Burundi, the full name of the Republic of Burundi, covers an area of ​​27,800 square kilometers. Located on the south side of the equator in east-central Africa. It borders Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, Congo (Golden) to the west, and Lake Tanganyika to the southwest. There are many plateaus and mountains in the territory, most of which are formed by the plateau on the east side of the Great Rift Valley. The average elevation of the country is 1,600 meters, which is called "mountain country". The western Congo Nile Mountains run through the north and south, forming a central plateau, mostly above 2000 meters above sea level, which is the watershed between the Nile River and the Congo River (Zaire); the rift zone is relatively flat. The river network in the territory is dense. The larger rivers include the Ruziqi River and the Malagalasi River. The Ruvuwu River is the source of the Nile. The lowlands of Lake Tanganyika, the western valley and the eastern part all have a tropical steppe climate; the central and western parts have a tropical mountain climate.

A feudal kingdom was established in the 16th century. In 1890, it became a "German East African Protected Area." Occupied by the Belgian army in 1916. In 1922, it became the mandate of Belgium. In December 1946, the UN General Assembly handed Burundi to Belgium for trusteeship. On June 27, 1962, the 16th UN General Assembly passed a resolution on Burundi's independence. On July 1, Burundi declared independence and implemented a constitutional monarchy, which is called the Kingdom of Burundi. The Republic of Burundi was established in 1966. The Second Republic was established in 1976.

National flag: It is rectangular with a ratio of length to width of 3:2. The two crossing white broad strips divide the flag surface into four triangles. The upper and lower two are equal and are red; the left and the right are equal and green. The center of the flag is a round white ground with three red six-pointed stars with green edges arranged in a fringe shape. Red symbolizes the blood of the victims struggling for freedom, green symbolizes the desired cause of progress, and white represents peace among mankind. The three stars symbolize "unity, labor, progress", and also represent the three tribes of Burundi-Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa, and their unity.

The Republic of Burundi has a population of approximately 7.4 million (2005), composed of three tribes: Hutu (85%), Tutsi (13%) and Twa (2%). Kirundi and French are the official languages. 57% of the residents believe in Catholicism, 10% believe in Protestant Christianity, and the rest believe in primitive religion and Islam. The places of interest in Burundi include Haiha Mountain, Bujumbura Park, Bujumbura Museum and Lake Tanganyika, the second largest lake in Africa.

Main cities

Bujumbura: The capital Bujumbura is the largest city in the country, formerly known as Uzumbra. Located on the north shore of the eastern end of Lake Tanganyika, 756 meters above sea level. The population is about 270,000. At the end of the 19th century, it was a base for German colonists to invade central Africa, and later it was a stronghold for Germany and Belgium to rule Luanda (present-day Rwanda)-Ulundi (present-day Burundi). Today is the national political, economic and cultural center. Bujumbura's trade in coffee, cotton and animal products is prosperous. Lakeshore freshwater fisheries are important. There are agricultural products processing, food, textile, cement, leather and other small industries, which account for most of the country's output value. It is an important water and land transport hub and a national import and export gateway. Roads lead to Rwanda, Zaire, Tanzania and major domestic towns. The route through Lake Tanganyika to Kigoma Port in Tanzania, and then transfers to the Indian Ocean by rail, is an important way for foreign contacts. There is an international airport. The main cultural facilities are the University of Burundi and the African Civilization Museum.

An interesting fact: Burundi is also known as the heart of Africa, the country of proverbs, the country of mountains, and the country of drums. The people of Burundi can sing and dance, and they were known by the Nile River as early as in ancient Egypt. The Tutsi people are good at drumming and convey news with drum sounds, and hold drumming festivals every year. Urban buildings are mostly composed of two or three stories, and most of the rural buildings are brick buildings. The main food of the people of this country is potato, corn, sorghum, and non-staple food mainly includes beef and mutton, fish, various vegetables and fruits. The people of Burundi can sing and dance, and they were known by the Nile River as early as in ancient Egypt. The Tutsi people are good at drumming and convey news with drum sounds, and hold drumming festivals every year. Urban buildings are mostly composed of two or three stories, and most of the rural buildings are brick buildings. The main food of the people of this country is potato, corn, sorghum, and non-staple food mainly includes beef and mutton, fish, various vegetables and fruits.