Brazil, the full name of the Federal Republic of Brazil, with a land area of ​​8,514,900 square kilometers, is the largest country in Latin America. Located in southeastern South America. It is bordered by French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela and Colombia to the north, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The coastline is more than 7,400 kilometers long. 80% of the land is located in tropical regions, and the southernmost part has a subtropical climate. The northern Amazon Plain has an equatorial climate with an average annual temperature of 27-29°C. The central plateau has a tropical grassland climate, divided into dry and rainy seasons.

The country is divided into 26 states and 1 Federal District (Brasilia Federal District). There are cities under the states, and there are 5562 cities in the country. The names of the states are as follows: Acre, Alagoz, Amazonas, Amapá, Bahia, Ceara, Espirito Santo, Goiás, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Sul Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pala, Paraíba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia , Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins.

Ancient Brazil was the residence of the Indians. On April 22, 1500, the Portuguese navigator Cabral arrived in Brazil. It became a Portuguese colony in the 16th century. Independence on September 7, 1822, established the Brazilian Empire. Slavery was abolished in May 1888. On November 15, 1889, Fonseca launched a coup to abolish the monarchy and establish a republic. The first constitution of the Republic was passed on February 24, 1891, and the country was named the United States of Brazil. In 1960, the capital was moved from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia. The country was renamed the Federal Republic of Brazil in 1967.

The national flag: It is rectangular with a ratio of length to width of 10:7. The flag ground is green with a yellow rhombus in the middle, and its four vertices are all the same distance from the flag edge. In the middle of the diamond is a blue celestial globe with an arched leucorrhea on it. Green and yellow are the national colors of Brazil. Green symbolizes the country's vast jungle, and yellow represents rich mineral deposits and resources. The arched white band on the celestial globe divides the sphere into upper and lower parts. The lower part symbolizes the starry sky in the southern hemisphere. The white five-pointed stars of different sizes on the upper part represent the 26 states of Brazil and a federal district. The white belt says "Order and Progress" in Portuguese.

The total population of Brazil is 186.77 million. Whites accounted for 53.8%, mulattos accounted for 39.1%, blacks accounted for 6.2%, yellows accounted for 0.5%, and Indians accounted for 0.4%. The official language is Portuguese. 73.8% of residents believe in Catholicism. (Source: "Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics")

Brazil is blessed with natural conditions. The Amazon River that traverses the north is the world's widest and most flowing river. The Amazon forest, known as the “lung of the earth,” covers an area of ​​7.5 million square kilometers, accounting for one third of the world's forest area, most of which are located in Brazil. In the southwest of the world’s fifth-largest river Parana, there is the extremely spectacular Iguazu Falls. The Itaipu Hydropower Station, the world’s largest hydropower station, jointly built by Brazil and Paraguay and known as the “Project of the Century”, was built in Parana. On the river.

Brazil is an emerging economic power in the world. In 2006, its GDP was 620.741 billion U.S. dollars, with an average per capita of 3,300 U.S. dollars. Brazil is rich in mineral resources, mainly iron, uranium, bauxite, manganese, oil, natural gas and coal. Among them, the proven iron ore reserves are 65 billion tons, and the output and export volume rank first in the world. The reserves of uranium ore, bauxite and manganese ore all rank third in the world. Brazil is the largest economic country in Latin America, has a relatively complete industrial system, and its industrial output value ranks first in Latin America. Steel, automobile, shipbuilding, petroleum, chemical, electric power, shoemaking and other industries enjoy a high reputation in the world. The technical level of nuclear power, communications, electronics, aircraft manufacturing, information, and military industry has entered the ranks of advanced countries in the world.

Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer and exporter, and is known as the "Coffee Kingdom". The output of sugarcane and citrus is also the world's largest. Soybean production ranks second in the world, and corn production ranks third in the world. Brazil is the third largest confectionery producer in the world after the United States and Germany. The annual output of various types of candies reaches 80 billion. The annual output value of the confectionery industry is US$500 million. It exports about 50,000 tons of candy every year. The country's arable land area is about 400 million hectares, and it is known as "the world's granary of the 21st century". Brazil's animal husbandry is very developed, mainly cattle breeding. Brazil's tourism industry has a long-standing reputation and is one of the world's top ten tourism earners. The main tourist spots are the churches and ancient buildings of Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, El Salvador, Brasilia City, Iguazu Falls and Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station, Free Port of Manaus, Black Gold City, Parana Stone Forest and Everglades.

