I-Thailand, igama eliphelele le-Kingdom of Thailand, inendawo engaphezu kwamakhilomitha-skwele angama-513,000. I-Thailand isengxenyeni emaphakathi naseningizimu ye-Indochina Peninsula e-Asia, emngceleni weGulf of Thailand (Pacific Ocean) eningizimu-mpumalanga, i-Andaman Sea (i-Indian Ocean) eningizimu-ntshonalanga, iMyanmar entshonalanga nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga, eLaos enyakatho-mpumalanga, naseCambodia ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga. Indawo inabela ngaseningizimu eduze neKra Isthmus Ku-Peninsula yaseMalay, ixhunywe neMalaysia, futhi ingxenye yayo encane iphakathi kwe-Indian Ocean ne-Pacific Ocean. Isimo sezulu sezulu esishisayo. Unyaka uhlukaniswe izinkathi ezintathu: kushisa, imvula futhi kome. Isilinganiso sokushisa saminyaka yonke singama-24-30 ℃.

Izwe lihlukaniswe izifunda ezinhlanu: maphakathi, eningizimu, empumalanga, enyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga. Njengamanje kunezindawo ezingama-76. Uhulumeni uqukethe izifunda, izifunda kanye nemizana. IBangkok iwukuphela komasipala ezingeni lesifundazwe.

I-Thailand ineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-700 yomlando namasiko, futhi ekuqaleni yayibizwa ngeSiam. Ubukhosi bakwaSukhothai basungulwa ngonyaka we-1238 AD futhi baqala ukwakha izwe elinobunye. Ihlangabezane ngempumelelo nobukhosi bukaSukhothai, ubukhosi base-Ayutthaya, ubukhosi bakwaThonburi kanye nobukhosi baseBangkok. Kusukela ngekhulu le-16, iye yahlaselwa ngamakoloni anjengePortugal, iNetherlands, iBrithani neFrance. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, inkosi yesihlanu yobukhosi baseBangkok yamunca ulwazi oluningi lwaseNtshonalanga ukwenza izinguquko kwezenhlalo. Ngo-1896, iBrithani neFrance basayina isivumelwano esasithi iSiam iyisifundazwe esiphakathi kweBrithani Burma neFrance Indochina, okwenza iSiam yaba ukuphela kwezwe laseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elingazange libe ikoloni. Ubukhosi bomthethosisekelo basungulwa ngo-1932. Yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iThailand ngoJuni 1939, okusho ukuthi "umhlaba wenkululeko". Iphethwe yiJapan ngo-1941, iThailand yamemezela ukubusa kwayo emandleni e-Axis. Igama likaSiam labuyiselwa ngo-1945. Yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iThailand ngoMeyi 1949.

(Isithombe)

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande, linobude obude nobubanzi obungu-3: 2. Siqukethe onxande abayisihlanu ababomvu, abamhlophe nabaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bahlelwe ngokufana. Phezulu nangaphansi kubomvu, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kugxile, kuthi phezulu naphansi kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumhlophe. Ububanzi obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bulingana nobubanzi bamaxande amabili abomvu noma amabili amhlophe. Okubomvu kumele isizwe futhi kukhombisa amandla nokuzinikela kwabantu bazo zonke izinhlanga. IThailand ibheka ubuBuddha njengenkolo yombuso, kanti abamhlophe bamele inkolo futhi bufanekisa ubumsulwa benkolo. IThailand yizwe lobukhosi elisekelwa ngokomthethosisekelo, inkosi iphakeme, futhi okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumele umndeni wasebukhosini. Okugxilwe okwesibhakabhaka kufanekisela umndeni wasebukhosini phakathi kwabantu bazo zonke izinhlanga nenkolo emsulwa.

Inani labantu baseThailand liyizigidi ezingama-63.08 (2006). I-Thailand izwe elinezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene elinabantu abangaphezu kwama-30, lapho abantu baseThailand babamba u-40% wabantu bonke, abantu abadala babalwa ngama-35%, abakwaMalay ba-3.5%, kanti abantu baseKhmer babamba u-2%. Kukhona nezinhlanga zezintaba ezifana neMiao, Yao, Gui, Wen, Karen kanye neShan. IsiThai ulimi olukhulunywa ezweni lonke. IBuddhism inkolo yezwe laseThailand.Izakhamuzi ezingaphezu kuka-90% zikholelwa kubuBuddha.AmaMalay akholelwa enkolweni yobuSulumane, kanti abambalwa bakholelwa kubuProthestani, ubuKhatholika, ubuHindu nobuSikh. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amasiko aseThai, izincwadi, ubuciko nokwakhiwa cishe konke kuhlobene kakhulu nobuBuddha. Uma uhambela eThailand, ungabona izindela zigqoke izembatho eziphuzi namathempeli amahle yonke indawo. Ngakho-ke, iThailand inedumela le- "Yellow Pao Buddha Kingdom". IBuddhism yakhela izindinganiso zokuziphatha zamaThais, futhi yakhe isitayela esingokomoya esikhuthaza ukubekezelelana, ukuthula nothando lokuthula.

