Cuba ili ndi dera lalikulu masikweya kilomita 110,860. Ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Caribbean, ndiye chilumba chachikulu kwambiri ku West Indies. Imayang'ana Haiti kum'mawa, makilomita 140 kuchokera ku Jamaica kumwera, ndi makilomita 217 kuchokera kumapeto kwenikweni kwa Florida Peninsula kumpoto. Amapangidwa ndi zilumba zoposa 1,600 zazikulu ndi zazing'ono monga Cuba Island ndi Youth Island (yomwe kale inali Pine Island). Mphepete mwa nyanja ndi pafupifupi makilomita 6000 kutalika. Madera ambiri ndi opyapyala, mapiri kum'maŵa ndi pakati ndi madera amapiri kumadzulo. Phiri lalikulu ndi Maestra Mountain. Phiri lake lalikulu, Turkino, lili mamita 1974 pamwamba pa nyanja, yomwe ndi phiri lalitali kwambiri mdzikolo. Mtsinje waukulu kwambiri ndi Mtsinje wa Kautuo, womwe umadutsa pakati pa chigwacho ndipo umakonda kusefukira nthawi yamvula. Madera ambiri m'derali amakhala ndi nkhalango zotentha, ndipo malo otsetsereka okhawo omwe ali m'mbali mwa gombe lakumwera chakumadzulo ndi omwe amakhala ndi madera otentha ndi kutentha kwapakati pa 25.5 ° C pachaka. Nthawi zambiri amakanthidwa ndi mphepo zamkuntho, ndipo miyezi ina ndi nyengo yopanda mvula. Kupatula madera ochepa, mpweya wamvula wapachaka umaposa 1,000 mm.

Dzikoli lagawidwa m'zigawo 14 ndi chigawo chimodzi chapadera. Pali mizinda 169 m'chigawochi. Mayina azigawo ndi awa: Pinar del Rio, Havana, Havana City (likulu, ndi bungwe loyang'anira zigawo), Matanzas, Cienfuegos, Villa Clara, Sancti Spiritus, Ciego de Avi La, Camaguey, Las Tunas, Holguin, Grama, Santiago, Guantanamo ndi Youth Island Special Zone.

Mu 1492, Columbus adapita ku Cuba. Wakale adakhala dziko la Spain mu 1511. Kuyambira 1868 mpaka 1878, Cuba idayamba nkhondo yake yoyamba yodziyimira pawokha motsutsana ndi ulamuliro waku Spain. Mu February 1895, ngwazi yadziko Jose Marti adatsogolera nkhondo yachiwiri yodziyimira pawokha. United States idalanda Cuba mu 1898. Republic of Cuba idakhazikitsidwa pa Meyi 20, 1902. Mu February 1903, United States ndi Cuba adasaina "Pangano la Kubwezeretsanso." United States mokakamiza idalemba mabungwe awiri apanyanja ndipo akukhalabe ku Guantanamo. Mu 1933, msirikali Batista adayamba kulanda boma, ndipo adalamulira kawiri kuyambira 1940 mpaka 1944 komanso kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1959, ndipo adakhazikitsa ulamuliro wankhanza wankhondo. Pa Januware 1, 1959, Fidel Castro adatsogolera zigawengazo kuti zilande boma la Batista ndikupanga boma losintha.

Mbendera yadziko: Ndi rectangle yopingasa yolumikizana ndi kutalika kwake mpaka m'lifupi mwa 2: 1. Mbali ya mbendera ndi kansalu kofiira kofanana ndi nyenyezi yoyera isanu; mbali yakumanja ya mbendera imapangidwa ndi mizere itatu yayikulu yabuluu ndi mizere iwiri yoyera yoyera mofananira komanso yolumikizidwa. Makona atatu ndi nyenyezi ndizizindikiro za bungwe losintha chinsinsi ku Cuba, lomwe likuyimira ufulu, kufanana, ubale ndi mwazi wokonda dziko lako. Nyenyezi yoloza zisanuyo ikuyimiranso kuti Cuba ndi dziko lodziyimira palokha. Zitsulo zitatu zakuda zabuluu zikuwonetsa kuti dziko ladzikoli ligawika magawo atatu: East, West, ndi Central; zoyera zoyera zikuwonetsa kuti anthu aku Cuba ali ndi cholinga chenicheni pa Nkhondo Yodziyimira pawokha.

11.23 miliyoni (2004). Kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi anthu 101 pa kilomita imodzi. Azungu anali ndi 66%, akuda anali 11%, mafuko osakanikirana anali 22%, ndipo aku China anali 1%. Anthu akumatauni amawerengera 75.4%. Chilankhulo chachikulu ndi Chisipanishi. Makamaka amakhulupirira Chikatolika, Africanism, Chiprotestanti ndi Cubanism.

