[Nyika Mbiri]

Trinidad neTobago, izita rakazara reRepublic of Trinidad neTobago, ine nharaunda yemakiromita mazana mashanu ane mazana masere neshanu neshanu. Inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwezasi kweAmai Antilles, Venezuela iri mhiri kwegungwa kubva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero. Iyo inoumbwa nezvitsuwa zviviri zveCaribbean zveTrinidad neTobago muiyo Mashoma Antilles. Trinidad ine nharaunda yemakiromita mazana mana nemakumi mana nemaviri uye Tobago ine makiromita 301. Mamiriro ekunze emasango anonaya mvura. Iyo tembiricha iri 20-30 ℃.

Nyika yakakamurwa kuita matunhu masere, maguta mashanu, uye 1 semi-autonomous Administrative dunhu. Matunhu masere anoti St. Andrew, St. David, St. George, Caroni, Nariva, Mayaro, Victoria neSt. Iwo mashanu maguta ndiro guta guru rePort of Spain, San Fernando, Arema, Cape Fortin neChaguanas. Tobago Island inzvimbo yakasununguka-inotonga yedunhu.

Trinidad pakutanga kwaigara maArawak nemaCaribbean maIndia. Muna 1498, Columbus akapfuura padyo nechitsuwa ndokuzivisa kuti chitsuwa ichi chiSpanish. Yaigara muFrance muna 1781. Muna 1802, yakapihwa kuUnited Kingdom pasi peChibvumirano cheAmiens. Tobago Island yakapfuura nemakwikwi mazhinji pakati peWest, Netherlands, France, neUnited Kingdom.Muna 1812, yakaderedzwa ikava nyika yeBritish pasi peChipatano cheParis. Zvitsuwa zviviri izvi zvakave nyika yakabatana yeBritish muna 1889. Kuzvimiririra kwemukati kwakaitwa muna 1956. Akajoinha West Indies Federation muna 1958. Musi waAugust 31, 1962, akazivisa rusununguko uye akava nhengo yeCommonwealth.Mambokadzi weEngland aive mukuru wenyika. Bumbiro idzva rakatanga kushanda muna Nyamavhuvhu 1, 1976, rakabvisa humambo hwebumbiro remitemo, rikagadzirwazve kuita republic, uye richiri nhengo yeCommonwealth.

Mureza wenyika: Iyo yakatetepa ine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hwe5: 3. Iyo mureza ivhu yakatsvuka.Black wide band bliququely kubva kukona yekumusoro kuruboshwe kuenda kuzasi kurudyi kona inopatsanura tsvuku mureza pamusoro pemaviri akaenzana kurudyi-angled mativi. Kune maviri matete machena macheto kumativi ese eblack wide band. Tsvuku inomiririra hutano hwenyika nevanhu, uye zvakare inoratidzira kudziya uye kupisa kwezuva; dema rinomiririra simba nekuzvipira kwevanhu, pamwe nekubatana nehupfumi hwenyika; chena inomiririra ramangwana renyika negungwa. Iwo matatu matatu anomiririra Trinidad neTobago.

Trinidad neTobago ine huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu 1.28 miriyoni. Pakati pavo, vatema vaiita 39.6%, maIndia aiita 40.3%, marudzi akasanganiswa akaita 18.4%, uye vamwe vese vaive verudzi rweEurope, Chinese neArab. Mutauro wepamutemo uye lingua franca ndiChirungu. Pakati pevagari, 29.4% vanotenda muchiKaturike, 10.9% vanotenda Anglicanism, 23.8% vanotenda muchiHindu, uye 5.8% vanotenda muIslam.

Trinidad neTobago pakutanga yaive nyika yekurima, kunyanya kudyara nzimbe uye kugadzirwa kweshuga. Mushure mekugadzirwa kwemafuta kwakatanga muma1970, kusimudzira hupfumi kwakawedzera. Indasitiri yepeturu yakave yakakosha chikamu chehupfumi. Zvishandiso zvisina kujairika zvinonyanya kusanganisira oiri negasi rechisikigo. Trinidad neTobago zvakare ine dziva repasi rose rakakura reasphalt. Nyanza iyi inosvika nzvimbo dzinosvika mahekita makumi mana nemanomwe uye inofungidzirwa kuti inochengeterwa matani emamirioni gumi nemaviri. Maindasitiri anoburitsa kukosha anoverengera angangoita 50% yeGDP. Kunyanya mafuta uye gasi kuburitsa nekuchenesa, kuchiteverwa nekuvaka nekugadzira. Iwo makuru ekugadzira maindasitiri fetiraiza, simbi, chikafu, fodya, nezvimwe. Trinidad neTobago ndiye mutengesi mukuru wepasi rose weammonia uye methanol. Zvekurima zvinonyanya kurima nzimbe, kofi, cocoa, macitrus, coconut uye mupunga. 75% yechikafu chinotengwa kunze. Nyika inorimika yemunyika ingangoita mahekita mazana maviri nemazana maviri ezviuru. Tourism ndiyo yechitatu sosi yekuchinjana yekunze. Mumakore achangopfuura, hurumende yeTrinidad neTobago yakachinja mamiriro ezvinhu apo hupfumi hwakanyanya kuvimba neindasitiri yemafuta uye yakagadzira zvine simba kushanya.

[Maguta Makuru]

Chiteshi cheSpain: Chiteshi cheSpain, guta guru reTrinidad neTobago, iguta rakanaka remumahombekombe egungwa uye chiteshi chemvura chakadzika. Yakambove yakaderedzwa ikava koloni yeSpain anopfuura makore mazana mana apfuura, uye yakatumidzwa zita rayo. Inowanikwa kumahombekombe ekumadokero kweTrinidad, West Indies. Pamadhigirii gumi nematanhatu kuchamhembe kwenharaunda, zvinoitika kuva nzvimbo yekuchamhembe nekuSouth America, saka inonzi "nzvimbo yeAmerica." Huwandu hwevanhu uye nzvimbo dzemumaguta dzakazara vanhu mazana mana nemakumi maviri. Pasi riri padyo neequator uye rinopisa gore rese. Pakutanga waive musha weIndia uye wakava guta guru reTrinidad kubvira 1774.

Zvivakwa zvemumaguta zvivakwa zvine nhurikidzwa mbiri dzeSpanish.Pane zvakare zvivakwa zveGothic zvine mabango akapinza muMiddle Ages, zvivakwa zveVictorian neGeorgia muEngland, nezvivakwa zveFrance neItaly. Miti yemichindwe uye masango ekokonati akawanda muguta. Kune matembere eIndia uye mosque dzeArabhu. Malagas Bay iri kuchamhembe kweguta, ine mahombekombe akanaka uye akachena pamhenderekedzo, igungwa rine mukurumbira muCentral America. Iyo Botanical Garden iri kuchamhembe kweguta rakavakwa muna 1818 uye ine tembiricha zvinomera kubva kumativi ese epasi.