Bolivia, dzina lonse la Republic of Bolivia, lili ndi dera lalikulu makilomita 1098581. Dziko lopanda malire lomwe lili pakatikati pa South America. Kumadzulo kumatsogolera ku Chile ndi Peru, ndipo kumwera kwake kuli moyandikana ndi Argentina ndi Paraguay. Imadutsa Brazil kummawa ndi kumpoto. Madera ambiri akum'mawa ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi zigwa zonse za Mtsinje wa Amazon, zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi 3/5 m'derali, ndipo anthu ndi ochepa. Gawo lapakati ndi chigawo chokhala ndi ulimi wotukuka, ndipo mizinda ikuluikulu yambiri imayikidwa pano. Kumadzulo kuli Chigwa cha Bolivia chotchuka. Pamwamba pa 1000 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Ili ndi nyengo yotentha.

Anali gawo la Ufumu wa Inca m'zaka za zana la 13. Inakhala koloni yaku Spain mu 1538 ndipo idatchedwa Upper Peru. Motsogoleredwa ndi a Simon Bolivar ndi Sucre, anthu aku Bolivia adapeza ufulu pa Ogasiti 6, 1825. Pokumbukira ngwazi ya dziko Simon Bolivar, dziko la Bolivia lidatchedwa Bolivar Republic, lomwe pambuyo pake lidasinthidwa kukhala dzina lakale. Kuyambira 1835 mpaka 1839, Bolivia ndi Peru adapanga mgwirizano. Pambuyo pa mkangano wamalire ndi Chile mu 1866, gawo lakumwera kwa madigiri 24 chakumwera linatayika. Mu 1883, zidalephera mu "Nkhondo ya Pacific" ndipo idapereka dera lalikulu la migodi ya saltpeter ndi chigawo cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja cha Antofagasta kupita ku Chile ndikukhala dziko lopanda madzi.

Mbendera yadziko: Ndi yaying'ono yamakona anayi ndi kutalika kwa kutalika kwa 3: 2. Kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi, lili ndi makona atatu ofananira ofiira, achikasu, ndi obiriwira.Gawo lachikaso limakhala ndi chizindikiro cha dziko lonse pakati. Tanthauzo lake loyambirira ndi: kufiyira kukuyimira kudzipereka kudziko, chikasu chikuyimira tsogolo ndi chiyembekezo, ndipo chobiriwira chikuyimira dziko lopatulika. Tsopano mitundu itatu iyi ikuyimira zinthu zazikulu mdzikolo: ofiira amaimira nyama, achikaso amaimira mchere, ndipo zobiriwira zimaimira zomera. Nthawi zambiri, mbendera yadziko popanda chizindikiro cha dziko imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Bolivia ndi 9.025 miliyoni (2003). Anthu akumatauni ndi 6.213 miliyoni, kuwerengera 68.8% ya anthu onse, ndipo anthu akumidzi ndi 2.812 miliyoni, owerengera 31.2% ya anthu onse. Mwa iwo, Amwenye anali ndi 54%, mitundu yosakanikirana ya Indo-European inali 31%, ndipo azungu anali 15%. Chilankhulo chachikulu ndi Chisipanishi. Zilankhulo zazikulu ndi Quechua ndi Aimara. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira Chikatolika.

Bolivia ili ndi mchere wambiri, makamaka malata, antimoni, tungsten, siliva, zinc, lead, mkuwa, faifi tambala, chitsulo, golide, ndi zina zambiri. Malo osungiramo malata ndi matani 1.15 miliyoni ndipo nkhokwe zachitsulo zili pafupifupi matani 45 biliyoni, chachiwiri ndi Brazil ku Latin America. Mafuta otsimikiziridwa ndi migolo 929 miliyoni ndipo gasi wachilengedwe ndi 52.3 trilioni cubic mapazi. Nkhalangoyi ili ndi dera lalikulu masikweya kilomita 500,000, lomwe ndi 48% yamalo okhala mdzikolo. Dziko la Bolivia ndi lotchuka padziko lonse lapansi pamalonda amchere.Makampani ake sakutukuka kwenikweni, ndipo ulimi wake komanso ziweto zake zitha kuthana ndi zofuna zapakhomo.Ndi umodzi mwamayiko osauka kwambiri ku South America. Maboma otsatizana adakhazikitsa mfundo zachuma, adakhazikitsa chuma chambiri, adasintha kayendetsedwe kazachuma, adachepetsa kulowererapo kwa boma, ndipo adakhazikitsa malamulo oti apititse patsogolo mabungwe akuluakulu aboma. Kusintha kwachuma kwapeza zotsatira zina, chuma cha dziko chikusungabe kukula kwina, ndipo inflation yakhalapo.

