Cikakken sunan Ostiraliya shine weungiyar Ostiraliya. Tana tsakanin Kudancin Fasifik da Tekun Indiya.Wannan ya ƙunshi tsibirai da yankunan ƙasashen waje kamar babban yankin Australiya da Tasmania. Tana fuskantar Tekun Coral da Teku a gabashin Tekun Fasifik, kuma tana fuskantar Tekun Indiya da tekun ta yamma a yamma, arewa da kudu bakin tekun ya kai kimanin kilomita 36,700. Yana rufe yanki mai murabba'in kilomita miliyan 7.692, yana da mafi yawan Oceania.Koda yake an kewaye shi da ruwa, hamada da rabin hamada suna da kashi 35% na yankin ƙasar. An kasa kasar zuwa yankuna uku: tsaunukan gabas, filayen tsakiya da yankin yamma. Babban kololuwar kasar, Kosciusko Mountain, ya kai mita 2,230 sama da matakin teku, kuma mafi kogi mafi tsayi, Melbourne, yana da tsawon mil 3490. Tafkin Ayr da ke tsakiyar shine mafi ƙanƙanci a cikin Ostiraliya, kuma tabkin yana da mita 12 ƙasa da matakin teku. A gabar gabashin shine babbar murjani mafi girma a duniya ─ ─ Great Barrier Reef. Arewa tana da wurare masu zafi kuma mafi yawansu suna da yanayi mai kyau. Ostiraliya tana da yanayi mafi sauki fiye da Turai ko Amurka, musamman a arewa, kuma yanayin yana kama da Kudu maso gabashin Asiya da Pacific. A cikin Queensland, Arewacin Yankin da Yammacin Ostiraliya, matsakaita zafin jiki a watan Janairu (tsakiyar lokacin bazara) shine digiri 29 a rana da digirin 20 a daren; yayin da matsakaicin zafi a watan Yulin (tsakiyar tsakiyar) ya kai kimanin digiri 22 a ma'aunin Celsius. Digiri da digiri goma a ma'aunin Celsius.

An raba Australia zuwa jihohi 6 da yankuna biyu. Kowace jiha tana da nata majalisar dokoki, gwamnati, gwamnan jihar da firaminista na jiha. Jihohi 6 sune: New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, da Tasmania; yankuna biyu sune: yankin arewa da kuma babban birni.

Mutanen da suka fara zama a Australiya 'yan asalin ƙasar ne. A cikin 1770, mai ba da jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya James Cook ya isa gabar gabashin Australiya kuma ya ba da sanarwar cewa Turawan Ingila sun mallaki ƙasar. A ranar 26 ga Janairun 1788, Burtaniya ta farko da suka zo Australiya suka fara kafa mulkin mallaka a Australiya.Wannan daga baya aka sanya ta a matsayin Ranar Australiaasar ta Ostiraliya. A watan Yulin 1900, Majalisar Burtaniya ta zartar da "Tsarin Mulkin Tarayyar Australiya" da "Dokokin Mulkin Mallaka na Birtaniyya". Ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1901, aka canza yankuna mulkin mallaka na Australiya zuwa jihohi kuma aka kafa Commonwealth of Australia. A cikin 1931, Ostiraliya ta zama ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta tsakanin weasashe. A 1986, majalisar Burtaniya ta zartar da "Dokar kan Alaka da Ostiraliya", kuma an ba Ostireliya cikakken ikon yin doka da ikon yin shari'a na karshe.

