France amatchedwa French Republic. France ili kumadzulo kwa Europe, malire ndi Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Spain, Andorra, ndi Monaco, moyang'anizana ndi United Kingdom kudutsa La Manche Strait kumpoto chakumadzulo, ndikumalire ndi North Sea, English Channel, Atlantic Ocean ndi Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Corsica ndiye chisumbu chachikulu kwambiri ku France. Malowa ndi okwera kum'mwera chakum'mawa komanso otsika kumpoto chakumadzulo, ndipo zigwa zimawerengera magawo awiri mwa atatu a dera lonselo. Mapiri akuluakulu ndi Alps ndi Pyrenees. Mont Blanc m'malire a France ndi Italy ndi 4810 mita kutalika kwa nyanja, phiri lalitali kwambiri ku Europe. Mitsinje yayikulu ndi Loire (1010 km), Rhone (812 km), ndi Seine (776 km). Gawo lakumadzulo kwa France limakhala ndi nkhalango yotentha kwambiri yam'madzi yotentha, kum'mwera kuli nyengo yotentha ya Mediterranean, ndipo madera apakati ndi kum'mawa ali ndi nyengo yadziko lonse.

France ili ndi dera lalikulu ma kilomita 551,600, ndipo dzikolo lagawidwa zigawo, zigawo, ndi matauni. Chigawochi chili ndi zigawo ndi zigawo zapadera, koma osati zigawo zoyang'anira. Chigawochi ndi gulu lazachipembedzo komanso zisankho. France ili ndi zigawo 22, zigawo 96, zigawo zinayi zakunja, madera 4 akunja, ndi 1 yoyang'anira dera lomwe lili ndiudindo wapadera. Pali ma municipalities a 36,679 mdziko muno.

Madera 22 aku France ndi: Alsace, Aquitaine, Auvergne, Bourgogne, Brittany, Central Region, Champagne-Ardenne, Corsica, Fran Shi-Condé, Chigawo cha Paris, Lancédoc-Roussion, Limousin, Lorraine, Midi-Pyrénées, Nord-Calais, Lower Normandy, Upper Normandy, Loire, Picardy, Boitou-Charentes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Rhone-Alpes.

A Gauls adakhazikika kuno ku BC. M'zaka za zana loyamba BC, kazembe wa Gallic waku Roma, Kaisara, adakhala kudera lonse la Gallic, ndipo amalamulidwa ndi Roma kwa zaka 500. M'zaka za zana lachisanu AD, a Franks adagonjetsa Gaul ndikukhazikitsa ufumu waku Frankish. Pambuyo pa zaka za zana la khumi, magulu amtendere adakula mwachangu. Mu 1337, mfumu yaku Britain idasilira mpando wachifumu waku France ndipo "Nkhondo ya Zaka 100" idayamba. M'masiku oyambilira, madera akuluakulu ku France adalandidwa ndi aku Britain ndipo King of France idalandidwa Pambuyo pake, anthu aku France adalimbana ndi nkhanza ndipo adathetsa nkhondo ya zaka zana limodzi mu 1453. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 15 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 16, dziko lokhala pakati.

Pakati pa zaka za zana la 17, ulamuliro wachifumu waku France udafika pachimake. Ndikukula kwa mphamvu za mabwanamkubwa, France idayambika mu 1789, nathetsa amfumu, ndikukhazikitsa First Republic pa Seputembara 22, 1792. Pa Novembala 9, 1799 (Fog Moon 18), Napoleon Bonaparte adatenga mphamvu nadzitcha wolamulira mu 1804, ndikukhazikitsa Ufumu Woyamba. Kusinthaku kudayamba mu February 1848 ndipo Second Republic idakhazikitsidwa. Mu 1851, Purezidenti Louis Bonaparte adayambitsa mgwirizano ndikukhazikitsa Ufumu Wachiwiri mu Disembala chaka chotsatira. Atagonjetsedwa pankhondo ya Franco-Prussian mu 1870, Third Republic idakhazikitsidwa mu Seputembara 1871 mpaka boma la French Petain lipereke Germany ku June 1940, ndipo Third Republic idagwa. France idalowetsedwa ndi Germany pankhondo yoyamba ndi yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Boma lakanthawi lidalengezedwa mu June 1944, ndipo Constitution idakhazikitsidwa mu 1946, ndikukhazikitsa Republic Lachinayi. Mu Seputembala 1958, malamulo atsopanowa adakhazikitsidwa ndipo Fifth Republic idakhazikitsidwa. Charles de Gaulle, Pompidou, Destin, Mitterrand, Chirac, ndi Sarkozy adatumikira ngati purezidenti.

