Cuba covers an area of ​​110,860 square kilometers. Located in the northwestern Caribbean Sea, it is the largest island nation in the West Indies. It faces Haiti in the east, 140 kilometers from Jamaica in the south, and 217 kilometers from the southern tip of the Florida Peninsula in the north. It is composed of more than 1,600 large and small islands such as Cuba Island and Youth Island (formerly Pine Island). The coastline is about 6000 kilometers long. Most of the area is flat, with mountains in the east and middle and hilly areas in the west. The main mountain is Maestra Mountain. Its main peak, Turkino, is 1974 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the country. The largest river is the Kautuo River, which flows through the middle of the plain and is prone to flooding during the rainy season. Most parts of the whole territory have a tropical rainforest climate. Only the leeward slopes of the southwestern coast have a tropical grassland climate with an average annual temperature of 25.5°C. It is often hit by hurricanes, and other months are dry seasons. Except for a few areas, the annual precipitation is more than 1,000 mm.

The country is divided into 14 provinces and 1 special zone. There are 169 cities in the province. The names of the provinces are as follows: Pinar del Rio, Havana, Havana City (the capital, is a provincial municipal organization), Matanzas, Cienfuegos, Villa Clara, Sancti Spiritus, Ciego de Avi La, Camaguey, Las Tunas, Holguin, Grama, Santiago, Guantanamo and Youth Island Special Zone.

In 1492, Columbus sailed to Cuba. Ancient became a Spanish colony in 1511. From 1868 to 1878, Cuba broke out its first war of independence against Spanish rule. In February 1895, the national hero Jose Marti led the Second War of Independence. The United States occupied Cuba in 1898. The Republic of Cuba was established on May 20, 1902. In February 1903, the United States and Cuba signed the "Treaty of Reciprocity." The United States forcibly leased two naval bases and still occupy the Guantanamo base. In 1933, the soldier Batista took power in a coup d'etat. He was in power twice from 1940 to 1944 and from 1952 to 1959, and implemented a military dictatorship. On January 1, 1959, Fidel Castro led the rebels to overthrow the Batista regime and set up a revolutionary government.

National flag: It is a horizontal rectangle with a ratio of length to width of 2:1. The side of the flagpole is a red equilateral triangle with a white five-pointed star; the right side of the flag surface is composed of three blue wide strips and two white wide strips parallel and connected. The triangle and the stars are the symbols of Cuba's secret revolutionary organization, symbolizing freedom, equality, fraternity and the blood of patriots. The five-pointed star also represents that Cuba is an independent nation. The three broad blue bars indicate that the future republic will be divided into three states: East, West, and Central; the white bars indicate that the Cuban people have a pure purpose in the War of Independence.

11.23 million (2004). The population density is 101 people per square kilometer. Whites accounted for 66%, blacks accounted for 11%, mixed races accounted for 22%, and Chinese accounted for 1%. The urban population accounts for 75.4%. The official language is Spanish. Mainly believe in Catholicism, Africanism, Protestantism and Cubanism.

The Cuban economy has long maintained a single economic development model based on sugar production. Cuba is one of the major sugar producing countries in the world and is known as the "World Sugar Bowl". The sugar industry is dominated by the sugar industry, which accounts for more than 7% of the world's sugar production. The per capita sugar production ranks first in the world. The annual output value of sucrose accounts for about 40% of national income. Agriculture mainly grows sugarcane, which accounts for 55% of the country's arable land. Followed by rice, tobacco, citrus, etc. Cuban cigars are world-renowned. Mining resources are mainly nickel, cobalt, and chromium, in addition to manganese and copper. Cobalt reserves are 800,000 tons, nickel reserves are 14.6 million tons, and chromium is 2 million tons. Cuba’s forest coverage is about 21%. Rich in precious hardwoods. Cuba is rich in tourism resources, and hundreds of scenic spots dot the coastline like emeralds. The bright sunshine, clear water, white sand beaches and other natural scenery make this island country known as the "Pearl of the Caribbean" a world-class tourist and health resort. In recent years, Cuba has made full use of these unique advantages to vigorously develop tourism, making it the largest pillar industry of the national economy.

Havana: the capital of Cuba. Havana (la Habana) is also the largest city in the West Indies. It borders the city of Mariana to the west, the Gulf of Mexico to the north, and the Almendares River to the east. The population is more than 2.2 million (1998). It was built in 1519. It became the capital since 1898. Located in the tropics, with a mild climate and pleasant seasons, it is known as the "Pearl of the Caribbean".

Havana can be divided into two parts: the old city and the new city. The old city is located on a peninsula on the west side of Havana Bay. The area is small and the streets are narrow. There are still many Spanish-style ancient buildings. It is the seat of the Presidential Palace. Most overseas Chinese also live here. Old Havana is a treasure house of architectural art, with buildings of different styles in various periods. In 1982, it was listed as a "cultural heritage of humanity" by UNESCO. The new city is close to the Caribbean Sea, with neat and beautiful buildings, luxurious hotels, apartments, government offices, gardens, etc. It is one of the famous modern cities in Latin America.

The monument and huge bronze statue of the national hero Jose Marti stand next to the Jose Marti Revolution Square in the center of the city. In the square on the 9th Street, there is an 18-meter-high red cylindrical marble monument built by the Cuban people in 1931 to commend the overseas Chinese in the Cuban War of Independence. Inscribed on the black base is the inscription "No Chinese in Cuba are deserters and no traitors". There are also ancient churches built in 1704, the University of Havana built in 1721, the castle built in 1538-1544 and so on.

Havana is a well-known port with a long and narrow bay, and a tunnel is built at the bottom of the bay to connect the two sides of the strait. On the left bank at the entrance of the bay is Morro Castle built in 1632. The steep peaks and the dangerous terrain were originally built to defend against pirates. When British colonists attacked Hawa in 1762, they were bravely resisted by the Cuban Peasant Self-Defense Force in front of Morro Castle. From the mid-nineteenth century, Morro Castle became a prison for the Spanish colonial authorities. In 1978, the Cuban government built a tourist spot here to receive tourists from all over the world. On the opposite side of the bay from the Castle of San Carlos on the Cabaña Heights, which overlooks the city, the city walls and gates have been built in Havana from the end of the 17th century. The tradition of firing cannons still remains and has become an important tourist item.