Hongiriya, izina ryuzuye rya Repubulika ya Hongiriya, ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 93.030. Ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati.Danube n'umugezi wa Tisza unyura mu karere kose. Irahana imbibi na Rumaniya na Ukraine mu burasirazuba, Siloveniya, Korowasiya, Seribiya na Montenegro (Yugosilaviya) mu majyepfo, Otirishiya mu burengerazuba, na Silovakiya mu majyaruguru. Uturere twinshi ni ibibaya n'imisozi. Ni iy'ubushyuhe bwo ku mugabane w’ubushyuhe bw’ibibabi by’amashyamba hamwe n’ubushyuhe buri mwaka bugera kuri 11 ° C.

Igihugu kigabanyijemo umurwa mukuru na leta 19, hamwe n’imijyi 22 yo ku rwego rwa leta. Hano hari imijyi numujyi munsi ya leta.

Ishirwaho ryigihugu cya Hongiriya ryaturutse ku banyenduga b’iburasirazuba-Magyar. Mu kinyejana cya 9, bimukiye mu burengerazuba bava mu misozi y’iburengerazuba y’imisozi ya Ural n’ikirwa cya Wolga. Batura mu kibaya cya Danube mu 896 nyuma ya Yesu. Mu 1000 nyuma ya Yesu, Mutagatifu Istvan yashinze igihugu cya feodal maze aba umwami wa mbere wa Hongiriya. Ingoma y'Umwami Matiyasi mu gice cya kabiri cy'ikinyejana cya 15 nicyo gihe cyiza cyane mu mateka ya Hongiriya. Turukiya yateye mu 1526 maze leta ya feodal irasenyuka. Kuva mu 1699, agace kose kayoborwaga n'ingoma ya Habsburg. Muri Mata 1849, Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Hongiriya yemeje Itangazo ry’Ubwigenge ishyiraho Repubulika ya Hongiriya, ariko bidatinze yanizwe n’ingabo z’Uburusiya na Tsariste. Amasezerano ya Australiya-Hongiriya mu 1867 yatangaje ko hashyizweho Ingoma ya Australiya-Hongiriya. Nyuma y'intambara ya mbere y'isi yose, Ingoma ya Otirishiya na Hongiriya yarasenyutse. Ugushyingo 1918, Hongiriya yatangaje ko hashyizweho repubulika ya kabiri ya burugumesitiri. Ku ya 21 Werurwe 1919, hashyizweho Repubulika y'Abasoviyeti ya Hongiriya.Mu kwezi kwa Kanama muri uwo mwaka, ubwami bugendera ku itegekonshinga bwaragaruwe maze ubutegetsi bwa fashiste bwa Horti butangira. Muri Mata 1945, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zibohoye intara zose za Hongiriya.Muri Gashyantare 1946, yatangaje ko ubwami bwakuweho ndetse n'ishyirwaho rya Repubulika ya Hongiriya. Ku ya 20 Kanama 1949, hashyizweho Repubulika y'Abaturage ya Hongiriya maze hashyirwaho itegeko nshinga rishya. Ku ya 23 Ukwakira 1989, hakurikijwe ivugururwa ry'Itegeko Nshinga, hafashwe umwanzuro wo guhindura Repubulika y'Abaturage ya Hongiriya muri Repubulika ya Hongiriya.

(Ishusho)

Ibendera ry'igihugu: Ni urukiramende rufite igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bwa 3: 2. Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, byakozwe muguhuza ibice bitatu bisa kandi bingana buringaniye buringaniye bwumutuku, umweru nicyatsi. Umutuku ushushanya amaraso yabakunda igihugu, kandi ushushanya ubwigenge nubusugire bwigihugu; umweru ugereranya amahoro kandi ugereranya icyifuzo cyabaturage cyubwisanzure numucyo; icyatsi kigereranya iterambere rya Hongiriya hamwe nicyizere cyabaturage nicyizere cyigihe kizaza.

Hongiriya ifite abaturage miliyoni 10.06 (1 Mutarama 2007). Ubwoko nyamukuru ni Magyar (Hongiriya), bingana na 98%. Amoko mato arimo Slowakiya, Rumaniya, Korowasiya, Seribiya, Sloweniya, Ubudage n'Abaroma. Ururimi rwemewe ni Hongiriya. Abaturage bemera ahanini Gatolika (66.2%) n'Ubukristo (17.9%).

Hongiriya nigihugu gifite urwego ruciriritse rwiterambere, rufite umusingi mwiza winganda. Hongiriya, ishingiye ku miterere y’igihugu cyayo, itezimbere kandi ikabyara ibicuruzwa byibanda ku bumenyi hamwe n’ubuhanga bwabyo, nka mudasobwa, ibikoresho by'itumanaho, ibikoresho, imiti n’ubuvuzi. Hongiriya yafashe ingamba zitandukanye zo kunoza ibidukikije by’ishoramari kandi ni kimwe mu bihugu bikurura igishoro kinini cy’amahanga kuri buri muntu mu Burayi bwo Hagati n’Uburasirazuba. Umutungo kamere ni muto.Umutungo wingenzi wamabuye y'agaciro ni bauxite, ibigega byayo biza kumwanya wa gatatu muburayi. Igipimo cy’amashyamba ni 18%. Ubuhinzi bufite umusingi mwiza kandi bufite umwanya wingenzi mubukungu bwigihugu.Ntabwo butanga ibiryo byinshi kumasoko yimbere mu gihugu, ahubwo bininjiza amadovize menshi mugihugu. Ibicuruzwa byingenzi byubuhinzi ni ingano, ibigori, beterave yisukari, ibirayi nibindi.

