Ilizwe lahlulwe langamacandelo ama-8, iidolophu ezi-5, kunye nommandla olawulayo ozimeleyo o-1. Amacandelo asibhozo yiSt.Andrew, iSt.David, iSt.George, iCaroni, iNariva, iMayaro, iVictoria kunye neSt. Izixeko ezi-5 likomkhulu lePort of Spain, San Fernando, Arema, Cape Fortin kunye neChaguanas. Isiqithi saseTobago yindawo ezimeleyo yolawulo.

I-Trinidad yayiyindawo yokuhlala yama-Arawak kunye namaNdiya aseCaribbean. Ngo-1498, uColumbus wadlula kufutshane nesiqithi wasibhengeza ukuba sisiSpanish. Yayihlala iFrance ngo-1781. Ngo-1802, yabelwa iUnited Kingdom phantsi kweSivumelwano sama-Amiens. Isiqithi saseTobago sidlule kukhuphiswano oluninzi phakathi kweNtshona, iNetherlands, iFrance neUnited Kingdom.Ngowe-1812, yaba lithanga laseBritane phantsi kweSivumelwano saseParis. Ngo-1889 ezi ziqithi zibini zaba likholoni emanyeneyo yaseBritane. Ukuzimela kwangaphakathi kwaphunyezwa ngo-1956. Wajoyina i-West Indies Federation ngo-1958. Nge-31 ka-Agasti ka-1962, wabhengeza inkululeko kwaye waba lilungu le-Commonwealth. Ukumkanikazi waseNgilani wayeyintloko yelizwe. Umgaqo-siseko omtsha waqala ngo-Agasti 1, 1976, waphelisa ubukhosi bomgaqo-siseko, wahlengahlengiswa kwakhona kwiriphabliki, kwaye uselilungu le-Commonwealth.

Iflegi yesizwe: Yixande kunye nomyinge wobude kububanzi be-5: 3. Iflegi yomhlaba ibomvu.Ibhanti ebanzi emnyama ebanzi ukusuka kwikona ephezulu ngasekhohlo ukuya kwikona esezantsi ekunene yahlula umphezulu obomvu weeflegi zibe ngoonxantathu abalinganayo basekunene.Kukho imiphetho emibini emhlophe emhlophe kumacala omabini ebhendi emnyama. Umbala obomvu umele amandla elizwe kunye nabantu, kwaye ukwabonisa ubushushu kunye nobushushu belanga; umnyama ubonakalisa amandla nokuzinikela kwabantu, kunye nobunye kunye nobutyebi belizwe; umhlophe ubonakalisa ikamva lelizwe kunye nolwandle. Oonxantathu ababini bamele iTrinidad neTobago. I-Trinidad kunye neTobago inabantu abali-1.28 yezigidi. Phakathi kwabo, abantsundu babalelwa kwi-39.6%, amaIndiya enza i-40.3%, iintlanga ezixubileyo zenza i-18.4%, kwaye ezinye zivela eYurophu, eTshayina naseArabhu. Olona lwimi lusetyenziswayo kunye nolwimi olusetyenziswayo sisiNgesi. Phakathi kwabahlali, i-29.4% ikholelwa kubuKatolika, i-10.9% ikholelwa kwi-Anglican, i-23.8% ikholelwa kubuHindu, kwaye i-5.8% ikholelwa kwi-Islam. I-Trinidad neTobago yayililizwe lezolimo, ikakhulu ukutyala ummoba kunye nemveliso yeswekile. Emva kokuba imveliso yeoyile iqale ngoo-1970, ukukhula koqoqosho kukhawulezile. Umzi-mveliso wepetroleum uye waba lelona candelo libalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho. Izixhobo ezingaqhelekanga ikakhulu zibandakanya ioyile kunye negesi yendalo. I-Trinidad neTobago ikwanelona chibi likhulu leasphalt kwindalo. Eli chibi ligubungela ummandla omalunga neehektare ezingama-47 kwaye linendawo eqikelelwa kwizigidi ezili-12 zeetoni. Ixabiso lemveliso yeakhawunti iphantse ibe yi-50% ye-GDP. Ikakhulu ukuveliswa kweoyile kunye nokucokiswa kwegesi yendalo, kulandele ulwakhiwo kunye nokwenza imveliso. Eyona mveliso iphambili yokwenza isichumiso, intsimbi, ukutya, icuba, njl. I-Trinidad neTobago lelona lizwe lithumela ngaphandle kumazwe amakhulu i-ammonia kunye ne-methanol. Ezolimo ikakhulu zikhulisa ummoba, ikofu, icocoa, isitrasi, ikhokhonathi kunye nerayisi. Ama-75% okutya angeniswa elizweni. Umhlaba olimekayo welizwe umalunga neehektare ezingama-230,000. Ukhenketho ngowona mthombo wesithathu ngobukhulu wotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente waseTrinidad naseTobago utshintshe imeko apho uqoqosho luxhomekeke kakhulu kumzi mveliso weoyile kwaye uphuhlise ngamandla ukhenketho.

[Iidolophu eziphambili]

Izibuko laseSpain: Izibuko laseSpain, ikomkhulu laseTrinidad kunye neTobago, sisixeko esihle sasegadi eselunxwemeni kunye nezibuko lamanzi anzulu. Yakhe yehliswa yathanga yaseSpain ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-400 eyadlulayo, yaza yathiywa ngegama layo. Ifumaneka kunxweme olusentshona yeTrinidad, West Indies. Kwidigri ezili-11 kumantla obude, kuyenzeka ukuba ibe liziko loMntla noMzantsi Merika, ke ibizwa ngokuba "liziko laseMelika." Inani labemi kunye neendawo ezisezidolophini zizonke ngabantu abangama-420,000. Umhlaba ukufuphi neikhweyitha kwaye kushushu unyaka wonke. Ekuqaleni yayiyilali yaseIndiya kwaye yaba likomkhulu laseTrinidad ukusukela ngo-1774.

Izakhiwo zasezidolophini ubukhulu becala zizakhiwo ezinemigangatho emibini yaseSpain.Kwakhona izakhiwo zeGothic ezinemiqolo etsolo kunye neentsika kumaXesha Aphakathi, izakhiwo zama-Victorian nezaseGeorgia eNgilane, nakwizakhiwo zaseFrance nezase-Itali. Imithi yesundu kunye nemithi yekhokhonathi igcwele esixekweni. Kukho iitempile zaseIndiya kunye nemikhosi yama-Arabhu. IMalagas Bay emantla esixeko, ineelwandle ezintle nezicocekileyo ecaleni konxweme, lulwandle oludumileyo kuMbindi Merika. Igadi yeBhotani kumantla esixeko yakhiwa ngo-1818 kwaye inezityalo ezishushu ezivela kwihlabathi liphela.