Mbendera yadziko: Mbendera yaku France ndi yamakona anayi ndi kutalika kwa kutalika kwake kufikira 3: 2. Pamwamba pa mbendera pamakhala timakona tating'onoting'ono tofanana, kuyambira kumanzere kupita kumanja mu buluu, zoyera komanso zofiira. Pali malo ambiri ochokera ku mbendera yaku France, omwe amaimiridwa kwambiri ndi awa: panthawi ya kusintha kwa bourgeois ku France mu 1789, gulu lankhondo laku Paris lidagwiritsa ntchito mbendera ya buluu, yoyera komanso yofiira ngati mbendera ya gulu lawo. White pakati imayimira mfumu ndipo ikuyimira kupatulika kwa mfumu; ofiira ndi amtambo ali mbali zonse ziwiri, akuyimira nzika zaku Paris; nthawi yomweyo, mitundu itatu iyi ikuyimira banja lachifumu ku France komanso mgwirizano wamabungwe achi Paris. Amanenanso kuti mbendera ya tricolor inali chizindikiro cha French Revolution, kuyimira ufulu, kufanana, ndi ubale.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ku France ndi 63,392,100 (kuyambira Januware 1, 2007), kuphatikiza nzika zakunja 4 miliyoni, mwa iwo 2 miliyoni akuchokera kumayiko a EU, ndipo anthu osamukira kumayiko ena amafikira 4.9 miliyoni, kuwerengera 8.1% ya anthu onse mdzikolo . General French. 62% ya anthuwa amakhulupirira Chikatolika, 6% amakhulupirira Asilamu, ndipo ochepa a Aprotestanti, Achiyuda, Abuda, ndi Orthodox, ndipo 26% amati alibe zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo.

France ili ndi chuma chotukuka.Mu 2006, chuma chake chonse chinali US $ 2,153.746 biliyoni, ndikukhala pachisanu ndi chimodzi padziko lonse lapansi, pamtengo wokwana US $ 35,377. Gawo lalikulu la mafakitale limaphatikizapo migodi, zitsulo, chitsulo, kupanga magalimoto, komanso kupanga zombo. Zigawo zatsopano zamafakitale monga mphamvu za nyukiliya, petrochemicals, chitukuko cham'madzi, ndege ndi malo ogwirira ntchito zakhazikika mwachangu m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo gawo lawo lazogulitsa zamakampani likupitilizabe kukula. Komabe, gawo lazikhalidwe zamakampani likulamulirabe makampaniwa, ndi chitsulo, magalimoto, ndi zomangamanga monga mizati itatu. Gawo la mafakitale apamwamba mu chuma cha France likuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka. Mwa iwo, kuchuluka kwamabizinesi azamtokoma, zidziwitso, zokopa alendo ndi zoyendera zidakulirakulira, ndipo ogwira ntchito m'makampani ogwira ntchito amakhala pafupifupi 70% ya anthu onse ogwira ntchito.

Bizinesi yaku France imapangidwa bwino, ndipo zomwe zimapanga ndalama zambiri ndizogulitsa chakudya. France ndi yomwe imapanga ulimi waukulu kwambiri ku European Union komanso wogulitsa kunja kwaulimi ndi zina zapadziko lonse lapansi. Kupanga chakudya kumabweretsa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chakudya chonse ku Ulaya, ndipo zogulitsa kunja zimachokera ku United States padziko lapansi. France ndi dziko lodziwika bwino lokopa alendo, limalandira avareji oposa 70 miliyoni ochokera kunja chaka chilichonse, kupitirira anthu ake. Likulu, Paris, malo owoneka bwino m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Atlantic, ndi Alps zonse ndi zokopa alendo. Nyumba zakale zina zodziwika bwino ku France zili ndi chikhalidwe chamtengo wapatali padziko lonse lapansi. France ndi dziko lamalonda lalikulu padziko lonse lapansi, Pakati pawo, vinyo ndiwodziwika padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zogulitsa vinyo zimayika theka la zomwe zimatumizidwa padziko lapansi.

France ndi dziko lokonda zachikhalidwe. Pambuyo pa Kubadwanso Kwatsopano, panali olemba ambiri odziwika, olemba, ojambula, monga Molière, Voltaire, Rousseau, Hugo, ndi ena ambiri. Zimakhudza kwambiri dziko lapansi.

