IMoldova, igama eligcwele leRiphabhuliki yaseMoldova, itholakala maphakathi neYurophu. Izwe elingenamanzi elinendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-33,800. Ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba iphakathi kwemifula iPrut neDniester. Unqamula iRomania entshonalanga, ne-Ukraine isenyakatho, empumalanga naseningizimu. Itholakala ethafeni, namagquma angadambuli, izigodi nezigodi, ukuphakama okuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-147. Ingxenye emaphakathi yiCordela Highland; izingxenye ezisenyakatho neziphakathi zingaphansi kwebhande le-steppe, kanti ingxenye eseningizimu iyindawo enkulu enotshani. Iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu yiNtaba iBalanesht entshonalanga, amamitha angu-430 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Kunemifula eminingi kepha eminingi yayo imifushane.ITransnistria nePrut yimifula emibili emikhulu kule ndawo. Izinsizakusebenza zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ziningi. Ihlathi lihlanganisa ama-40% wensimu kazwelonke, futhi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zomhlaba yi-chernozem. Inesimo sezulu esipholile sezwekazi. Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi ngu -3 ℃ to -5 ℃ ngoJanuwari nango-19 ℃ kuye ku-22 ℃ ngoJulayi.

Izwe lihlukaniswe izifunda eziyi-10, izifunda ezi-2 ezizimele (lapho isimo sesifunda sokuphatha ebhange langakwesokunxele seTransnistria singashintshi), nomasipala o-1 (Chisinau).

Okhokho baseMoldova yiDacias. Kusukela ngekhulu le-13 kuya kwele-14 AD, abakwaDacias kancane kancane bahlukana baba ngamaqembu amathathu: amaMoldova, amaWallachians kanye namaTransylvania. Ngo-1359, abaseMoldova basungula i-feudal duchy ezimele futhi kamuva baba ngaphansi kombuso wase-Ottoman. Ngo-1600, izifundazwe ezintathu zaseMoldova, iWallachia neTransylvania zathola ukuhlangana okufushane. Ngo-1812, iRussia yafaka ingxenye yendawo yaseMoroccan (iBessarabia) yangena endaweni yaseRussia. NgoJanuwari 1859, iMoldova neWallachia zahlangana zaba yiRomania. Ngo-1878, iSouth Bessarabia yabuye yaba ngeyeRussia. IMoldova yamemezela inkululeko ngoJanuwari 1918 futhi yahlangana neRomania ngoMashi. Ngo-June 1940, iSoviet Union yaphinde yakubeka kuleyo ndawo futhi yaba ngomunye wamariphabhuliki ayi-15 aseSoviet. Ngemuva kokuhlakazeka kweSoviet Union, iMoldova yamemezela inkululeko ngo-Agasti 27, 1991. NgoDisemba 21 wonyaka ofanayo, iMorocco yajoyina iCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Ngunxande ovundlile onesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi obucishe bube ngu-2: 1. Ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla, iqukethe onxande abathathu abame mpo: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuphuzi nokubomvu, kuphawulwe uphawu lwesizwe maphakathi. IMoldova yaba yiriphabhuliki yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union ngo-1940. Kusukela ngo-1953, iye yamukela ifulege elibomvu elinenkanyezi enezinkomba ezinhlanu, isikela nephethini lesando elinomugqa obanzi oluhlaza ohlangothini lwefulege. Ngo-June 1990, leli zwe laqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iMoldova Soviet Socialist Republic, kwathi ngoNovemba 3 kwasetshenziswa ifulegi lesizwe elisha. Izwe laqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iRiphabhuliki YaseMoldova ngoMeyi 23, 1991.

IMoldova inabantu abayizigidi eziyi-3.9917 (ngoDisemba 2005, ngaphandle kwabantu bendawo yase "De Zuo"). AmaMoldova enza u-65%, ama-Ukrainians ayi-13%, amaRussia angu-13%, amaGagauzi 3.5%, amaBulgaria angu-2%, amaJuda angama-2% namanye amaqembu ezinhlanga abe ngu-1.5%. Ulimi olusemthethweni isiMoldova, kanti isiRashiya kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Iningi labantu likholelwa eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox.

