I-Vietnam, igama eligcwele le-Socialist Republic of Vietnam, inendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-329,500. Itholakala engxenyeni esempumalanga yeNhlonhlo yase-Indo-China, emngceleni weChina ngasenyakatho, iLaos neCambodia entshonalanga, nolwandle iSouth China ngasempumalanga naseningizimu.Ugu lolwandle lungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-3260. IVietnam inendawo ende futhi emincane, amakhilomitha ayi-1600 ubude ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, namakhilomitha angama-50 endaweni yayo emincane ukusuka empumalanga kuya entshonalanga. Izwe laseVietnam liphakeme entshonalanga futhi liphansi empumalanga.Izigaba ezintathu zensimu zinezintaba namathafa. Inyakatho nenyakatho-ntshonalanga yizintaba eziphakeme namathafa aphezulu. Uhla oluphakathi nentaba yaseChangshan lusuka enyakatho luye eningizimu. Imifula emikhulu nguMfula Obomvu enyakatho noMfula iMekong oseningizimu. UMfula iRed and iMekong Delta ngamathafa. Ngo-1989, ihlathi lesizwe lalihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-98,000. IVietnam iseningizimu yeTropic of Cancer, enamazinga okushisa aphezulu nemvula, kanye nesimo sezulu semvula esishisayo. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nonyaka lizungeze ama-24 ℃. Imvula emaphakathi minyaka yonke ingu-1500-2000 mm. Inyakatho ihlukaniswe izikhathi ezine: intwasahlobo, ihlobo, ikwindla nobusika. Kunezinkathi ezimbili ezihlukene zemvula nesomiso eningizimu, ngenkathi yezimvula kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba ezindaweni eziningi nesikhathi sonyaka esomile kusuka kuNovemba kuya ku-Ephreli wonyaka olandelayo.

IVietnam yehlukaniswe izifundazwe ezingama-59 kanye nomasipala aba-5.

IVietnam yaba yizwe elinobukhosi ngo-968 AD. IVietnam yaba yisivikelo seFrance ngo-1884, futhi yahlaselwa yiJapane eMpini Yesibili Yomhlaba. Ngo-1945, uHo Chi Minh wamemezela ukusungulwa kweDemocratic Republic of Vietnam. Ngemuva kokuthi iVietnam ithole "Ukunqoba Okukhulu kukaDien Bien Phu" ngoMeyi 1954, iFrance yaphoqeleka ukuthi isayine isivumelwano eGeneva sokubuyisa ukuthula e-Indochina. Inyakatho yeVietnam yakhululwa, kanti iningizimu yayisabuswa yiFrance (kamuva umbuso waseNingizimu Vietnam wasekelwa yi-United States). NgoJanuwari 1973, iVietnam kanye neMelika basayina iSivumelwano SaseParis sokuqeda impi nokubuyisa ukuthula.Kwathi ngoMashi wangonyaka ofanayo, iMelika yahoxa eningizimu yeVietnam. NgoMeyi 1975, iVietnam eseningizimu yakhululwa ngokuphelele, kwathi iMpi Yokumelana NaseMelika neNational Salvation War yanqoba ngokuphelele. NgoJulayi 1976, iVietnam yazuza ukuhlangana kabusha kweNyakatho neNingizimu, futhi izwe laqanjwa njenge-Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: UMthethosisekelo waseVietnam uthi: "Ifulegi likazwelonke leSocialist Republic of Vietnam lingunxande, ububanzi balo buyizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zobude balo, futhi kunenkanyezi yegolide ekhonjiwe emihlanu phakathi nendawo engemuva elibomvu." Laziwa kakhulu njengefulegi elibomvu leVenus. Ifulege lomhlaba libomvu, futhi maphakathi nefulegi liyinkanyezi yegolide ekhombe emihlanu. Okubomvu kufanekisela uguquko nokunqoba.Inkanyezi yegolide enamaphoyinti amahlanu ikhombisa ubuholi beVietnam Labour Party ezweni.Izimpondo ezinhlanu zezinkanyezi ezinhlanu zimele abasebenzi, abalimi, amasosha, izifundiswa, nentsha.

Inani labantu baseVietnam lingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-84. IVietnam yizwe elinezinhlanga eziningi elinamaqembu angama-54. Phakathi kwabo, iqembu lesizwe laseJing linabantu abaningi kakhulu, libala cishe inani labantu abangama-86%. Izinhlanga ezisele zibandakanya iDaiyi, iMang, iNong, iDai, iHmong (iMiao), iYao, iZhan, neKhmer. IsiVietnam esijwayelekile. Izinkolo ezinkulu ubuBuddha, ubuKhatholika, uHehao noCaotai. KunamaShayina angaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa.

