[Iprofayile yelizwe]

IVenezuela, igama elipheleleyo leRiphabhlikhi yaseRiphabhliki yaseVenezuela, inommandla we-916,700 yeekhilomitha. Ime kwinxalenye esemantla yelizwekazi lase Mzantsi Melika. Imida iGuyana empuma, iBrazil emazantsi, iColombia ngasentshona, kunye noLwandle lweCaribbean ngasentla. Ngaphandle kweentaba, lo mmandla uyimozulu enengca yetropiki.Iqondo lobushushu liyahluka ngobude.Iintaba zipholile kwaye amathafa ashushu. Ixesha lemvula liqala ngoJuni ukuya kuNovemba rhoqo ngonyaka, kwaye ixesha elomileyo lisukela kuDisemba ukuya kuMeyi. I-Angel Falls, eyeyona inkulu ehlabathini, inomtsalane kubakhenkethi. ILake Maracaibo lelona chibi likhulu kwiLatin America.Imi kumntla-ntshona kunye ne-14,300 yeekhilomitha zesikwere kwaye idityaniswe neGulf of Venezuela. Umgxobhozo ojikeleze eli chibi yindawo edume ngokuvelisa ioyile.

Ilizwe lahlulwe langamazwe angama-21, ingingqi eyi-1, imimandla emi-2 yomda (iAmazon kunye neAm Amacuro delta kwimimandla) kunye nommandla omanyeneyo om-1 (ubunjwe ziziqithi ezingama-72). Kukho izithili ezizodwa (191) kunye nezixeko (736) eziphantsi korhulumente.

Kumaxesha amandulo, yayihlala ama-Arawa kunye namaNdiya aseCaribbean. Yaba yithanga laseSpain ngo-1567. Inkululeko yabhengezwa ngoJulayi 5, 1811, emva koko phantsi kobunkokheli benkululeko yo Mzantsi Melika, uSimon Bolivar, wayekhululeke ngokupheleleyo kulawulo lobukoloniyali baseSpain ngoJuni 1821. Ngo-1822, yabumba "iRiphabhlikhi eNkulu yaseColombia" kunye neColombia, i-Ecuador nePanama. Yaphuma ngo-1829. IRiphabhlikhi yase-Venezuela yasekwa ngo-1830. Ngo-1864 yabizwa ngokuba yi-United States yaseVenezuela. Ngo-1953, eli lizwe labizwa ngokuba yiRiphabhlikhi yaseVenezuela. Ngo-1958, urhulumente wezomgaqo-siseko wazalisekiswa kwaye urhulumente we-literati wasekwa. Ngokomgaqo-siseko owaqala ukusebenza ngeyoMnga ngo-1999, igama lelizwe latshintshwa labizwa ngokuba yi "Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela".

Iflegi yesizwe: Yixande kunye nomyinge wobude kububanzi be-3: 2. Ukusuka phezulu kuye ezantsi, yenziwa ngokudibanisa oonxantathu abathathu abalinganayo nabalinganayo abathe tyaba, buluhlaza, kunye nobomvu. Kukho iinkwenkwezi ezisixhenxe ezimhlophe ezimhlophe zisixhenxe embindini weflegi, ezilungiswe kwi-arc; ikona ephezulu yasekhohlo ipeyintwe ngomqondiso wesizwe Imibala emithathu emthubi, eblowu kunye nobomvu ivela kwimibala yeflegi yoqobo yeRiphabhlikhi yaseColombia. Iinkwenkwezi ezisixhenxe ezinamanqaku amahlanu zimele amaphondo asixhenxe eVenezuela Federation ngo-1811 (iflegi yoqobo). Phantsi kokonyuselwa kuka-Mongameli Chavez, nge-7 ka-Matshi 2006, iNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yaphumeza izilungiso kwiflegi yesizwe kunye nomfuziselo wesizwe, kwaye yagqiba kwelokuba inyuse iflegi ukusuka kwiinkwenkwezi ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-8. Inkwenkwezi esandula ukongezwa imele iphondo laseGuyana, elavela kumthetho waseSpain ngo-1817 laza lahlanganiselwa eVenezuela. Iiarhente zikarhulumente zisebenzisa iflegi yesizwe kunye nomfuziselo wesizwe, kwaye abantu basebenzise iflegi yesizwe ngaphandle komqondiso wesizwe.

Inani labantu baseBolivia li-26.56 yezigidi (2005). Iintlanga ezi-Indo-zaseYurophu ezixutywe ngama-58%, abamhlophe abangama-29%, abamnyama abayi-11%, kunye namaNdiya ama-2%. Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni sisiSpanish. I-98% yabahlali bakholelwa kubuKatolika, kwaye i-1.5% yabahlali bakholelwa kubuKrestu.