Nubwo Hongiriya ikennye mubutunzi, ifite imisozi ninzuzi nziza, ubwubatsi buhebuje nibintu byihariye. Hano hari amasoko menshi ashyushye, kandi ikirere kiratandukanye mubihe bine. Ba mukerarugendo baturutse impande zose zisi baza hano. Ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa ni Budapest, Ikiyaga cya Balaton, Ikigobe cya Danube, n'umusozi wa Matlau. Umurwa mukuru Budapest, uherereye ku mugezi wa Danube, ni umujyi uzwi cyane mu Burayi, ufite ibyiza bitagira umupaka ndetse uzwi ku izina rya "Isaro kuri Danube". Ikiyaga cya Balaton, ikiyaga kinini cy’amazi meza mu Burayi, nacyo ni ikintu gikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi. Byongeye kandi, inzabibu na divayi bya Hongiriya nabyo byongera urumuri muri iki gihugu, kizwi cyane kubera amateka maremare n'uburyohe bworoshye. Ibidukikije bidasanzwe bya Hongiriya hamwe n’imiterere y’umuco bituma iba igihugu cy’ubukerarugendo n’isoko rikomeye ry’ivunjisha rya Hongiriya.

Budapest: Umujyi wa kera kandi mwiza wicaye ku ruzi rwa Danube. Uyu ni Budapest, umurwa mukuru wa Hongiriya, uzwi ku izina rya "Isaro rya Danube". Budapest yabanje kuba imijyi ya bashiki bacu hakurya ya Danube - Buda na Pest.Mu 1873, iyo migi yombi yarahujwe ku mugaragaro. Umuyaga w'ubururu wa Danube uva mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba ugana mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba, unyura mu mujyi rwagati; ibiraro 8 byihariye by'icyuma biguruka hejuru yacyo, kandi umuhanda wa metero urambaraye munsi, uhuza cyane imigi ya bashiki bacu.

Buda yashinzwe nk'umujyi ku nkombe y’iburengerazuba bwa Danube mu kinyejana cya mbere nyuma ya Yesu. Yabaye umurwa mukuru mu 1361, kandi ingoma zose zagiye zikurikirana zashinze umurwa mukuru wazo hano. Yubatswe kumusozi, izengurutswe n'imisozi, imisozi ihindagurika n'amashyamba atoshye.Hari inyubako zizwi nk'ingoro ishaje nziza, inzu y'abarobyi nziza, na katedrali. Inzu zo ku gasozi ka Buda zuzuyemo ibigo by'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, ibitaro n'inzu ziruhukiramo.

Udukoko twashinzwe mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 3. Iherereye ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba bwa Danube. Ni ahantu hahanamye kandi ni agace kegeranye n'inzego z'ubuyobozi, inganda z’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi n’ibigo ndangamuco. Hano hari inyubako ndende zose, za kera na kijyambere, nk'inyubako y'Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Gothique n'inzu ndangamurage y'igihugu. Ku kibuga kizwi cyane cy'Intwari, hari amatsinda menshi y'ibishusho by'Abanyangariya bakomeye.Hari ibishusho by'amabuye by'abami ndetse n'ibishusho by'intwari byagize uruhare runini mu gihugu no ku baturage. Ibishusho by'itsinda byubatswe mu rwego rwo kwibuka isabukuru y'imyaka 1000 Hongiriya imaze ishinzwe, kandi ni byiza kandi ni ubuzima. Hano hari igishusho cyumusizi ukunda igihugu cya Petofi ukunda igihugu cya "15 werurwe". Buri mwaka, urubyiruko i Budapest rukora ibikorwa bitandukanye byo kwibuka hano.

Budapest ituwe na miliyoni 1.7 (1 Mutarama 2006). Umujyi ufite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 520.Ni ikigo cya politiki, ubukungu n’umuco bya Hongiriya. Umujyi umusaruro w’inganda agaciro kangana na kimwe cya kabiri cyigihugu. Budapest kandi ni ihuriro rikomeye ryo gutwara abantu ku mazi kuri Danube kandi ni ihuriro rikomeye ryo gutwara abantu ku butaka mu Burayi bwo hagati. Hariho kaminuza nini nini muri kaminuza-Roland hamwe n’ibindi bigo birenga 30 by'amashuri makuru. Budapest yangiritse cyane mu ntambara zombi z'isi, kandi ibiraro byose byo kuri Danube byongeye kubakwa nyuma y'intambara. Kuva mu myaka ya za 70, Budapest yarateguwe kandi yubakwa hakurikijwe imiterere mishya, amazu n’inganda byatandukanijwe, ndetse n’inzego za leta zimukiye mu nkengero z’umujyi.Ubu igabanywa ry’inganda zo mu mijyi riraringaniza, kandi umujyi uratera imbere kandi ufite gahunda kurusha mu bihe byashize.