The full name of Australia is the Commonwealth of Australia. It is located between the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean. It is composed of the Australian mainland and Tasmania and other islands and overseas territories. It faces the Coral Sea and Tasman Sea in the east of the Pacific Ocean, and faces the Indian Ocean and its marginal seas in the west, north and south. The coastline is about 36,700 kilometers. Covering an area of ​​7.692 million square kilometers, it accounts for most of Oceania. Although it is surrounded by water, deserts and semi-deserts account for 35% of the country's area. The country is divided into three regions: the eastern mountains, the central plains and the western plateau. The country’s highest peak, Kosciusko Mountain, is 2,230 meters above sea level, and the longest river, Melbourne, is 3490 miles long. Lake Ayr in the middle is the lowest point in Australia, and the lake is 12 meters below sea level. On the eastern coast is the world’s largest coral reef ─ ─ the Great Barrier Reef. The north is tropical and most of it is temperate. Australia has a milder climate than Europe or the Americas, especially in the north, and the climate is similar to Southeast Asia and the Pacific. In Queensland, the Northern Territory and Western Australia, the average temperature in January (midsummer) is 29 degrees Celsius during the day and 20 degrees Celsius at night; while the average temperature in July (midwinter) is about 22 degrees Celsius. Degrees and ten degrees Celsius.

Australia is divided into 6 states and two regions. Each state has its own parliament, government, state governor and state prime minister. The 6 states are: New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania; the two regions are: the northern region and the capital municipality.

The earliest inhabitants of Australia were indigenous people. In 1770, the British navigator James Cook arrived on the east coast of Australia and announced that the British occupied the land. On January 26, 1788, the first British immigrants arrived in Australia and began to establish a colony in Australia. This day was later designated as Australia’s National Day. In July 1900, the British Parliament passed the "Australian Federal Constitution" and the "Regulations of the British Dominion". On January 1, 1901, the colonial regions of Australia were changed to states and the Commonwealth of Australia was established. In 1931, Australia became an independent country within the Commonwealth. In 1986, the British Parliament passed the "Act on Relations with Australia", and Australia was granted full legislative power and final judicial power.

National flag: It is a horizontal rectangle with a ratio of length to width of 2:1. The flag ground is dark blue, with red and white "米" on the upper left, and a large white seven-pointed star below the "米". On the right side of the flag are five white stars, one of which is a small star with five corners and the rest are seven. Australia is a member of the Commonwealth, and the Queen of England is Australia's head of state. The upper left corner of the national flag is the British flag pattern, indicating the traditional relationship between Australia and Britain. The largest seven-pointed star symbolizes the six states and federal districts (Northern Territory and Capital Territory) that make up the Commonwealth of Australia. The five small stars represent the Southern Cross (one of the small southern constellations, although the constellation is small, but there are many bright stars), which means "Southern Continent", indicating that the country is in the southern hemisphere.

Australia currently has a population of 20,518,600 (March 2006), and it is a country with a large area and sparsely populated area. 70% of the population is of British and Irish descent; 18% of people of European descent, 6% of Asians; indigenous people accounted for 2.3%, about 460,000 people. General English. 70% of residents believe in Christianity (28% believe in Catholicism, 21% believe in Anglican religion, 21% believe in Christianity and other denominations), 5% believe in Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and Judaism. The non-religious population accounts for 26%.

Australia is a typical country of immigrants, and is described by sociologists as a "national platter". Since the day when British immigrants set foot on this beautiful land, immigrants from 120 countries and 140 ethnic groups have come to Australia to earn a living and develop. The multiculturalism formed by many ethnic groups is a distinctive feature of Australian society.

Australia has a developed economy. In 2006, its gross national product reached 645.306 billion U.S. dollars, ranking 14th in the world, with a per capita value of 31,851 U.S. dollars. Australia is rich in mineral resources and is an important producer and exporter of mineral resources in the world. There are more than 70 types of proven mineral resources, among which the reserves of lead, nickel, silver, tantalum, uranium and zinc rank first in the world. Australia is well-developed in agriculture and animal husbandry, known as the "country on the back of the sheep", and is the world's largest exporter of wool and beef. Australia is also rich in fishery resources and is the third largest fishing area in the world. The most important aquatic products are prawns, lobsters, abalones, tuna, scallops, oysters, etc. Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in Australia. Famous tourist cities and attractions are all over Australia. Hobart’s Virgin Forest National Park, Melbourne Art Museum, Sydney Opera House, Wonders of the Great Barrier Reef, Kakadu National Park, the birthplace of aboriginal people, Aboriginal cultural area Lake Wilange and unique East Coast temperate and subtropical forest parks, etc., every year Both attract a large number of domestic and foreign tourists.

Ten million years ago, the Australian continent was separated from other continents and existed in isolation on the oceans of the southern hemisphere. For a long time, natural conditions have been relatively simple, and the evolution of animals has been slow, and many ancient species have still been preserved. For example, the big kangaroo with a pocket in the abdomen to keep cubs; the emu, which resembles an ostrich, has three toes and degenerate wings, and cannot fly; and the oviparous mammal platypus, etc., are rare animals unique to Australia.

