ICroatia, igama eligcwele leRiphabhlikhi yaseCroatia, ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-56538. Itholakala eningizimu-maphakathi neYurophu, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNhlonhlo yaseBalkan. Unqamula iSlovenia neHungary ngasenyakatho-ntshonalanga neHungary, iSerbia neMontenegro (eyayiyiYugoslavia), iBosnia neHerzegovina empumalanga, nolwandle i-Adriatic ngaseningizimu. Indawo ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu: iningizimu-ntshonalanga naseningizimu kugu lolwandle i-Adriatic, oluneziziqhingi eziningi nolwandle olusabekayo, olunamakhilomitha ayi-1777.7 ubude; maphakathi naseningizimu ngamathafa nezintaba, kanti inyakatho-mpumalanga yithafa. Ngokwesimo sendawo, isimo sezulu sihlukaniswe isimo sezulu saseMedithera, isimo sezulu sezintaba nesimo sezulu esipholile sezwekazi.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-6 kanye nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-7, amaSlav afuduka futhi ahlala ePeninsula yaseBalkan. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-8 kanye nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-9, amaCroats asungula umbuso wokuqala wobukhosi. Umbuso onamandla waseCroatia wasungulwa ngekhulu le-10th. Kusukela ngo-1102 kuya ku-1527, yayingaphansi kokubusa koMbuso waseHungary. Kusuka ngo-1527 kuya ku-1918, kwabuswa abakwaHabsburg kwaze kwawa uMbuso wase-Austro-Hungary. NgoDisemba 1918, iCroatia nabanye abantu baseSlavic abaseningizimu ngokuhlanganyela basungula uMbuso weSerbia-Croatia-Slovenia, owabizwa kabusha ngokuthi uMbuso waseYugoslavia ngo-1929. Ngo-1941, ama-fascists aseJalimane nase-Italy ahlasela iYugoslavia futhi asungula "i-Independent State of Croatia". Ngemuva kokunqoba kwe-fascism ngo-1945, iCroatia yahlangana neYugoslavia. Ngo-1963, yaphinde yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iSocialist Federal Republic yaseYugoslavia, kwathi iCroatia yaba ngelinye lama-republic ayisithupha. NgoJuni 25, 1991, iRiphabhlikhi yaseCroatia yamemezela inkululeko yayo, kwathi ngo-Okthoba 8 ngawo lowo nyaka yamemezela ngokusemthethweni ukuthi ihlukanisiwe neFederal Republic yaseYugoslavia.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande, isilinganiso sobude nobubanzi simayelana no-3: 2. Yakhiwe ngamaxande amathathu ahambisanayo futhi alinganayo avundlile, abomvu, amhlophe futhi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi. Uphawu lwesizwe lupendwe maphakathi nefulegi. ICroatia yamemezela inkululeko yayo ezweni elaliyiYugoslavia ngoJuni 25, 1991. Ifulege lesizwe elisha eselikhulunywe ngalo lasetshenziswa ngoDisemba 22, 1990.

Inani labantu baseCroatia liyizigidi ezingama-4.44 (2001). Amaqembu aphambili ezinhlanga yiCroatia (89.63%), kanti amanye angamaSerbia, amaHungary, amaNtaliyane, ama-Albania, amaCzech, njll. Ulimi olusemthethweni isiCroatia. Inkolo eyinhloko ubuKatolika.

ICroatia icebile ngemithombo yehlathi nasemanzini, inendawo eyihlathi engamahektha ayizigidi ezingama-2.079 nezinga lokutholakala kwehlathi elingu-43.5%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izinsizakusebenza ezifana no-oyela, igesi yemvelo, ne-aluminium. Imikhakha emikhulu yezimboni ifaka phakathi ukucutshungulwa kokudla, izindwangu, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi, ukwakhiwa, amandla kagesi, i-petrochemical, i-metallurgy, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini kanye nezimboni zokucubungula izinkuni. Imboni yezokuvakasha yaseCroatia iyakhiwa futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho wezwe futhi ingumthombo oyinhloko wemali engenayo yokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe. Izindawo ezibabazekayo zibandakanya ulwandle oluhle futhi oluhehayo i-Adriatic Seashore, iPlitvice Lakes kanye neBrijuni Island namanye amapaki kazwelonke.

IZagreb: IZagreb iyinhloko-dolobha yeRiphabhulikhi yaseCroatia, esenyakatho nentshonalanga yeCroatia, osebeni olusentshonalanga yoMfula iSava, ngaphansi kwentaba iMedvednica. Ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-284. Inani labantu abangama-770,000 (2001). Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ngoJanuwari ngu -1.6 ℃, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ngoJulayi lingu-20.9 ℃, kanti izinga lokushisa lonyaka ngu-12.7 ℃. Imvula emaphakathi yonyaka ingu-890 mm.

IZagreb yidolobha elinomlando eCentral Europe, incazelo yokuqala yegama lalo "umsele". Abantu baseSlavic bahlala lapha ngo-600 AD, futhi idolobha laqala ukubonakala emibhalweni yomlando ngo-1093, lapho kwakuyindawo yokushumayela yamaKhatholika. Kamuva, kwavela izigodlo ezimbili ezihlukene futhi kwakhiwa idolobha elinosayizi othile ngekhulu le-13. Yabizwa ngokuthi iZagreb ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16. Ngekhulu le-19 kwakuyinhloko-dolobha yaseCroatia ngaphansi kokubusa koMbuso wase-Austro-Hungary. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, leli dolobha laliyinhloko-dolobha yaseCroatia ngaphansi kombuso wamandla e-Axis. Kwakuyidolobha lesibili ngobukhulu ezweni elaliyiYugoslavia, isikhungo esikhulu sezimboni nesikhungo samasiko. Ngo-1991 yaba inhlokodolobha yeRiphabhlikhi yaseCroatia ngemuva kwenkululeko.

Idolobha liyindawo ebalulekile yokuhambisa amanzi nomhlaba, futhi maphakathi nemigwaqo nojantshi abavela eNtshonalanga Yurophu kuye ogwini lwase-Adriatic naseBalkan. Isikhumulo sezindiza iPleso sinezindiza ezingxenyeni eziningi zeYurophu. Izimboni eziyinhloko zifaka insimbi, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, imishini kagesi, amakhemikhali, ukucutshungulwa kwezinkuni, izindwangu, ukuphrinta, imithi yokwelapha nokudla.