[Nyika Mbiri]

Venezuela, izita rakazara reBolivarian Republic yeVenezuela, ine nharaunda ye916,700 mativi emakiromita. Inowanikwa kuchamhembe kwechikamu cheSouth America kondinendi. Inoganhura Guyana kumabvazuva, Brazil kumaodzanyemba, Colombia kumadokero, uye Gungwa reCaribbean kuchamhembe. Kunze kwemakomo, dunhu rese rinongova mamiriro ekunze anotonhora ehuswa.Tembiricha inosiyana nekukwirana.Makomo acho akapfava uye mapani anopisa. Mwaka wemvura unobva munaChikumi kusvika Mbudzi gore rega rega, uye mwaka usina mvura unobva munaZvita kusvika Chivabvu. Iyo Angel Falls, iyo ine donhwe gurusa pasirese, inzvimbo inozivikanwa yekushanya. Nyanza Maracaibo ndiro nyanza hombe muLatin America.Inowanikwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero nenzvimbo yemakiromita mazana mana nemazana matatu emakiromita uye yakabatana neGulf yeVenezuela. Iyo marshland yakatenderedza nzvimbo yedziva inzvimbo inozivikanwa pasi rese inogadzira mafuta.

Nyika yakakamurwa kuita makumi maviri neshanu nyika, 1 guta dunhu, 2 miganhu matunhu (iyo Amazon uye Amacuro delta muganho matunhu) uye 1 federal ndima (inoumbwa nezvitsuwa makumi manomwe nezviviri). Kune matunhu akakosha (191) nemaguta (736) pasi pehurumende.

Munguva dzekare, kwaive kugara kwevaArawa nemaCaribbean maIndia. Yakava koloni yeSpain muna 1567. Kuzvitonga kwakaziviswa musi waChikunguru 5, 1811, uyezve pasi pehutungamiriri hwomusununguri weSouth America, Simon Bolivar, akazvisunungura zvachose kubva kuhutongi hweSpain munaJune 1821. Muna 1822, yakaumba "Greater Colombian Republic" neColombia, Ecuador nePanama. Yakabuda muna 1829. Iyo Federal Republic yeVenezuela yakavambwa mu1830. Muna 1864 yakanzizve United States yeVenezuela. Muna 1953, nyika yakapihwa zita rekuti Republic of Venezuela. Muna 1958, hurumende yebumbiro yakaitwa uye hutongi hwe literati hwakavambwa. Zvinoenderana nebumbiro remutemo rakatanga kushanda muna Zvita 1999, zita renyika rakashandurwa rikave "Bolivarian Republic yeVenezuela".

Mureza wenyika: Inoita rectangular ine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hwe3: 2. Kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi, inoumbwa nekubatanidza matatu akaenzana uye akaenzana akatwasuka matenderedzwa yeyero, bhuruu, uye tsvuku. Kune nyeredzi nomwe chena-dzakatariswa pakati pe mureza, dzakarongedzwa mune arc; kona yekumusoro kuruboshwe yakapendwa neiyo chiratidzo chenyika. Mavara matatu yeyero, bhuruu uye tsvuku anouya kubva kune iwo mavara eiyo yekutanga mureza weRepublic yeColombia. Nyeredzi nomwe dzakatariswa shanu dzinomiririra matunhu manomwe eVenzuelan Federation muna 1811 (mureza wekutanga). Pasi pekusimudzirwa kweMutungamiri Chavez, musi waKurume 7, 2006, iyo National Assembly yakapa zvigadziriso kumureza wenyika uye chiratidzo chenyika, ndokufunga kuwedzera mureza kubva pane nyeredzi nomwe kuenda kune nyeredzi sere. Nyeredzi ichangowedzerwa inomiririra dunhu reGuyana, rakabuda mukutonga kweSpain muna 1817 rikabatana muVenezuela. Masangano ehurumende anoshandisa mureza wenyika nechiratidzo chenyika, uye vanhuwo zvavo vanoshandisa mureza wenyika vasina chiratidzo chenyika.

Vagari veBolivia vane 26.56 mamirioni (2005). Indo -European marudzi akasanganiswa ane 58%, vachena 29%, vatema 11%, uye maIndia 2%. Mutauro wepamutemo chiSpanish. 98% yevagari vanotenda muchiKaturike, uye 1.5% yevagari vanotenda muchiKristu.

