Vietnam, izina ryuzuye rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Vietnam, ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 329.500. Iherereye mu burasirazuba bw'igice cy'Ubuhinde n'Ubushinwa, ihana imbibi n'Ubushinwa mu majyaruguru, Laos na Kamboje mu burengerazuba, n'Inyanja y'Ubushinwa y'Amajyepfo mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo.Inyanja ifite uburebure bwa kilometero zirenga 3260. Vietnam ifite ubutaka burebure kandi bugufi, kilometero 1600 z'uburebure uva mu majyaruguru ugana mu majyepfo, na kilometero 50 ahantu hafunganye kuva iburasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba. Ubutaka bwa Vietnam ni burebure mu burengerazuba no hasi mu burasirazuba.Ibice bitatu bya teritwari ni imisozi n'ibibaya. Amajyaruguru n'amajyaruguru y'uburengerazuba ni imisozi miremire n'ibibaya. Umusozi wo hagati wa Changshan uva mu majyaruguru ugana mu majyepfo. Inzuzi nini ni uruzi rutukura mu majyaruguru n'umugezi wa Mekong mu majyepfo. Umugezi utukura na Delta ya Mekong ni ibibaya. Mu 1989, ishyamba ryigihugu ryagize ubuso bwa kilometero kare 98.000. Vietnam iherereye mu majyepfo ya Tropic ya Kanseri, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imvura, hamwe n'ikirere gishyuha. Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe buri mwaka ni 24 ℃. Impuzandengo yimvura yumwaka ni mm 1500-2000. Amajyaruguru agabanyijemo ibihe bine: impeshyi, icyi, impeshyi nimbeho. Hariho ibihe bibiri bitandukanye by'imvura no gukama mu majyepfo.Mu turere twinshi, igihe cy'imvura ni kuva muri Gicurasi kugeza Ukwakira, naho igihe cy'izuba ni guhera mu Gushyingo kugeza Mata.

Vietnam igabanijwemo intara 59 namakomine 5.

Vietnam yabaye igihugu cya feodal muri 968 nyuma ya Yesu. Vietnam yabaye umurinzi w’Ubufaransa mu 1884, yatewe n’Ubuyapani mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Mu 1945, Ho Chi Minh yatangaje ko hashyizweho Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Vietnam. Vietnam imaze kugera kuri "Intsinzi ikomeye ya Dien Bien Phu" muri Gicurasi 1954, Ubufaransa bwahatiwe gushyira umukono ku masezerano i Geneve ku bijyanye no kugarura amahoro muri Indochina. Amajyaruguru ya Vietnam yarabohowe, kandi amajyepfo yari agitegekwa n'Ubufaransa (nyuma ubutegetsi bwa Vietnam y'Amajyepfo bushyigikiwe na Amerika). Muri Mutarama 1973, Vietnam na Amerika byashyize umukono ku masezerano y'i Paris yerekeye guhagarika intambara no kugarura amahoro.Mwa Werurwe muri uwo mwaka, ingabo z’Amerika zavuye mu majyepfo ya Vietnam. Muri Gicurasi 1975, Amajyepfo ya Vietnam yarabohowe burundu, kandi Intambara yo Kurwanya Amerika n'Intambara y'Agakiza y'igihugu yatsinze byimazeyo. Muri Nyakanga 1976, Vietnam yageze mu majyaruguru no mu majyepfo, maze igihugu cyitwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Vietnam.

Ibendera ry'igihugu: Itegeko Nshinga rya Vietnam riteganya: "Ibendera ry’igihugu cya Repubulika y’Abasosiyalisiti ya Vietnam ni urukiramende, ubugari bwacyo ni bibiri bya gatatu by'uburebure, kandi hari inyenyeri ya zahabu ifite amanota atanu hagati y’umutuku." Bikunze kwitwa ibendera ritukura rya Venusi. Ubutaka bwibendera butukura, kandi hagati yibendera ni inyenyeri eshanu zifite inyenyeri. Umutuku ushushanya impinduramatwara no gutsinda.Inyenyeri eshanu zifite zahabu zigereranya ubuyobozi bw'ishyaka ry'abakozi rya Vietnam muri iki gihugu. Amahembe atanu y'inyenyeri eshanu agereranya abakozi, abahinzi, abasirikare, abanyabwenge, n'urubyiruko.

Abaturage bose ba Vietnam barenga miliyoni 84. Vietnam ni igihugu cy’amoko menshi gifite amoko 54. Muri bo, ubwoko bwa Jing bufite abaturage benshi, bangana na 86% by'abaturage bose.Amoko asigaye arimo Daiyi, Mang, Nong, Dai, Hmong (Miao), Yao, Zhan, na Khmer. Abanya Vietnam. Amadini nyamukuru ni Budisime, Gatolika, Hehao na Caotai. Hariho Abashinwa barenga miliyoni.

