhlophe, nomnyama kusuka phezulu kuye phansi. Okubomvu kufanekisela uguquko, okumhlophe kufanekisela ukuthula, okumnyama kufanekisela izakhamizi zaseningizimu ezingaphansi kohlanga olumnyama lwase-Afrika, kanti okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kufanekisela ubuSulumane obukholelwa yizakhamizi zasenyakatho.

Inani labantu liyizigidi ezingama-35.392. IsiNgisi Esijwayelekile. Izakhamizi ezingaphezu kwama-70% zikholelwa enkolweni yamaSulumane, izakhamizi eziseningizimu ikakhulu zikholelwa ezinkolweni zesizwe sakudala nasezithombeni, kanti bangu-5% kuphela abakholelwa ebuKristwini.

ISudan ingelinye lamazwe athuthukile emhlabeni amenyezelwe yi-United Nations. Umnotho waseSudan uphethwe ezolimo nokufuya, kanti inani labantu bezolimo lifinyelela ku-80% wabantu sebebonke. Izitshalo zemali yaseSudan ezifana ne-gum arabic, ukotini, amakinati kanye ne-sesame zisesikhundleni esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni ezolimo, iningi lazo elokuthekelisa, okubalwa kuma-66% okuthunyelwa kwezolimo kwamanye amazwe. Phakathi kwazo, i-gum arabic itshalwe endaweni engamahektha ayizigidi ezingama-5.04, ngokukhishwa okulinganiselwa kwamathani angama-30,000 ngonyaka, okubalelwa ku-60% kuya ku-80% womkhiqizo ophelele emhlabeni; ukukhiqizwa kukakotoni okudala isikhathi eside kuba sesibili emhlabeni; ukukhiqizwa kwamantongomane kuqala emazweni ase-Arab nasezweni eliphambili; imbewu yesame Ukukhiqizwa kuqala kuqala phakathi kwamazwe ase-Arab nase-Afrika, futhi ukuthekelisa kuthumela cishe isigamu somhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsiza zemikhiqizo yemfuyo yaseSudan zibeka kuqala phakathi kwamazwe ase-Arabhu futhi okwesibili phakathi kwamazwe ase-Afrika.

ISudan icebile ngemithombo yemvelo, kufaka phakathi i-iron, isiliva, i-chromium, ithusi, i-manganese, igolide, i-aluminium, umthofu, i-uranium, i-zinc, i-tungsten, i-asbestos, i-gypsum, i-mica, i-talc, idayimane, uwoyela, igesi yemvelo nezinkuni Linda. Indawo eyihlathi ingamahektha ayizigidi ezingama-64, ebala u-23.3% wendawo yezwe. ISudan icebile ngemithombo yamandla kagesi, inamahektha ayizigidi ezi-2 zamanzi ahlanzekile.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iSudan isungule imboni kawoyela futhi isimo sayo sezomnotho silokhu sithuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo. Njengamanje, iSudan igcine izinga lokukhula komnotho eliphakeme uma liqhathaniswa namazwe ase-Afrika. Ngo-2005, i-GDP yaseSudan yayingamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-26.5 amadola aseMelika, kanti i-GDP ngayinye yayingama-dollar angama-768,6 aseMelika.