IHungary, igama eligcwele leRiphabhulikhi yaseHungary, ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-93,030. Izwe elingenamanzi elitholakala enkabeni yeYurophu.UDanube neTisza yalo yomfula badabula yonke indawo. Unqamula iRomania ne-Ukraine empumalanga, iSlovenia, iCroatia, iSerbia neMontenegro (iYugoslavia) ngaseningizimu, i-Austria entshonalanga, neSlovakia ngasenyakatho.Izindawo eziningi zingamathafa namagquma. Ngeyesimo sezulu esisezingeni eliphakathi nezwekazi esinezikhukhula ezinamazinga okushisa aphakathi nonyaka cishe angama-11 ° C.

Izwe lihlukaniswe inhlokodolobha kanye nezifundazwe eziyi-19, ezinamadolobha angama-22 asezingeni lombuso. Kunamadolobha namalokishi angaphansi kombuso.

Ukwakheka kwezwe laseHungary kwaqhamuka kubahambeli basemaphandleni abangoMzabalazo. Ngekhulu lesi-9, bafudukela entshonalanga besuka ezinhlangothini ezisentshonalanga zezintaba zase-Ural naseVolga Bay.Bahlala eDanube Basin ngo-896 AD. Ngo-1000 AD, uSanta Istvan wasungula umbuso wobukhosi futhi waba yinkosi yokuqala yaseHungary. Ukubusa kweNkosi uMatias engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-15 kwakuyisikhathi esihle kakhulu emlandweni waseHungary. I-Turkey yahlasela ngo-1526 futhi umbuso wamakhosi wahlakazeka. Kusukela ngo-1699, yonke le ndawo yayibuswa ubukhosi bakwaHabsburg. Ngo-Ephreli 1849, iPhalamende laseHungary laphasisa iSimemezelo Sokuzimela futhi lasungula iRiphabhulikhi yaseHungary, kodwa ngokushesha laklinywa ngamabutho aseRussia ase-Austrian naseTsarist. Isivumelwano sase-Austro-Hungarian ngo-1867 samemezela ukusungulwa koMbuso wase-Austro-Hungary. Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, uMbuso wase-Austro-Hungary wahlakazeka. NgoNovemba 1918, iHungary yamemezela ukusungulwa kweriphabhulikhi yesibili yonxiwankulu. Ngo-Mashi 21, 1919, kwasungulwa iRiphabhuliki YaseSoviet YaseHungary. Ngo-Agasti wonyaka ofanayo, ubukhosi bomthethosisekelo babuyiselwa futhi kwaqala ukubusa kobuHascist kobuFascist. Ngo-Ephreli 1945, iSoviet Union yakhulula yonke indawo yaseHungary.NgoFebhuwari 1946, yamemezela ukuqedwa kobukhosi futhi yasungula iRiphabhulikhi YaseHungary. Ngo-Agasti 20, 1949, kwasungulwa iRiphabhuliki Yabantu BaseHungary futhi kwamenyezelwa nomthethosisekelo omusha. Ngo-Okthoba 23, 1989, ngokuya ngokuchibiyela uMthethosisekelo, kwanqunywa ukuqamba kabusha iPeople’s Republic of Hungary kube yiRepublic of Hungary.

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Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande elinesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi obungu-3: 2. Kusukela phezulu kuye ezansi, yakhiwa ngokuxhuma onxande abathathu abalinganayo nabalinganayo ababomvu, abamhlophe nabaluhlaza. Okubomvu kufanekisela igazi labashisekeli bezwe, futhi kufanekisela ukuzimela nobukhosi bezwe; umhlophe ukhombisa ukuthula futhi umele isifiso sabantu senkululeko nokukhanya; okuluhlaza kufanekisela ukuchuma kweHungary nokuzethemba kwabantu nethemba lekusasa.

IHungary inabantu abayizigidi eziyi-10.06 (Januwari 1, 2007). Iqembu lesizwe eliyinhloko iMagyar (isiHungary), elibala cishe i-98%. Izinhlanga ezincane zihlanganisa iSlovakia, iRomania, iCroatia, iSerbia, iSlovenia, iJalimane neRom. Ulimi olusemthethweni isiHungary. Izakhamizi ikakhulukazi zikholelwa kubuKhatholika (66.2%) nakubukristu (17.9%).

IHungary yizwe elinezinga eliphakathi lentuthuko kanye nesisekelo esihle sezimboni. Ngokuya ngezimo zayo zikazwelonke, iHungary ithuthukise futhi yakhiqiza imikhiqizo equkethe ulwazi ngezinto zayo, njengamakhompiyutha, imishini yokuxhumana, izinsimbi, amakhemikhali nemithi. IHungary yamukele izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwenza ngcono indawo yokutshala imali futhi ingelinye lamazwe aheha inhlokodolobha yamazwe angaphandle kakhulu kumuntu ngamunye eMaphakathi naseMpumalanga Yurophu. Izinsizakusebenza zemvelo ziyindlala kakhulu.Omthombo omkhulu wamaminerali yi-bauxite, enezindawo zokugcina ezingaphansi kwesithathu eYurophu. Izinga lokumbozwa kwamahlathi cishe liyi-18%. Ezolimo zinesisekelo esihle futhi zisesikhundleni esibalulekile emnothweni wezwe.Azihlinzeki kuphela ngokudla okuningana emakethe yasekhaya, kepha futhi zuza imali eningi yezimali zangaphandle ezweni. Imikhiqizo yezolimo eyinhloko ukolweni, ummbila, isithombo sebhitrudi, amazambane nokunye.

