Hungary, the full name of the Republic of Hungary, covers an area of ​​93,030 square kilometers. It is a landlocked country located in central Europe. The Danube and its tributary Tisza run through the entire territory. It borders Romania and Ukraine to the east, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro (Yugoslavia) to the south, Austria to the west, and Slovakia to the north. Most areas are plains and hills. It belongs to a continental temperate broad-leaved forest climate with an average annual temperature of about 11°C.

The country is divided into the capital and 19 states, with 22 state-level cities. There are cities and townships below the state.

The formation of the Hungarian country originated from the eastern nomads-Magyar nomads. In the 9th century, they migrated westward from the western foothills of the Ural Mountains and the Volga Bay. They settled in the Danube Basin in 896 AD. In 1000 AD, Saint Istvan established a feudal state and became the first king of Hungary. The reign of King Matthias in the second half of the 15th century was the most glorious period in Hungarian history. Turkey invaded in 1526 and the feudal state was disintegrated. From 1699, the whole territory was ruled by the Habsburg dynasty. In April 1849, the Hungarian Parliament passed the Declaration of Independence and established the Hungarian Republic, but it was soon strangled by the Austrian and Tsarist Russian armies. The Austro-Hungarian Agreement in 1867 announced the establishment of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. After the First World War, the Austro-Hungarian Empire disintegrated. In November 1918, Hungary announced the establishment of a second bourgeois republic. On March 21, 1919, the Hungarian Soviet Republic was established. In August of the same year, the constitutional monarchy was restored and Horti’s fascist rule began. In April 1945, the Soviet Union liberated the entire territory of Hungary. In February 1946, it announced the abolition of the monarchy and established the Hungarian Republic. On August 20, 1949, the Hungarian People's Republic was established and a new constitution was promulgated. On October 23, 1989, in accordance with an amendment to the Constitution, it was decided to rename the People’s Republic of Hungary to the Republic of Hungary.

(Picture)

National flag: It is rectangular with a ratio of length to width of 3:2. From top to bottom, it is formed by connecting three parallel and equal horizontal rectangles of red, white and green. Red symbolizes the blood of patriots, and also symbolizes the independence and sovereignty of the country; white symbolizes peace and represents the people’s desire for freedom and light; green symbolizes Hungary’s prosperity and the people’s confidence and hope for the future.

Hungary has a population of 10.06 million (January 1, 2007). The main ethnic group is Magyar (Hungarian), accounting for about 98%. The ethnic minorities include Slovakia, Romania, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, German, and Roma. The official language is Hungarian. Residents mainly believe in Catholicism (66.2%) and Christianity (17.9%).

Hungary is a country with a medium level of development, with a good industrial foundation. Based on its own national conditions, Hungary has developed and produced some knowledge-intensive products with its own specialties, such as computers, communication equipment, instruments, chemicals and medicines. Hungary has adopted various measures to optimize the investment environment and is one of the countries that attract the most foreign capital per capita in Central and Eastern Europe. Natural resources are relatively scarce. The main mineral resource is bauxite, whose reserves rank third in Europe. The forest coverage rate is about 18%. Agriculture has a good foundation and occupies an important position in the national economy. It not only provides abundant food for the domestic market, but also earns a lot of foreign exchange for the country. The main agricultural products are wheat, corn, sugar beet, potato and so on.

Although Hungary is poor in resources, it has beautiful mountains and rivers, magnificent buildings and distinctive features. There are many hot springs here, and the climate is distinct in four seasons. Tourists from all over the world come here. The main tourist spots are Budapest, Lake Balaton, Danube Bay, and Matlau Mountain. Budapest, the capital, located on the Danube River, is a famous ancient city in Europe with unlimited scenery and the reputation of "Pearl on the Danube". Lake Balaton, the largest freshwater lake in Europe, is also a highlight that attracts a large number of tourists. In addition, Hungary's grapes and wines also add luster to this country, which is famous for its long history and mellow taste. Hungary's unique natural scenery and cultural landscape make it a major tourist country and an important source of foreign exchange for Hungary.

Budapest: An ancient and beautiful city sits on the Danube River. This is Budapest, the capital of Hungary, known as the "Pearl of the Danube". Budapest was originally a pair of sister cities across the Danube—Buda and Pest. In 1873, the two cities formally merged. The blue Danube winds from the northwest to the southeast, passing through the city center; 8 distinctive iron bridges fly over it, and a subway tunnel lies on the bottom, which tightly connects the sister cities.

Buda was established as a city on the west bank of the Danube in the first century AD. It became the capital in 1361, and all the Hungarian dynasties established their capitals here. It is built on the mountain, surrounded by mountains, undulating hills and lush forests. There are famous buildings such as the magnificent old palace, the exquisite fisherman’s bastion, and the cathedral. The villas on the hillside of Buda are dotted with scientific research institutions, hospitals and rest homes.

Pest was founded in the early 3rd century AD. It is located on the east bank of the Danube. It has a flat terrain and is a concentration of administrative agencies, industrial and commercial enterprises and cultural institutions. There are all kinds of tall buildings, ancient and modern, such as the Gothic Parliament Building and the National Museum. On the famous Heroes' Square, there are many groups of sculptures of great Hungarians, including stone statues of emperors and statues of heroes who have made great contributions to the country and the people. The group sculptures were built to commemorate the 1000th anniversary of the founding of Hungary, and they are exquisite and lifelike. There is a statue of the patriotic poet Petofi on the "March 15" square. Every year, young people in Budapest hold various commemorative activities here.

Budapest has a population of 1.7 million (January 1, 2006). The city covers an area of ​​more than 520 square kilometers and is the political, economic and cultural center of Hungary. The city's industrial output value is about half of that of the country. Budapest is also an important waterway transportation hub on the Danube and an important land transportation hub in Central Europe. Here is the country's largest comprehensive university-Roland University and more than 30 other institutions of higher learning. Budapest was greatly damaged in the two world wars, and all bridges on the Danube were rebuilt after the war. Since the 1970s, Budapest has been planned and constructed according to a new layout, housing and industrial areas have been separated, and government agencies have moved to the suburbs. Now its urban industrial distribution is more balanced, and the city is more prosperous and orderly than in the past.