Bolivia ndeimwe yehupfumi hwakasimukira muLatin America. Iyo indasitiri yepeturu ndiyo hupenyu hwenyika yehupfumi hwenyika, nyika yechishanu pakukura mafuta asina mafuta, uye nyika yega yeLatin America pakati penhengo dzeOrganisation yePetroleum Exporting Nyika. Iwo maindasitiri zvikamu zvesimbi, kuchera, simba remagetsi, kugadzira, kuvaka, petrochemical uye machira zvakawedzera nekukurumidza. Zvekurima zviri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, uye chikafu hachigone kuzvikwanira. Akapfuma mune zvicherwa zviwanikwa. Akaratidza mafuta ekuchengetera ane 87.621 mabhiriyoni emabhiramu, emulsified oiri (Natural asphalt) matura ari 3.1 mabhiriyoni emabharani, gasi rekuchengetedzwa ari 4.19 trillion cubic metres, resimbi ore matura ari 4.222 mabhiriyoni matani, bauxite matura ari mabhiriyoni mashanu matani, uye marasha akachengetwa matani bhiriyoni. , Iyo goridhe matura ari zviuru gumi zvematani. Uye zvakare, kune zviwanikwa zvemamineral senge nickel nedhaimani. Simba remvura uye zviwanikwa zvesango zvakawandisa, iine huwandu hwehuwandu hwemasango hwe56%. Iwo makuru maindasitiri zvikamu zvinosanganisira peturu, simbi ore, kuvaka, kugadzira simbi, aluminium simbi, magetsi, gungano remotokari, kugadzira chikafu, machira, nezvimwe. Pakati pavo, iyo petroleum chikamu indasitiri yembiru yehupfumi hwenyika, inoburitsa zuva nezuva mamirioni 3.378.

[Maguta makuru]

Caracas: Caracas ndiro guta guru reVenezuela uye guta guru reFederal District. Haisi yezvematongerwo enyika chete, zveupfumi, zvetsika, uye zvemari. Iyo yepakati zvakare iri rakakurumbira nhoroondo nhoroondo muSouth America. Mupata wakakomberedzwa nemakomo pamativi matatu kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba kweGomo reAvila pamahombekombe eGungwa reCaribbean.Iyo iri munzvimbo dzinopisa, 1000 metres pamusoro pegungwa, uye ine mamiriro ekunze akapfava, kunge mwaka wechirimo gore rese. Iyo ine inoyevedza nzvimbo uye inozivikanwa zvakare se "Guta guru reTianfu". Iyo yemadhorobha nzvimbo inovhara nzvimbo ye1930 mativi emakiromita ane huwandu hwevanhu vane mamirioni e3.22 (2000).

Caracas yakavambwa muna 1567, uye guta rakasarudzwa kuve guta guru mushure mekunge Venezuela yasununguka muna 1811. Nharaunda yemadhorobha inomhanya kumabvazuva-kumadokero, ichitevera rakakura Avila Valley; kuchamhembe ndiyo tsoka yekuchamhembe kweAvila Mountain, iri padyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa, uye kumaodzanyemba kune zvinyoro nyoro nemakomo akaderera. Kunze kwezvivakwa zvekare uye "nhare", kune mazhinji ezvivakwa zvepamusoro zvemazuva ano, mamuseum, uye makoreji muguta, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yemaguta emazuva ano muSouth America uye guta rakakura kwazvo munyika.

Caracas iguta rekumusha kwaSimon Bolivar, gamba reSouth America richirwira rusununguko rwenyika muzana ramakore rechi19 uye baba veVenezuela. Pakati peMuti wakakomberedzwa neBolivar Plaza, panomira chifananidzo chendarira cheBolivar nebanga neheti. Kumadokero kweguta kune "Bolivar Center", pamwe neYunivhesiti yeBolivar uye neBolivar Avenue yakabatikana. Mira. Kune chivakwa cheparamende munzvimbo yedhorobha, iyo vanhu vanodaidza kuti "Capitol Hill" .Kusiri kure ndiyo inozivikanwa "Golden House", uko kwese kwese zvishongo zviripo. Iyo 50-nhurikidzwa skyscraper muCentral Park ndicho chigaro chemasangano epakati ehurumende. Kune magadheni emigwagwa kwese kwese muguta.Redwood Park iri munzvimbo yekona katatu panosangana migwagwa miviri.Miti yakasvibira, huswa nematsime mupaki zvinoita chiitiko.Pane Makudu, Azul, Naiguada uye Xiaojia padyo. Lagas Beach inokwezva vashanyi.