Zosangalatsa

Anthu aku France amakonda tchizi, motero nthano zosiyanasiyana za tchizi zimamvekanso pakamwa, ndipo zasungidwa kwazaka zambiri.

Normandy, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa France, kuli malo achonde kwambiri ku France, komwe kuli ziweto zokhala ndi nthaka yachonde kwambiri. Udzu wobiriwira umakhala wobiriwira ndipo zipatso zake zimakhala zambiri. Zomwe zimapangidwa pano mosakayikira ndizoyimira tchizi cha ku France, ndipo mbiri yake m'munda wazakudya ndizocheperako kuposa matumba achikopa a Louis Vuitton ndi mafashoni a Chanel.

Tchizi cha Camembert chakhala ndi mbiri yakale m'derali, zakhala zaka zoposa mazana awiri, ndipo zakhala zikusunga ukatswiri wazikhalidwe. Malinga ndi nthano, mayi wina wosauka adalandira chophikira cha Brie tchizi patangopita nthawi yochepa kuchokera ku French Revolution mu 1791 ndipo adalandira wansembe wopulumuka pafamu yake. Mkazi wosauka uyu adaphatikiza nyengo yakumaloko ndi nthaka yaku Normandy potengera chinsinsicho, ndipo pamapeto pake adatulutsa tchizi cha CAMEMBERT, chomwe chidakhala tchizi chotchuka kwambiri ku France. Anapereka chinsinsi cha Chinsinsi kwa mwana wake wamkazi. Pambuyo pake, munthu wotchedwa Ridel adalimbikitsa kupaka tchizi cha Camembert m'mabokosi amitengo kuti azinyamula mosavuta, motero chidatumizidwa padziko lonse lapansi.

Paris: Paris, likulu la France, ndiye mzinda waukulu kwambiri ku kontinenti ya Europe komanso umodzi mwamizinda yopambana kwambiri padziko lapansi. Paris ili kumpoto kwa France.Mtsinje wa Seine umadutsa mu mzindawu ndipo uli ndi anthu 2.15 miliyoni (kuyambira Januware 1, 2007), kuphatikiza 11.49 miliyoni mzindawu ndi madera ena. Mzindawu uli pakatikati pa Paris Basin ndipo uli ndi nyengo yofatsa yam'madzi, yopanda kutentha kwambiri chilimwe komanso kuzizira kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira.

Paris ndi mzinda waukulu kwambiri ku mafakitale ndi malonda ku France. Madera akumpoto makamaka ndimalo opanga. Ntchito zopanga kwambiri zimaphatikizapo magalimoto, zida zamagetsi, mankhwala, mankhwala, ndi chakudya. Kupanga kwa zinthu zapamwamba kumakhala kwachiwiri, ndipo kumakhala makamaka kumatawuni; zinthuzo zimaphatikizapo zida zamtengo wapatali zachitsulo, zopangidwa ndi zikopa, zadothi, zovala, ndi zina zambiri. Dera lakunja kwa mzinda ndilopadera pakupanga mipando, nsapato, zida zolondola, zida zowoneka, etc. Kupanga makanema mdera la Greater Paris (Metropolitan) kumabweretsa magawo atatu mwa anayi a makanema onse ku France.

Paris ndiye likulu la chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro aku France, komanso ndi mzinda wachikhalidwe padziko lonse lapansi. French Academy yotchuka yaku France, University of Paris, ndi National Scientific Research Center zonse zili ku Paris. University of Paris ndi amodzi mwamayunivesite akale kwambiri padziko lapansi, omwe adakhazikitsidwa ku 1253. Palinso malo ambiri ofufuza zamaphunziro, malo owerengera, malo owonetsera zakale, malo ochitira zisudzo, ndi zina zambiri ku Paris. Pali malaibulale 75 ku Paris, ndipo laibulale yake yaku China ndiyo yayikulu kwambiri. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi idakhazikitsidwa mu 1364-1380 ndipo ili ndi mabuku okwana 10 miliyoni.