Njengezwe lendabuko lezolimo, imikhiqizo yezolimo ingomunye wemithombo emikhulu yaseThailand yemali engenayo yezimali zangaphandle, ikakhulukazi ekhiqiza irayisi, ummbila, umdumbula, irabha, umoba, ubhontshisi we-mung, i-hemp, ugwayi, ubhontshisi wekhofi, ukotini, uwoyela wesundu, kanye namakhukhunathi. Izithelo njll. Indawo yomhlaba elinywayo ingamahektha ayizigidi ezingama-20.7, ebala u-38% wendawo yomhlaba wezwe. I-Thailand ingumkhiqizi welayisi owaziwa emhlabeni wonke futhi othumela izinto kwamanye amazwe. Ukuthunyelwa kwelayisi kwamanye amazwe kungenye yemithombo emikhulu yaseThailand yemali engenayo yezimali zangaphandle, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwayo kubanga cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zokuthengiselana kwelayisi emhlabeni. IThailand futhi iyizwe lesithathu ngobukhulu elikhiqiza ulwandle e-Asia ngemuva kweJapan neChina, kanye nezwe elikhiqiza imfanzi ngobukhulu emhlabeni.

I-Thailand icebile ngemithombo yemvelo futhi ukukhiqizwa kwayo ngenjoloba kuqala emhlabeni. Izinsizakusebenza zamahlathi, izinsiza zokudoba, uwoyela, igesi yemvelo, njll. Nazo ziyisisekelo sokuthuthuka komnotho, ngezinga lokutholakala kwehlathi ngama-25%. I-Thailand icebile ngama-durians nama-mangosteens, aziwa ngokuthi "inkosi yezithelo" futhi "ngemuva kwezithelo". Izithelo zaseTropical ezifana ne-lychee, i-longan ne-rambutan nazo zidumile emhlabeni wonke. Ingxenye yokukhiqiza emnothweni wezwe waseThailand ibilokhu ikhula, futhi sekuyimboni enengxenye enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ingenye yezimboni ezinkulu ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Imikhakha emikhulu yezimboni yilezi: ezezimayini, izindwangu, i-elekthronikhi, amapulasitiki, ukucutshungulwa kokudla, amathoyizi, ukuhlangana kwezimoto, izinto zokwakha, ama-petrochemicals, njll.

I-Thailand icebile ngezinsizakusebenza zezokuvakasha. Bekulokhu kwaziwa "njengezwe lokumamatheka". Kunokuheha okungaphezu kuka-500. Okuheha izivakashi okuyinhloko iBangkok, iPhuket, iPattaya, iChiang Mai nePattaya. Izindawo ezintsha eziningi zabavakashi ezifana neLai, Hua Hin neKoh Samui zithuthuke ngokushesha. Iheha izivakashi eziningi zakwamanye amazwe.

IBangkok: IBangkok, inhlokodolobha yaseThailand, isendaweni engezansi yoMfula iChao Phraya namakhilomitha angama-40 ukusuka eGulf of Siam. Isikhungo sezombusazwe, ezomnotho, ezamasiko, ezemfundo, ezokuthutha kanye nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke ezweni. Inani labantu cishe liyi-8 million. AmaThais abiza iBangkok ngokuthi "Military Post", okusho ukuthi "Idolobha Lezingelosi". Lihumushe igama lalo eliphelele ngesiThai laya olimini lwesiLatin, elinobude bezinhlamvu eziyi-142, okusho ukuthi: "City of Angels, Great City, Residence of the Jade Buddha, Impregnable City, World Metropolis Given Nine Jewels" njll. .

Ngo-1767, iBangkok yakha kancane kancane ezinye izimakethe nezindawo zokuhlala. Ngo-1782, umbuso wobukhosi bakwaBangkok uRama I wasusa inhlokodolobha ukusuka eThonburi entshonalanga yoMfula iChao Phraya wayisa eBangkok empumalanga yomfula. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kweNkosi uRama II neKing III (1809-1851), kwakhiwa amathempeli amaningi amaBuddha edolobheni. Ngesikhathi seRama V (1868-1910), izindonga eziningi zedolobha laseBangkok zabhidlizwa futhi kwakhiwa imigwaqo namabhuloho. Ngo-1892, kwavulwa ithilamu eBangkok. IRamalongkorn University yasungulwa e1916. Ngo-1937, iBangkok yahlukaniswa yaba amadolobha amabili, iBangkok neThonlib. Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, amadolobha athuthuka ngokushesha futhi inani labantu nendawo yakhula kakhulu. Ngo-1971, lamadolobha womabili ahlangana neBangkok-Thonburi Metropolitan Area, eyaziwa ngokuthi iGreater Bangkok.

IBangkok igcwele izimbali unyaka wonke, inemibala futhi inemibala. Izitayela zaseThailand "eziqongweni ezintathu" izindlu ezijwayelekile eBangkok. ISanpin Street yindawo lapho amaShayina ahlangana khona futhi abizwa ngokuthi yiChinatown yangempela. Ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-200 yentuthuko, sekuyimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke futhi echuma kakhulu eThailand. Ngaphezu kwezindawo zomlando, iBangkok nayo inezakhiwo eziningi zesimanje nezindawo zabavakashi. Ngakho-ke, iBangkok iheha inani elikhulu lezivakashi minyaka yonke futhi isibe ngelinye lamadolobha achuma kakhulu e-Asia kwezokuvakasha. IBangkok Port iyitheku lamanzi ajulile ngobukhulu eThailand futhi ingenye yamachweba adumile okuthekelisa irayisi eThailand. IDon Mueang International Airport ingesinye sezikhumulo zamazwe omhlaba esinomthamo omkhulu kakhulu wezimoto eSoutheast Asia.