Chuma chaku Cuba chakhala chikusungabe mtundu umodzi wachitukuko chachuma potengera kupanga shuga. Cuba ndi amodzi mwamayiko omwe amatulutsa shuga padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amadziwika kuti "World Sugar Bowl". Makampani opanga shuga amachita malonda ndi shuga, omwe amapanga shuga woposa 7% padziko lonse lapansi.Mtundu uliwonse wa shuga umakhala woyamba padziko lonse lapansi.Mtengo wapachaka wa sucrose umakhala pafupifupi 40% ya ndalama zadziko. Agriculture imalima nzimbe kwambiri, ndipo malo obzala nzimbe amawerengera 55% ya nthaka yolimidwa mdzikolo. Kutsatiridwa ndi mpunga, fodya, zipatso, ndi zina zotere ndudu za Cuba ndizodziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Zomwe zimayikidwa mumigodi ndizambiri nickel, cobalt, ndi chromium, kuphatikiza manganese ndi mkuwa. Malo osungira a Cobalt ndi matani 800,000, malo osungira ma nickel ndi matani 14.6 miliyoni, ndipo chromium ndi matani 2 miliyoni. Kubisa nkhalango ku Cuba kuli pafupifupi 21%. Wolemera mitengo yolimba yolimba. Cuba ili ndi chuma chambiri pazokopa alendo, ndipo mazana owoneka bwino ali pagombe ngati emeralds. Kuwala kowala kwa dzuwa, madzi oyera, magombe amchenga oyera ndi zokongola zina zachilengedwe zimapangitsa dziko lachilumbachi kudziwika kuti "Pearl of the Caribbean" malo ochezera alendo padziko lonse lapansi. M'zaka zaposachedwa, Cuba yagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira maubwino apaderadera awa kuti apange mwamphamvu zokopa alendo, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale msika woyamba wa zachuma mdziko lonse.

Havana: likulu la Cuba. Havana (la Habana) ndi mzinda waukulu kwambiri ku West Indies. Imadutsa mzinda wa Mariana kumadzulo, Gulf of Mexico kumpoto, ndi Almendares River kummawa. Chiwerengero cha anthu chikuposa 2.2 miliyoni (1998). Inamangidwa mu 1519. Unakhala likulu kuyambira 1898. Wopezeka kumadera otentha, komwe kumakhala nyengo yofatsa komanso nyengo zosangalatsa, amadziwika kuti "Ngale ya Pacific".

Havana itha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mzinda wakale ndi mzinda watsopano. Mzinda wakalewu uli pachilumba chakumadzulo kwa Havana Bay.Derali ndi laling'ono ndipo misewu ndi yopapatiza. Pali nyumba zambiri zakale zaku Spain ndipo ndi likulu la nyumba yachifumu. Anthu ambiri aku China omwe amakhala kutsidya lina nawonso amakhala kuno. Old Havana ndi nyumba yosungiramo chuma cha zomangamanga, yokhala ndi nyumba za mitundu yosiyanasiyana munthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mu 1982, idalembedwa kuti "cholowa chachikhalidwe chaumunthu" ndi UNESCO. Mzinda watsopanowu uli pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Caribbean, yokhala ndi nyumba zowoneka bwino komanso zokongola, mahotela apamwamba, nyumba, nyumba zamaofesi aboma, minda yamisewu, ndi zina zambiri. Ndi umodzi mwamizinda yotchuka kwambiri ku Latin America.

Pakatikati mwa mzindawo, pambali pa Jose Marti Revolution Square, pali chipilala ndi chifanizo chachikulu chamkuwa cha ngwazi yadziko a Jose Marti. Pa bwaloli pa 9th Street, pali chipilala chamiyala yofiira yamiyala ya 18 mita, yomwe idamangidwa ndi anthu aku Cuba mu 1931 kuyamika achi China akunja ku Cuba War of Independence. Kulembedwa pamunsi wakuda ndikulembedwa kuti "Palibe Wachina ku Cuba amene achoka ndipo palibe opandukira". Palinso mipingo yakale yomwe inamangidwa mu 1704, University of Havana inamangidwa mu 1721, nyumba yachifumu yomangidwa mu 1538-1544 ndi zina zotero.

Havana ndi doko lodziwika bwino lomwe lili ndi bay yayitali komanso yopapatiza, ndipo ngalande imamangidwa kumapeto kwa nyanjayi kulumikiza mbali ziwiri za khwalalalo. Ku banki yakumanzere pakhomo la malowa pali Morro Castle yomangidwa mu 1632. Mapiri ataliatali komanso malo owopsa adayamba kumangidwa kuti ateteze achifwamba. Atsamunda aku Britain akaukira Hawa mu 1762, adakanidwa molimba mtima ndi Gulu Lodzitchinjiriza Laku Cuba patsogolo pa Morro Castle. Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, Morro Castle idakhala ndende ya olamulira atsamunda aku Spain. Mu 1978, boma la Cuba lidamanga malo apaulendo kuti alandire alendo ochokera padziko lonse lapansi. Pa San Carlos Castle ku Cabaña Heights, yomwe imayang'ana mzindawu, kuwoloka nyanjayi, makoma ndi zipata zitamangidwa ku Havana kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17, mwambo wokhotakhota unkachitika nthawi ya 9 koloko usiku uliwonse kulengeza kutsekedwa kwa zipata ndi doko. Chizolowezi chowombera mfuti chatsalirabe ndipo chakhala chinthu chofunikira chokaona alendo.