Tutar ƙasa: isawataccen murabba'i mai murabba'i ne wanda ya yi daidai da tsawo zuwa nisa na 2: 1. Flagasar tuta shuɗi ne mai duhu, mai ja da fari "米" a hagu na sama, da kuma babban farin tauraro mai yatsa bakwai ƙasan "米". A gefen dama na tutar akwai taurari fararen fata guda biyar, ɗayan daga cikinsu tauraruwa ce mai kusurwa biyar sauran kuma masu nuna bakwai ne. Ostiraliya memba ce ta Tarayyar, kuma Sarauniyar Ingila ita ce shugabar Australia. Hannun hagu na sama na tutar shine samfurin tutar Burtaniya, wanda ke nuna alaƙar gargajiya tsakanin Australiya da Birtaniyya. Mafi girman tauraruwa mai yatsu bakwai alama ce ta jihohi shida da gundumomin tarayya (Yankin Arewa da Babban Birnin Tarayya) waɗanda suka haɗu da weasashen Australiya. Starsananan taurari biyar suna wakiltar Kudancin Kuros (ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan taurarin kudu, kodayake taurarin ba su da yawa, amma akwai taurari da yawa masu haske), wanda ke nufin "Kudancin Nahiyar", wanda ke nuna cewa ƙasar tana cikin yankin kudu.

A halin yanzu Ostiraliya tana da yawan jama'a 20,518,600 (Maris 2006), kuma ƙasa ce da ke da yanki babba kuma yanki ne da ba su da yawa. 70% na yawan mutanen daga asalin Biritaniya da Irish ne; 18% na mutanen asalin Turai, 6% na Asians; 'yan asalin sun kai kashi 2.3%, kusan mutane 460,000. Janar Turanci. 70% na mazauna sun yi imani da Kiristanci (28% sun yi imani da Katolika, 21% sun yi imani da addinin Anglican, 21% sun yi imani da Kiristanci da sauran ɗariku), 5% sun yi imani da Buddha, Islama, Hindu da Yahudanci. Adadin da ba na addini ba ya kai kashi 26%.

Ostiraliya ƙasa ce ta bakin haure, kuma masana zamantakewar al'umma sun bayyana ta a matsayin "kwanon abinci na ƙasa". Tun daga ranar da baƙin haure daga Burtaniya suka taka ƙafa a wannan kyakkyawar ƙasar, an sami baƙi daga ƙasashe 120 da ƙabilu 140 na duniya zuwa Australia don neman abin ci da ci gaba. Al'adar al'adu da yawa da kabilu da yawa suka kafa alama ce ta musamman ta zamantakewar Ostiraliya.

Ostiraliya na da ci gaban tattalin arziki.A cikin shekarar 2006, yawan kudin da kasar ke samarwa ya kai dala biliyan 645.306, wanda shi ne na 14 a duniya, tare da darajar kowane mutum na dalar Amurka 31,851. Ostiraliya tana da arzikin ma'adinai kuma ita ce muhimmiyar mai samarwa da kuma fitar da albarkatun ma'adinai a duniya. Akwai nau'ikan albarkatun ƙasa sama da 70 da aka tabbatar, daga cikinsu akwai gubar dalma, nickel, azurfa, tantalum, uranium da zinc a matsayi na farko a duniya. Ostiraliya ta ci gaba sosai a fannin noma da kiwo, wanda aka fi sani da "ƙasa a bayan tumaki", kuma ita ce ƙasar da ta fi fitar da ulu da naman shanu a duniya. Ostiraliya ita ma tana da arzikin albarkatun kamun kifi kuma ita ce yanki na uku mafi girma a duniya a duniya.Manyan kayayyakin cikin ruwa sun haɗa da prawn, lobsters, abalone, tuna, scallops, oysters, da dai sauransu. Yawon shakatawa yana ɗaya daga cikin masana'antun da ke haɓaka cikin sauri a Ostiraliya. Shahararrun biranen yawon shakatawa da abubuwan jan hankali duk suna cikin Ostiraliya. Hobart's Virgin Forest National Park, Melbourne Art Museum, Sydney Opera House, Wonder of the Great Barrier Reef, Kakadu National Park, wurin haifuwa na mutanen asali, yankin al'adun Aboriginal Lake Wilange da keɓaɓɓun Gabas ta Tsakiya masu yanayin yanayi da wuraren shakatawa na daji, da dai sauransu, a kowace shekara. Dukansu suna jan hankalin yawancin yawon bude ido na gida da na waje.