Brasilia: Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, was founded in 1956. At that time, President Juscelino Kubitschek, known for his developmentalism, tried to promote the development of the inland areas and strengthen the control of the states. He spent a lot of money and took only 41 months to bring an altitude of 1,200 meters and a desolation. A modern new city was built on the central plateau of China. When the new capital was completed on April 21, 1960, there were only a few hundred thousand inhabitants. Now it has become a metropolis with a population of more than 2 million. This day is also designated as the city day of Brasilia.

Before the capital was established in Brasilia, the government held an unprecedented "urban design competition" across the country. Lucio Costa's work won the first place and was adopted. Costa's work is inspired by the cross. The cross is to cross the two main arteries together, because to conform to the terrain of Brasilia, one of them is turned into a curved arc, and the cross becomes the shape of a large airplane. The Presidential Palace, the Parliament, and the Supreme Court surround the Three Powers Square, each occupying three directions from the north to the southwest. There are more than 20 matchbox buildings with more than ten floors. They are built along both sides of the main road in a unified architectural style. These administrative institutions The building looks like the nose of an airplane. The fuselage is composed of EXAO station avenue and green space. The left and right sides are north and south wings, which are composed of commercial and residential areas. The wide station avenue divides the city into east and west. There are many residential areas in the north and south wings that resemble tofu cubes, and there is a commercial area between the two "tofu cubes". All streets have no names and are distinguished by only 3 letters and 3 numbers, such as SQS307. The first 2 letters are the abbreviations of the area, and the last letter guides the north direction.

Brasília has a pleasant climate and springs all year round. Large green areas and artificial lakes surrounding the city have become a city scene. The per capita green area is 100 square meters, which is the most green city in the world. . Its development has always been strictly controlled by the government. All industries in the city have their own "relocation areas". Bank areas, hotel areas, commercial areas, recreation areas, residential areas, and even car repairs have fixed locations. In order to protect the shape of the "aircraft" from being damaged, new residential areas are not allowed to be built in the city, and residents are distributed as far as possible in satellite cities outside the city. Since its completion, it is still a beautiful and modern city, and it has brought prosperity to the central and western parts of Brazil, through the south and the north, and has driven the development and progress of the entire country. On December 7, 1987, Brasilia was designated as the "cultural heritage of mankind" by UNESCO, becoming the youngest among the many splendid world cultural heritages of mankind.

Rio de Janeiro: Rio De Janeiro (Rio De Janeiro, referred to as Rio) is Brazil’s largest seaport, located on the west coast of the Atlantic Ocean in southeast Brazil. It is the capital of Rio de Janeiro State and the second largest city in Brazil after Sao Paulo. Rio de Janeiro means "January River" in Portuguese, and is named after the Portuguese sailed here in January 1505. Construction of the city began 60 years later. From 1763 to 1960 it was the capital of Brazil. In April 1960, the Brazilian government moved its capital to Brasilia. But nowadays there are still quite a few federal government agencies, as well as the headquarters of associations and companies, so it is also known as the "second capital" of Brazil.

In Rio de Janeiro, people can see well-preserved ancient buildings everywhere. Most of them have been turned into memorial halls or museums. The National Museum of Brazil is one of the most famous museums in the world today, with a collection of more than 1 million items.

Rio de Janeiro, surrounded by mountains and rivers, has a pleasant climate and is a world-renowned tourist attraction. It has more than 30 beaches with a total length of 200 kilometers. Among them, the most famous "Copacabana" beach is white and clean, crescent-shaped and 8 kilometers long. Along the wide seaside boulevard, modern hotels with 20 or 30 floors rise from the ground, with tall palm trees standing among them. The beautiful scenery of this coastal city attracts a large number of tourists. According to statistics, nearly 40% of the more than 2 million tourists to Brazil each year come to this city.