Anecdote-Aboriginal people (also known as Aboriginal people) living in Australia still protect their customs. They live by hunting, and "boomerang" is their unique hunting weapon. Many of them still live in shack made of tree branches and soil, wrap a piece of cloth or cover their bodies with kangaroo skin, and like to tattoo or paint various colors on their bodies. Usually only paint yellow and white colors on the cheeks, shoulders and chest, and paint the whole body during festival ceremonies or festival singing and dancing. Tattoos are mostly thick lines, some are like raindrops, and some are like ripples. For indigenous people who have passed the rite of passage, tattoos are not only decorations, but also used to attract the love of the opposite sex. At the carnival ball, people wear colorful decorations on their heads, paint their bodies and dance collectively around the campfire. The dance is simple and reflects the hunting life.

Sydney: Sydney (Sydney) is the capital of New South Wales, Australia, and the largest city in Australia. It covers an area of ​​2,400 square kilometers and is located on the low hills surrounding Jackson Bay. Named after the British Secretary of the Interior at the time, Viscount Sydney. More than 200 years ago, this place was a wasteland. After two centuries of hard development and management, it has become the most prosperous modern and international city in Australia, known as "New York in the Southern Hemisphere".

Sydney’s most famous building is the Sydney Opera House. This sail-shaped building stands on the Benelang headland on the harbour. She faces the water on three sides, faces the bridge and leaning against the botanical garden, like a fleet of sailing ships, and giant white shells left on the beach. Since its completion in 1973, she has always been novel and graceful. Chuoyue is well-known in the world and has become a symbol of Sydney and Australia as a whole. The Sydney Tower in the city center is another symbol of Sydney. The golden appearance of the tower is dazzling. The tower is 304.8 meters high and is the tallest building in the southern hemisphere. Climb to the conical tower and look around to get a sweeping view of Sydney.

Sydney is an important cultural center in the country, including the first Sydney University (built in 1852) and the Australian Museum (built in 1836). The east port of the city is uneven and is a natural bathing place and a surfing resort. It is magnificent by drawing boats and colorful sails on the sea. Sydney is the country's largest economic center in Australia, with developed industry and commerce. The railway, highway and aviation network are connected with the vast inland, and there are regular sea and air routes connecting with countries in the world, which is an important gateway for Australia.

Melbourne: Melbourne (Melbourne) is Australia's second largest city. It is the capital of Victoria, known as the "Garden State", and is also a major industrial town in Australia. Melbourne is famous for its greenery, fashion, food, entertainment, cultural and sports activities. The green coverage rate of Melbourne is as high as 40%. Victorian buildings, trams, various theaters, galleries, museums, tree-lined gardens and streets constitute the elegant style of Melbourne.

Melbourne is a city full of vitality and joy. Although it does not have the magnificence of Sydney, the largest city, it is not like the quietness of other small Australian cities; it has everything from the diversity of culture and art to the beauty of nature In terms of satisfying sensory entertainment, Melbourne can even be said to be the highest in Australia. It has its own characteristics in art, culture, entertainment, food, shopping and business. Melbourne has successfully integrated humanity and nature, and has been The Washington-based International Population Action Organization (Population Action International) selected it as "the world's most livable city".

Canberra: Canberra (Canberra) is the capital of Australia, located in the northeastern part of the Australian Capital Territory, on the piedmont plain of the Australian Alps, across the banks of the Molangelo River. A residential area was built in early 1824, called Camberley, and in 1836 it was renamed Canberra. After the Federal District was established in 1899, it was placed under the Capital Territory. Construction began in 1913, and the capital was officially moved in 1927. The Federal Assembly was officially moved here from Melbourne, with a population of about 310,000 (June 2000).

Canberra was designed by the American architect Burley Griffin. The urban area is divided into two parts by the lake named after Griffin, with the Metropolis Mountain on the north side and the Capital Mountain on the south side, which gradually extends around this center. Centered on the new parliament building completed in May 1988, major government agencies and embassies and consulates of various countries are set up on the south side, which is the center of politics and diplomacy. On the north side, houses, department stores, and theaters are lined up in an orderly manner, quiet and elegant, making it obvious that this is a residential area.

The artificially built Lake Griffin in 1963 has a circumference of 35 kilometers and an area of ​​704 hectares. The Common Wells Bridge and Kings Bridge across Lake Griffin will connect the north and south parts of the city. connect them. In the middle of the lake, there is the "Fountain in Commemoration of Captain Cook" built to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Captain Cook's landing. The water column is as high as 137 meters when spraying water. There is a clock tower on Aspen Island in the lake. It was presented by the United Kingdom to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Canberra's foundation stone laying. Among them, the big clock weighs 6 tons and the small one weighs only 7 kilograms. The city is home to the Australian National University, St. John the Baptist’s Church, the Australian National War Memorial, Canberra Technical College and Higher Education College.