Shekaru miliyan goma da suka wuce, an raba nahiyar ta Australiya daga wasu nahiyoyi kuma ta kasance a keɓe kan tekun kudu na duniya. Na dogon lokaci, yanayin yanayi ya kasance mai sauƙi, kuma halittar dabbobi ta yi jinkiri, kuma yawancin jinsunan d have a har yanzu ana kiyaye su. Misali, babban kangaroo tare da aljihu a ciki don kiyaye 'ya'yan; emu, wanda yake kama da jimina, yana da yatsu uku da fika-fikai masu lalacewa, kuma ba zai iya tashi ba; kuma dabba mai shayarwa, da dai sauransu, dabbobi ne da ba a san su da Australia ba.

Mutanen Anecdote-Aboriginal (wanda aka fi sani da mutanen Aboriginal) da ke zaune a Ostiraliya har yanzu suna kiyaye al'adunsu. Suna rayuwa ne ta farauta, kuma "boomerang" shine makamin farautar su na musamman. Yawancinsu har yanzu suna zaune a cikin rumfar da aka yi ta da rassa da laka, an kewaye su da wani zane ko an rufe su da fatar kangaroo, kuma suna son yin zane ko zane kala a jikinsu. Yawancin lokaci ana zana launuka rawaya da fari ne kawai a kan kumatu, kafadu da kirji, kuma a zana jikin duka a lokacin bukukuwan biki ko raira waƙa da rawa. Tatoos yawanci layuka ne masu kauri, wasu kamar ruwan sama ne, wasu kuma kamar riɓaɓɓe.Don 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka tsallake lafazin wucewa, jarfa ba kayan ado ba ne kawai, amma ana amfani da ita don jawo soyayyar wani jinsi. A kwallon kwalliya, mutane suna sa ado iri-iri a kawunansu, suna zana jikinsu kuma suna rawa gaba ɗaya a bakin zango. Rawar tana da sauƙi kuma tana nuna rayuwar farauta.

Sydney: Sydney (Sydney) babban birni ne na New South Wales, Ostiraliya, kuma birni mafi girma a Ostiraliya.Yana da fadin kilomita murabba'i 2,400 kuma yana kan ƙananan tsaunuka da ke kewaye da Jackson Bay. An ba shi suna ne bayan Viscount Sydney, Sakataren Harkokin Cikin Gida na Burtaniya. Fiye da shekaru 200 da suka gabata, wannan wurin ya kasance kango. Bayan ƙarni biyu na ci gaba mai wuyar gaske da gudanarwa, ya zama birni mafi ci gaba na zamani da na duniya a Ostiraliya, wanda aka fi sani da "New York a Kudancin Hemisphere".

Babban shahararren ginin nan na Sydney ba wani bane illa Sydney Opera House.Wannan gini mai fasalin jirgin ruwa yana tsaye ne a saman Benelang headland a tashar. Tana fuskantar ruwan ta bangarori uku, tana fuskantar gada da jingina da lambun tsirrai, kamar tarin jiragen ruwa masu tafiya, da manyan fararen bawo da suka rage a bakin rairayin.Tun lokacin da aka kammala ta a 1973, ta kasance mai kirki da kyau. Chuoyue sananne ne a duniya kuma ya zama alama ta Sydney da Ostiraliya baki ɗaya. Hasumiyar Sydney da ke tsakiyar gari wata alama ce ta Sydney. Hasken zinariya na hasumiyar yana da haske. Hasumiyar tana da tsayin mita 304.8 kuma shine gini mafi tsayi a kudancin duniya. Hau zuwa hawan dutsen mai ban sha'awa kuma duba ko'ina don samun kyan gani game da Sydney.