La Paz: La Paz (La Paz) ndiye likulu loyang'anira komanso malo ogulitsa ku Bolivia, boma lapakati ndi nyumba yamalamulo ku Bolivia, komanso likulu la Chigawo cha La Paz. Ili m'chigwa kunja kwa phiri la Altiprano, kumalire ndi Peru ndi Chile kumadzulo, mapiri kumwera chakumadzulo, mapiri kumwera chakum'mawa, zigwa zotentha kum'mawa, ndi malamba a nkhalango zamvula m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Amazon kumpoto.Mtsinje wa La Paz umadutsa mzindawo. Mzindawu wazunguliridwa ndi mapiri, ndipo phiri la Ilimani limayenda mpaka mitambo mbali imodzi ya mzindawo. Mzindawu wonse wamangidwa paphiri lotsetsereka, ndikutsika kwamamita 800. Malo awiri osiyana kwathunthu amapangidwa kumapeto konse kwa mzindawu. Pamtunda wa mamita 3627, ndiye likulu lalikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nyengo ndi yotentha komanso yamapiri, ndikutentha kwapakati pa 14 ℃. Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi 794,000 (2001), pomwe 40% ndi Amwenye.

La Paz idakhazikitsidwa ndi aku Spain mu 1548 pamudzi wina wa Inca. Panthawiyo, inali yopereka malo opumira kwa convo yochokera mgodi wa siliva wa Potosi kupita ku Lima, Peru. Spanish amatanthauza "mtendere wamtendere". mzinda ". Chifukwa ili m'chigwa, anthu amasankha pano kuti apulumuke nyengo yozizwitsayi. Mudziwu umatchedwa mwachikondi "Dona Wathu wa La Paz" kuyamika nyengo yabwino m'derali. M'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu ndi cha khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, La Paz idakhala malo operekera chakudya m'dera lamapiri komanso likulu la zochitika zambiri zamigodi. Mu 1898, mabungwe ambiri aboma la Bolivia adachoka ku Sucre kupita ku La Paz. Kuyambira pamenepo, La Paz yakhala likulu la de facto, likulu lazandale komanso zachuma mdzikolo, komanso mzinda waukulu kwambiri mdzikolo, pomwe Sucre amangosunga dzina likulu lalamulo.

Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zaboma, La Paz ndiwonso mzinda waukulu kwambiri wamalonda m'chigwa. Makampani omwe amakhala mumzindawu amaphatikizapo kukonza chakudya, nsalu, kupanga, magalasi, mipando, ndi zida zamagetsi. La Paz ili ndi mchere wambiri ndipo ndiwotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wogulitsa zinthu zamchere. Makamaka zinc, golide, siliva, malata, antimoni, tungsten, mkuwa, chitsulo, mafuta, gasi wachilengedwe, ndi zina zambiri, nkhokwe zake ndi mtundu wake ndi zina mwazabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi.

La Paz ndi malo oyendetsera dziko lonse. Njira zazikulu zoyendera monga njanji, misewu yayikulu, ndi ndege zonse zimasonkhanitsidwa pano. Pali njanji zolumikiza dziko la Chile, Argentina, Brazil ndi maiko ena.Pali bwalo la ndege la La Paz lomwe lili pamtunda wamamita 3,819 kupitilira nyanja, yomwe ndi eyapoti yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Sucre: Sucre ndiye likulu lalamulo ku Bolivia komanso mpando wa Khothi Lalikulu. Ili m'chigwa cha Cachmayo chakum'mawa kwa mapiri a Eastern Cordillera.Zozunguliridwa ndi nsonga ziwiri, imodzi ndi Skaska pomwe ina ndi Qunkra. Kutalika kwake ndi mamita 2790. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka ndi 21.8 ℃. Mpweya wamvula wapachaka ndi 700 mm. Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi 216,000 (2001). Chifukwa nyumba zazikulu ndi nyumba zokhalamo anthu nzamzungu zonse, mzindawu umadziwika kuti "Mzinda Woyera".

Mzinda wa Sucre poyambirira unali mudzi waku India wotchedwa Chuqui Saka. Mzindawu udakhazikitsidwa mu 1538. Mu 1559, atsamunda aku Spain adakhazikitsa Khothi Lalikulu Lofunsa Mafunso m'madera aku America. Mu 1624, maJesuit adapanga yunivesite yakale kwambiri ku America, University of San Francisco-Harbière. Yunivesiteyi pakadali pano ndi Bolivia National Higher Education Center yokhala ndi ophunzira opitilira 10,000. Kuukira koyamba ku South America motsutsana ndi ulamuliro waku Spain kudayambika pano pa Meyi 25, 1809, ndipo ufulu wa Bolivia udalengezedwa pa Ogasiti 6, 1825. Mzinda wa Sucre umatchedwa Sucre, purezidenti woyamba wa Bolivia. Monga wothandizira Bolivar, womasula ku South America, Sucre adagwira nawo gawo lalikulu pakudziyimira pawokha ku Bolivia. Chifukwa cha zabwino zake, Sucre adasankhidwa kukhala Purezidenti woyamba wa Bolivia. Mu 1839, mzinda wa Sucre udakhala likulu la Bolivia. Unakhala likulu ku 1839 ndipo udatchedwa Purezidenti Sucre chaka chotsatira. Unakhala likulu lalamulo mu 1898 (Nyumba Yamalamulo ndi boma zili ku La Paz).