Yize iHungary impofu ngezinsizakusebenza, inezintaba ezinhle nemifula, izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu nezici ezihlukile. Kuneziphethu eziningi ezishisayo lapha, futhi isimo sezulu sihlukile ngezinkathi ezine zonyaka. Izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba ziza lapha. Izindawo eziyinhloko zabavakashi yiBudapest, iLake Balaton, iDanube Bay, ne-Matlau Mountain. IBudapest, inhlokodolobha, esemfuleni iDanube, idolobha lasendulo elidumile eYurophu elinendawo engenamkhawulo nedumela le- "Pearl eDanube". ILake Balaton, ichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke lamanzi angenasawoti eYurophu, nakho okugqamile okuheha inani elikhulu lezivakashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagilebhisi newayini laseHungary nawo afaka ubukhazikhazi kulelizwe, elidume ngomlando walo omude nokunambitheka kwalo okuncane. Indawo eyingqayizivele yemvelo yaseHungary nezwe lamasiko liyenza izwe elikhulu lezivakashi futhi lingumthombo obalulekile wokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe kweHungary.

IBudapest: Idolobha lasendulo futhi elihle lihlala emfuleni iDanube.Leli yiBudapest, inhlokodolobha yaseHungary, eyaziwa njenge "Pearl of the Danube". IBudapest ekuqaleni kwakungamadolobha angodade ngaphesheya kweDanube — iBuda nePest. Ngo-1873, la madolobha womabili ahlanganiswa ngokusemthethweni. Umoya oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka weDanube usuka enyakatho-ntshonalanga uye empumalanga eseningizimu, udlula enkabeni yedolobha; amabhuloho wensimbi ahlukile ayandiza phezu kwawo, bese kuthi umhubhe ongaphansi komhlaba ulale ezansi, ohlanganisa ngokuqinile amadolobha odade.

IBuda yasungulwa njengedolobha elisogwini olusentshonalanga yeDanube ngekhulu lokuqala AD.Yaba inhlokodolobha ngo-1361, futhi wonke amakhosi aseHungary asungula inhlokodolobha yawo lapha. Yakhiwe entabeni, izungezwe izintaba, amagquma angadilizi amahlathi namahlathi aluhlaza.Kunezakhiwo ezidumile ezifana nesigodlo esidala esihle kakhulu, inqaba enkulu yabadobi, kanye nethempeli elikhulu. Izindawo zokuhlala egqumeni laseBuda zigcwele izikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi, izibhedlela namakhaya okuphumula.

Izinambuzane zasungulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-3. Itholakala ebhange elisempumalanga yeDanube. Iyindawo eyisicaba futhi iyindawo egxilile yezinhlaka zokuphatha, amabhizinisi ezimboni kanye nezezentengiselwano kanye nezikhungo zamasiko. Kukhona zonke izinhlobo zamabhilidi amade, asendulo nawesimanje, njengeGothic Parliament Building kanye neNational Museum. EHeroes 'Square edumile, kunamaqembu amaningi ezithombe zabantu baseHungary abakhulu, kufaka phakathi izithombe zamatshe zamakhosi nezithombe zamaqhawe anikele kakhulu ezweni nakubantu. Izithombe ezibaziwe zaleli qembu zakhiwa ukukhumbula iminyaka engu-1000 kwasungulwa iHungary, futhi zinhle futhi zinempilo. Kunesithombe sombongi oshisekela izwe uPetofi esigcawini esithi "Mashi 15". Njalo ngonyaka, abantu abasha eBudapest babamba imicimbi eyahlukene yokukhumbula lapha.

IBudapest inabantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.7 (Januwari 1, 2006). Idolobha lihlanganisa indawo engaphezulu kwamakhilomitha-skwele angama-520 futhi liyisikhungo sezombusazwe, sezomnotho nezamasiko saseHungary. Inani ledolobha elikhipha izimboni cishe liyingxenye yesilinganiso sezwe. IBudapest futhi iyindawo ebalulekile yokuhambisa amanzi eDanube kanye nehabhu elibalulekile lokuthuthwa komhlaba eCentral Europe. Nayi inyuvesi enkulu kunazo zonke yezwe-iRoland University kanye nezinye izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme ezingaphezu kwezingama-30. IBudapest yonakaliswa kakhulu ezimpini zomhlaba ezimbili, futhi wonke amabhuloho eDanube akhiwa kabusha ngemuva kwempi. Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1970, iBudapest ibihlelwa futhi yakhiwa ngokuya ngesakhiwo esisha, izindlu nezindawo zezimboni sezihlukanisiwe, nezikhungo zikahulumeni sezithuthele emaphethelweni edolobha.Manje ukusatshalaliswa kwazo ezimbonini zasemadolobheni sekulinganisiwe, futhi nedolobha lichuma futhi lihleleke kakhulu kunakuqala.