IVietnam yizwe elisathuthuka. Ezomnotho ziphethwe ezolimo. Izinsizakusebenza zamaminerali zicebile futhi zahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi amalahle, i-iron, i-titanium, i-manganese, i-chromium, i-aluminium, i-tin, i-phosphorus, njll. Phakathi kwazo, izinqolobane zamalahle, zensimbi ne-aluminium zikhulu kakhulu. Amahlathi, ukongiwa kwamanzi nezinsiza zokudoba ezingasolwandle kuningi. Ucebile ngelayisi, izitshalo zemali ezishisayo nezithelo ezishisayo. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-6845 zokuphila kwasolwandle, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingama-2000, izinhlobo ezingama-300 zenkalankala, izinhlobo ezingama-300 zezimbaza, nezinhlobo ezingama-75 zezimfanzi. Indawo eyihlathi ingamahektha ayizigidi eziyi-10. IVietnam yizwe lendabuko lezolimo. Inani lezolimo lisebenza cishe ngama-80% esamba sonke sabantu, futhi inani lokukhishwa kwezolimo libala ngaphezu kuka-30% we-GDP. Umhlaba olinyiwe ne-akhawunti yomhlaba wehlathi ngama-60% wendawo isiyonke. Izitshalo zokudla zifaka irayisi, ummbila, amazambane, ubhatata, nomdumbula Izitshalo eziyinhloko eziyizithelo izithelo, ikhofi, injoloba, amakhekhe, itiye, amakinati, usilika, njll. Imikhakha emikhulu yezimboni ifaka phakathi amalahle, ugesi, insimbi nezindwangu. IVietnam isebenzise imboni yezokuvakasha kuphela kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990 futhi inezinsizakusebenza eziningi zezokuvakasha. Okuheha kakhulu izivakashi kubandakanya iHoan Kiem Lake, iHo Chi Minh Mausoleum, iThempeli likaConfucian, iBa Dinh Square eHanoi, Isigodlo Sokuhlanganisa kabusha eHo Chi Minh City, iNha Long Port, iLotus Pond Park, iCu Chi Tunnels neHalong Bay esifundazweni saseQuang Ninh.

IHanoi: IHanoi, inhlokodolobha yaseVietnam, itholakala eRed River Delta, enabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezi-4. Idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke enyakatho neVietnam futhi idolobha lesibili ngobukhulu ezweni. Isimo sezulu sinezinkathi ezine ezihlukile.UJanuwari ubanda kakhulu, ngesilinganiso sokushisa sanyanga zonke esingu-15 degrees Celsius; UJulayi yiyona eshisayo, enesilinganiso sokushisa senyanga nenyanga esingu-29 degrees Celsius.

IHanoi yidolobha lasendulo elinomlando wezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ekuqaleni lalibizwa ngeDaluo. Laliyinhloko-dolobha yamakhosi aseLi, Chen, naseHou Le eVietnam, futhi laziwa ngokuthi "izwe lezinto ezingamasiko zeminyaka eyinkulungwane." Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-7, leli dolobha laqala ukwakhiwa lapha, kwathiwa yiPurple City. Ngo-1010, uLi Gongyun (okungukuthi uLi Taizu), umsunguli weLi Dynasty (1009-1225 AD), wasusa inhlokodolobha yakhe eHualu waqamba igama lokuthi uShenglong. Ngokuqiniswa nokwandiswa kodonga lomuzi, ngaphambi kwekhulu le-10, yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iSong Ping, iLuocheng, neDaluo City. Ngokushintsha komlando, uThang Long ubizwe ngeZhongjing, Dongdu, Dongguan, Tokyo naseBeicheng ngokulandelana. Kuze kwaba ngonyaka weshumi nambili woMbuso kaMing weNguyen Dynasty (1831) lapho leli dolobha lalizungezwe umfula i-Er River (Red River), futhi ekugcineni laqanjwa ngokuthi iHanoi, futhi lisasetshenziswa nanamuhla. IHanoi kwakuyisihlalo sesigodlo sombusi we "French Indochina Federation" ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamakoloni aseFrance. Ngemuva kokunqoba kwe- "Revolution ka-Agasti" yaseVietnam ngo-1945, iDemocratic Republic of Vietnam (ebizwa kabusha ngokuthi yiSocialist Republic of Vietnam ngo-1976) yayihlelelwe ukuba lapha.

IHanoi inezindawo ezinhle nezici zedolobha elishisayo. Njengoba izihlahla zihlale ziluhlaza unyaka wonke, izimbali ziyaqhakaza kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka, namachibi ahlukaniswe ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwedolobha, iHanoi yaziwa nangokuthi "iDolobha Lezimbali Ezikhulu". Kunezindawo eziningi zomlando eHanoi.Izivakashi ezidumile zihlanganisa iBa Dinh Square, iHoan Kiem Lake, iWest Lake, i-Bamboo Lake, iBaicao Park, i-Lenin Park, iThempeli laseConfucian, i-One Pillar Pagoda, i-Ngoc Son Temple neTortoise Tower.

IHanoi yisikhungo sezepolitiki, sezomnotho, nesamasiko eVietnam. Amakholeji amaningi aziwayo kanye namanyuvesi kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi zigxile lapha. Imboni yaseHanoi ilawulwa izimboni ze-electromechanical, textile, zamakhemikhali nezinye ezilula.Izilimo ikakhulukazi ilayisi.IHanoi icebile nangezithelo ezahlukahlukene zasezindaweni ezishisayo.