IBolivia yenye yezoqoqosho oluphucukileyo kwiLatin America. Umzi-mveliso wepetroleum uligazi lobomi kuqoqosho lwesizwe, ilizwe elithumela kumazwe angaphandle i-oyile ekrwada enkulu, kwaye kuphela kwelizwe laseLatin America phakathi kwamalungu oMbutho waMazwe aThumela iiPetroleum kumazwe. Amacandelo amashishini esinyithi, ezemigodi, amandla ombane, imveliso, ulwakhiwo, petrochemical kunye nelaphu ziye zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza. Ezolimo zikhula kancinci, kwaye ukutya akunako ukuzimela. Ucebile kwimithombo yamaminerali. Ugcino lweoyile oluqinisekisiweyo yimiphanda ezibhiliyoni ezingama-87.621, ioyile emulsified (i-asphalt yendalo) yimiqolo yeebhiliyoni eziyi-3.1, oovimba begesi yendalo bayi-4.19 trillion cubic metres, ore ore iron yi-4.222 yezigidigidi zeetoni, oovimba be-bauxite ziitoni ezibhiliyoni ezi-5, kwaye oovimba bamalahle ziitoni ezili-1 lezigidi. , Oovimba begolide ziitoni ezingama-10,000. Ukongeza, kukho izibonelelo zezimbiwa ezifana ne-nickel kunye nedayimane. Amandla wamanzi kunye nezixhobo zehlathi nazo zininzi, ngenqanaba lokugubungela amahlathi ngama-56%. Amacandelo aphambili kwimizi-mveliso abandakanya i-petroleum, i-iron ore, ulwakhiwo, i-steelmaking, i-aluminummaking, amandla ombane, indibano yeemoto, ukwenziwa kokutya, amalaphu, njl. Phakathi kwabo, icandelo le-petroleum lishishini leentsika zoqoqosho lwesizwe, elinemveliso yemihla ngemihla yezigidi ezingama-3.378 ezigidi.

[Iidolophu eziphambili]

ICaracas: ICaracas likomkhulu laseVenezuela kunye nekomkhulu leSithili seFederal. Ayisiyiyo yezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, inkcubeko kunye nezemali zeli kuphela. Eli ziko likwangumzi odumileyo wembali eMzantsi Merika. Yintlambo ejikelezwe ziintaba emacaleni omathathu emazantsi eNtaba iAvila kunxweme loLwandle lweCaribbean.Ifumaneka kwiitropiki, iimitha ezili-1000 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle, kwaye inemozulu epholileyo, njengentwasahlobo unyaka wonke. Inobuhle obuhle kwaye ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "Capital of Tianfu". Indawo yedolophu igubungela indawo yeekhilomitha ezili-1930 zesikwere kunye nabemi abazizigidi eziyi-3.22 (2000). I-Caracas yasekwa ngo-1567, kwaye isixeko sabekwa njengekomkhulu emva kokuba iVenezuela yazimela ngo-1811. Indawo yasezidolophini ibalekela empuma-ntshona, ilandela i-Avila Valley entle; emantla yinyani esemantla yeNtaba iAvila, ekufutshane nonxweme, kwaye emazantsi ngamathambeka athambileyo kunye neenduli eziphantsi. Ukongeza kwizakhiwo zakudala kunye "neenqaba" esixekweni, zininzi izakhiwo zangoku eziphakamileyo, iimyuziyam kunye neekholeji kunye neeyunivesithi, ezenza ukuba ibe yenye yezixeko ezikhulu zale mihla eMzantsi Melika kunye nesona sixeko sikhulu elizweni.

ICaracas yidolophu yakuloSimon Bolivar, iqhawe laseMzantsi Melika elilwela inkululeko yelizwe ngenkulungwane ye-19 kunye noyise waseVenezuela. Embindini weBolivar Plaza enomthi, kukho umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wobhedu weBolivar ngemela nomnqwazi.Ntshona entshona esixekweni yi "Bolivar Centre", kunye neYunivesithi yaseBolivar kunye neBolivar Avenue exakekileyo. Yima. Kukho isakhiwo sepalamente esisembindini wedolophu, abathi abantu basibiza ngokuba yi "Capitol Hill". Akukho kude kude le yaziwa njenge "Golden House", apho zonke iintlobo zezacholo zikhona. Isakhiwo esinezikwere ezinemigangatho engama-50 kwiCentral Park sisihlalo sabaphathiswa bakarhulumente. Kukho iigadi zesitalato kuyo yonke indawo esixekweni.I-Redwood Park ikwindawo kanxantathu apho iindlela ezimbini zinqumla khona.Imithi eluhlaza, ingca kunye nemithombo epakini yenza indawo.kukho iMakudu, iAzul, iNaiguada kunye neXiaojia kufutshane. ILagas Beach ngumtsalane kubakhenkethi.