Vietnam ni igihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Ubukungu bwiganjemo ubuhinzi. Amabuye y'agaciro arakungahaye kandi aratandukanye, cyane cyane amakara, fer, titanium, manganese, chromium, aluminium, amabati, fosifore, nibindi. Muri byo, amakara, ibyuma na aluminiyumu ni binini cyane. Amashyamba, kubungabunga amazi hamwe nuburobyi bwo hanze ni bwinshi. Ukungahaye ku muceri, ibihingwa byo mu turere dushyuha n'imbuto zo mu turere dushyuha. Hariho amoko 6845 yubuzima bwo mu nyanja, harimo amoko 2000 y’amafi, amoko 300 y’igikona, amoko 300 y’ibishishwa, n’amoko 75 ya shrimp. Ubuso bwamashyamba bugera kuri hegitari miliyoni 10. Vietnam ni igihugu cy’ubuhinzi gakondo. Abaturage b’ubuhinzi bangana na 80% byabaturage bose, naho umusaruro w’ubuhinzi urenga 30% bya GDP. Ubutaka bwahinzwe nubutaka bwamashyamba bingana na 60% yubuso bwose. Ibihingwa byibiribwa birimo umuceri, ibigori, ibirayi, ibijumba, n imyumbati.Ibihingwa nyamukuru byamafaranga ni imbuto, ikawa, reberi, cashews, icyayi, ibishyimbo, silik, nibindi. Inzego nyamukuru zinganda zirimo amakara, ingufu zamashanyarazi, metallurgie, n imyenda. Vietnam yakoze rwose inganda zubukerarugendo kuva mu ntangiriro ya za 90 kandi ifite ubukerarugendo bwinshi. Ubukerarugendo bukurura ba mukerarugendo harimo ikiyaga cya Hoan Kiem, Ikigoro cya Ho Chi Minh, Urusengero rwa Confucian, Ba Dinh Square i Hanoi, Ingoro y’Ubumwe mu Mujyi wa Ho Chi Minh, Icyambu cya Nha Long, Pariki ya Pisine, Cu Chi Tunnels na Halong Bay mu Ntara ya Quang Ninh.

Hanoi: Hanoi, umurwa mukuru wa Vietnam, iherereye mu ruzi rutukura rwa Delta, ituwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 4. Ni umujyi munini mu majyaruguru ya Vietnam ndetse n'umujyi wa kabiri mu gihugu. Ikirere ni ibihe bine bitandukanye. Mutarama ni yo hakonje cyane, ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe buri kwezi cya dogere selisiyusi 15; Nyakanga ni cyo gishyushye cyane, n'ubushyuhe buri kwezi buri hagati ya dogere selisiyusi 29.

Hanoi ni umujyi wa kera ufite amateka yimyaka ibihumbi. Ubusanzwe yitwaga Daluo. Wari umurwa mukuru wingoma ya feodal ya Li, Chen, na Hou Le muri Vietnam, kandi wari uzwi nk "igihugu cy’ibisigisigi by’umuco byimyaka igihumbi." Nko mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 7, umujyi watangiye kubakwa hano, kandi witwa Umujyi w'umuhengeri. Mu 1010, Li Gongyun (ni ukuvuga Li Taizu), washinze ingoma ya Li (1009-1225 nyuma ya Yesu), yimuye umurwa mukuru we i Hualu maze amwita Shenglong. Hamwe no gushimangira no kwagura urukuta rwumujyi, mbere yikinyejana cya 10, rwiswe Song Ping, Luocheng, na Daluo City. Hamwe nimpinduka zamateka, Thang Long yiswe Zhongjing, Dongdu, Dongguan, Tokiyo na Beicheng bikurikiranye. Mu mwaka wa cumi na kabiri w'ingoma ya Ming y'ingoma ya Nguyen (1831) ni bwo umujyi wari ukikijwe n'inkombe z'umugezi wa Er (Uruzi rutukura), amaherezo witwa Hanoi, na n'ubu uracyakoreshwa. Hanoi yari icyicaro cy'ingoro ya guverineri wa "Federasiyo y'Abafaransa" mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Abafaransa. Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa "Revolution Revolution" muri Vietnam muri 1945, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Vietnam (yiswe Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Vietnam mu 1976) yari iteganijwe kuba hano.

Hanoi ifite ibyiza nyaburanga nibiranga umujyi wubushyuhe. Nkuko ibiti bihora bibisi umwaka wose, indabyo zirabya ibihe byose, kandi ibiyaga bikadomo mu mujyi no hanze yacyo, Hanoi izwi kandi nka "Umujyi windabyo ijana". Hano hari amateka menshi muri Hanoi.Ahantu nyaburanga hazwi cyane mu bukerarugendo harimo Ba Dinh Square, Ikiyaga cya Hoan Kiem, Ikiyaga cy’iburengerazuba, Ikiyaga cya Bamboo, Parike ya Baicao, Parike ya Lenin, Urusengero rwa Confucian, Inkingi imwe Pagoda, Ngoc Son Temple hamwe n umunara wa Tortoise.

Hanoi ni ikigo cya politiki, ubukungu, n’umuco wa Vietnam. Amashuri makuru na za kaminuza bizwi cyane n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi bya siyansi byibanze hano. Inganda za Hanoi ziganjemo amashanyarazi, imashini, imyenda n’inganda zoroheje.Ibihingwa ni umuceri. Hanoi kandi ikungahaye ku mbuto zitandukanye zo mu turere dushyuha.