IMoldova izwe elibuswa ezolimo, futhi inani lalo elikhiphayo kwezolimo lisebenza cishe ngama-50% womkhiqizo wasekhaya ophelele. Ngo-2001, umnotho wakhula kahle. Izinsizakusebenza eziyinhloko izinto zokwakha, i-monetite, i-lignite, njll. Kunemithombo eminingi yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, eneziphethu zemvelo ezingaba ngu-2 200. Izinga lokumbozwa kwamahlathi lingu-9%, kanti izinhlobo zezihlahla eziyinhloko yi-tussah, Qianjin elm, nesihlahla seShuiqinggang. Izilwane zasendle zifaka i-roe, fox kanye ne-muskrat. Imboni yokudla yaseMoldova ithuthukiswa ngokuqhathaniswa, ikakhulukazi kubandakanya ukwenziwa kwewayini, ukwenziwa kwenyama nokwenziwa koshukela. Imboni ekhanyayo ikakhulu ifaka osikilidi, izindwangu nokwenziwa izicathulo. Ama-35% wemali engenayo yokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe incike ekuthekelweni kwewayini.

I-Chisinau: I-Chisinau (iChisinau / kishinev), inhlokodolobha yaseMoldova, isenkabeni yeMoldova, osebeni lweBek, oluyisizotha seTransnistria. Inomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwengu-500 futhi inabantu Izinkulungwane ezingama-791.9 (Januwari 2006). Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi ngu -4 ℃ ngoJanuwari nango-20.5 ℃ ngoJulayi.

IChisinau yaqoshwa okokuqala ngonyaka we-1466. Yayiphethwe nguStefan III (Grand Duke) esikhathini sokuqala futhi kamuva yaba ngeseTurkey. Phakathi nempi yaseRussia neTurkey ngo-1788, iChisinau yalimala kabi. IChisinau yathunyelwa eRussia ngo-1812. Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, yayingeyeRomania futhi yabuyela eSoviet Union ngo-1940. Ngo-Agasti 27, 1991, iMoldova yazimela futhi iChisinau yaba inhlokodolobha yaseMoldova.

IChisinau yalahlekelwa kakhulu ngesikhathi seMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba. Phakathi kwezakhiwo ezinkulu zasendulo kuleli dolobha, kwasala kuphela i-cathedral ne-Triumphal Arch eyakhiwe ngo-1840. Ezinye izakhiwo zesimanje zakhiwa ngemuva kwempi. Imigwaqo yedolobha ibanzi futhi ihlanzekile. Izakhiwo eziningi zakhiwe ngamatshe amhlophe qwa. Zinoveli ngesitayela futhi zihlukile ngomumo. Zizinhle kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezihlahla zesikhamore nezama-chestnut. Ngakho-ke, zaziwa ngokuthi "idolobha elimhlophe, imbali yamatshe" . Izithombe eziningi zosaziwayo zimi esigcawini nasengadini maphakathi nomgwaqo. Imbongi enkulu yaseRussia uPushkin nayo yadingiselwa lapha.

Isimo sezulu eChisinau sifudumele futhi sinomswakama, kunokukhanya kwelanga okuningi nezihlahla eziluhlaza. Akukho ntuthu nomsindo ovamile emadolobheni ezimboni, futhi imvelo inokuthula kakhulu futhi yinhle. Ezinhlangothini zombili zomgwaqo omkhulu osuka edolobheni uya esikhumulweni sezindiza, izindlu zokugcina amapulazi zisakazeke phakathi kwamasimu, zigcwele amasimu aluhlaza amakhulu nezivini ezingapheli.

IChisinau iyisikhungo sezimboni eMoldova. Ikhiqiza amathuluzi wokulinganisa, amathuluzi emishini, ogandaganda, amaphampu wamanzi, amafriji, imishini yokuwasha kanye nezintambo ezifakiwe. Kunezimboni zokupheka, zokugaya nezokucubungula ugwayi, kanye nezingubo nokwenza izicathulo. isitshalo. Ngaphezu kweyunivesithi ephelele, kukhona namakolishi wobunjiniyela, amakolishi ezolimo, izikole zezokwelapha, amakolishi othisha, amakolishi obuciko, kanye nezikhungo eziningana zocwaningo lwesayensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini eziningi, iminyuziyamu namahhotela ezivakashi.