Paris ndi mzinda wodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi wokhala ndi malo ambiri osangalatsa, monga Eiffel Tower, Arc de Triomphe, Elysee Palace, Palace ya Versailles, Louvre, Place de la Concorde, Notre Dame Cathedral, ndi George Pompidou National Culture and Art Pakatikati, ndi zina zambiri, ndi malo omwe alendo ochokera kumayiko ena komanso akunja amakhala. Kumbali zonse ziwiri za Mtsinje wokongola wa Seine, mapaki ndi malo obiriwira ali ndi madoko, ndipo milatho 32 imayenda mumtsinjewo, ndikupangitsa zokongola pamtsinje kukhala zokongola komanso zokongola. Chilumba chamzindawu chomwe chili pakatikati pa mtsinjewo ndi pomwe pamakhala malo obadwira a Paris. Marpille: Marseille ndi mzinda wachiwiri waukulu ku France komanso doko lalikulu kwambiri, wokhala ndi anthu 1.23 miliyoni. Mzindawu wazunguliridwa ndi zitunda zamiyala mbali zitatu, zokongola komanso nyengo yabwino. Marseille ili pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Mediterranean kumwera chakum'mawa, komwe kuli madzi akuya ndi madoko otakata, kulibe mafunde othamanga ndi mafunde, ndipo zombo za matani 10,000 zimatha kudutsa osadukiza.Mtsinje wa Rhone ndi zigwa zosanja kumadzulo kulumikizana ndi Kumpoto kwa Europe. Marseille ndi malo ofunikira ku France, komwe 40% ya mafakitale opangira mafuta ku France amakhala.Pali zotsukira zazikulu 4 zamafuta m'dera la Foss-Talbor, lomwe limatha kupanga matani 45 miliyoni amafuta chaka chilichonse. Makampani okonza zombo ku Marseille apanganidwanso.Volumu yake yokonza zombo ndi 70% yamakampani mdziko muno, ndipo imatha kukonzanso sitima yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - sitima ya matani 800,000.

Marseille ndi mzinda wakale kwambiri ku France. Unamangidwa m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi BC ndipo udalumikizidwa kudera la Roma mchaka cha 1 BC.Utatha, udatsala pang'ono kusowa, ndipo udadzukanso mzaka za 10th. Mu 1832, doko lotsatira linali lachiwiri kokha ku London ndi Liverpool ku England, kukhala doko lachitatu lalikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi panthawiyo. Munthawi ya French Revolution mu 1792, Amasai adapita ku Paris akuimba "Nkhondo ya Rhine", ndipo kuyimba kwawo kwachangu kudalimbikitsa anthu kuti amenye ufulu. Nyimboyi pambuyo pake idakhala nyimbo yadziko laku France ndipo idatchedwa "Marseille". Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, zombo zankhondo zaku France zomwe zidasonkhana padoko zidakana kudzipereka ku Nazi Germany ndipo zonse zidamira. Marseille adadabwitsanso dziko lapansi.

Bordeaux: Bordeaux ndiye likulu la dera la Aquitaine ndi chigawo cha Gironde kumwera chakumadzulo kwa France. Ndi malo abwino pagombe la Atlantic ku Europe. Doko la Bordeaux ndiye doko loyandikira kwambiri ku France kulumikiza West Africa ndi kontinenti yaku America komanso malo oyendetsa njanji ku Southwest Europe. Dera la Aquitaine lili ndi zachilengedwe zabwino kwambiri ndipo limathandiza pakukula kwa mbewu.Kulima kumakhaladi kachitatu mdziko muno, kulima chimanga kumakhala koyambirira ku EU, komanso kupanga ma foie gras ndikukonza malo oyamba padziko lapansi.

Mitundu ya vinyo wa Bordeaux ndi kapangidwe kake ndi zina mwazabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo mbiri yotumiza kunja ili ndi zaka mazana angapo. Pali mabizinesi 13,957 omwe amalima mphesa komanso opanga vinyo m'derali, omwe amapeza ndalama zokwana 13,5 biliyoni, zomwe zimatumiza ma 4.1 biliyoni. Dera la Aquitaine ndi amodzi mwamalo opangira zida zamagetsi ku Europe, komwe kuli antchito 20,000 ogwira nawo ntchito zamagetsi, antchito 8,000 omwe akukonzekera ndikupanga, mabizinesi akuluakulu 18, kupanga 30 ndi zoyendetsa ndege. Dera lino lili pamalo achitatu pantchito zogulitsa kunja zaku France. Kuphatikiza apo, mafakitale amagetsi, mankhwala, nsalu ndi zovala m'chigawo cha Aquitaine nawonso apangidwa kwambiri; pali nkhokwe zambiri zamatabwa komanso kuthekera kwamphamvu kwaukadaulo.