Sydney muhimmiyar cibiyar al'adu ce a ƙasar, ciki har da Jami'ar Sydney ta farko (wanda aka gina a 1852) da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Australiya (wanda aka gina a 1836). Tashar tashar gabas ta birni ba ta da daidaito, kuma wuri ne na asali na wanka da kuma wurin hawan igiyar ruwa.Yana da kyau ta zana jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa masu launuka daban-daban a kan teku. Sydney ita ce babbar cibiyar tattalin arziƙin ƙasar a cikin Ostiraliya, tare da haɓaka masana'antu da kasuwanci. Hanyar jirgin kasa, babbar hanya da kuma hanyar jirgin sama suna da alaƙa da babbar ƙasar, kuma akwai hanyoyin ruwa da jiragen sama na yau da kullun da ke haɗuwa da ƙasashen duniya, wanda shine babbar ƙofa ga Ostiraliya.

Melbourne: Melbourne (Melbourne) ita ce birni na biyu mafi girma a Ostiraliya.Yana da babban birnin Victoria, wanda aka fi sani da "Garden State", sannan kuma babban gari ne na masana'antu a Australia. Melbourne sanannen santa ce, yanayin salo, abinci, nishaɗi, al'adu da wasanni. Matsakaicin yanayin koren filin jirgin sama na Melbourne ya kai kashi 40 %. Gine-ginen Victoria, trams, ɗakunan wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban, gidajen kallo, gidajen tarihi, lambun bishiyoyi da tituna sune kyawawan salon na Melbourne.

Canberra: Canberra (Canberra) ita ce babban birnin ƙasar Ostiraliya, wanda ke a arewa maso gabashin yankin Babban Birnin Australiya, a filin pedmont na tsaunukan Alps na Australiya, a hayin Kogin Molangelo. An gina wani yanki a farkon 1824, ana kiran shi Camberley, kuma a 1836 aka sake masa suna Canberra. Bayan an kafa Gundumar Tarayya a 1899, an sanya ta a ƙarƙashin Babban Birni. Ginin ya fara ne a cikin 1913, kuma an ƙaura da babban birni a hukumance a 1927. An ƙaura da Majalisar Tarayya a nan daga Melbourne, tare da yawan jama'a kusan 310,000 (Yuni 2000).

Canberra an tsara ta ne daga Ba-Amurken mai zanen Burley Griffin. Yankin birane ya kasu kashi biyu ta bakin tafkin da aka sanya wa suna Griffin, tare da tsaunin Metropolis a gefen arewa da Babban Dutsen a gefen kudu, wanda sannu a hankali ya faɗaɗa wannan cibiya. Tare da kammala ginin sabon majalisar dokoki a watan Mayu na 1988 a matsayin cibiyar, an kafa manyan hukumomin gwamnati da ofisoshin jakadanci da kananan ofisoshin ofisoshin kasashen kudu, wanda shine cibiyar siyasa da diflomasiyya. A gefen arewa, gidaje, manyan shagunan, da gidajen wasan kwaikwayo an jera su cikin tsari, nutsuwa da annashuwa, yana mai bayyana cewa wannan yanki ne na zama.

Tafkin Griffin wanda aka kirkira a shekarar 1963 yana da fadin kilomita 35 da fadin hekta 704. Babbar Gadar Wells da Gadar Sarakuna da ke tsallaka tafkin Griffin za su haɗa sassan arewa da kudu na birnin. haɗa su. A tsakiyar tabkin, akwai "Fountain a tunawa da Kyaftin Cook" wanda aka gina domin tunawa da cika shekaru 200 da saukar Kyaftin Cook. Rukunin ruwan ya kai mita 137 lokacin fesa ruwa. Akwai hasumiyar agogo a tsibirin Aspen a cikin tafkin. Kasar Burtaniya ce ta gabatar da shi domin tunawa da shekaru 50 da fara aza tubalin kafa kamfanin na Canberra. Daga cikin su, babban agogo yana da nauyin tan 6 kuma ƙarami yana da nauyin kilo 7 kawai. Garin yana da gida ga Jami'ar Universityasa ta Australiya, St. John the Baptist’s Church, Tunawa da Yaƙin Australianasa ta Australiya, Kwalejin Fasaha ta Canberra da Kwalejin Ilimi mafi Girma.