Kuba ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 110.860. Iherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'inyanja ya Karayibe, ni cyo gihugu kinini mu birwa muri Indaya y'Uburengerazuba. Irahura na Haiti mu burasirazuba, kilometero 140 uvuye muri Jamayike mu majyepfo, na kilometero 217 uvuye mu majyepfo y’igice cya Floride mu majyaruguru. Igizwe n'ibirwa birenga 1.600 binini kandi bito nk'izinga rya Cuba n'ikirwa cy'urubyiruko (cyahoze ari ikirwa cya Pine). Inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 6000. Igice kinini kiringaniye, gifite imisozi muburasirazuba no hagati ndetse n’imisozi miremire mu burengerazuba.Umusozi mukuru ni Umusozi wa Maestra. Impinga yacyo nkuru, Turkino, ifite metero 1974 hejuru y’inyanja, ikaba ari impinga ndende mu gihugu. Uruzi runini ni uruzi rwa Kautuo, rutemba rwagati mu kibaya kandi rukunze kwibasirwa n’umwuzure mu gihe cy’imvura. Ibice byinshi byubutaka bifite ikirere gishyuha cyimvura gishyuha, kandi imisozi yimisozi yonyine kuruhande rwamajyepfo yuburengerazuba bwiburengerazuba ifite ikirere gishyuha gishyuha hamwe nubushyuhe buri mwaka bwa 25.5 ° C. Bikunze kwibasirwa ninkubi y'umuyaga, kandi andi mezi ni ibihe byumye. Usibye uduce tumwe na tumwe, imvura igwa buri mwaka irenga mm 1.000.

Igihugu kigabanyijemo intara 14 na zone 1 idasanzwe. Muri iyo ntara hari imigi 169. Amazina y'intara ni aya akurikira: Pinar del Rio, Havana, Umujyi wa Havana (umurwa mukuru, ni umuryango w’intara), Matanzas, Cienfuegos, Villa Clara, Sancti Spiritus, Ciego de Avi La, Camaguey, Las Tunas, Holguin, Grama, Santiago, Guantanamo na Zone idasanzwe y'urubyiruko.

Mu 1492, Columbus yafashe ubwato yerekeza muri Cuba. Kera yabaye koloni ya Espanye mu 1511. Kuva mu 1868 kugeza 1878, Cuba yatangiye intambara ya mbere y'ubwigenge irwanya ubutegetsi bwa Esipanye. Muri Gashyantare 1895, intwari y'igihugu Jose Marti yayoboye Intambara ya kabiri y'ubwigenge. Amerika yigaruriye Cuba mu 1898. Repubulika ya Cuba yashinzwe ku ya 20 Gicurasi 1902. Muri Gashyantare 1903, Amerika na Cuba byashyize umukono ku "masezerano yo gusubiranamo." Amerika yakodesheje ku gahato ibirindiro bibiri byo mu mazi kandi iracyafite ibirindiro bya Guantanamo. Mu 1933, umusirikare Batista yafashe ubutegetsi muri coup d'Etat.Yari ku butegetsi kabiri kuva 1940 kugeza 1944 no kuva 1952 kugeza 1959, ashyira mu bikorwa igitugu cya gisirikare. Ku ya 1 Mutarama 1959, Fidel Castro yayoboye inyeshyamba guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Batista maze ashyiraho guverinoma y’impinduramatwara.

Ibendera ryigihugu: Ni urukiramende rutambitse rufite igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bwa 2: 1. Uruhande rwibendera ni mpandeshatu itukura iringaniye ifite inyenyeri yera ifite inyenyeri eshanu; uruhande rwiburyo rwibendera rugizwe n'imirongo itatu y'ubugari n'ubururu bubiri bwera bugereranijwe kandi buhujwe. Inyabutatu ninyenyeri nibimenyetso byumuryango wibanga wimpinduramatwara ya Cuba, ushushanya ubwisanzure, uburinganire, ubuvandimwe namaraso yabakunda igihugu. Inyenyeri eshanu zerekana kandi ko Cuba ari igihugu cyigenga. Utubari dutatu twagutse twerekana ko repubulika izaza igabanyijemo leta eshatu: Iburasirazuba, Iburengerazuba, na Hagati; utubari twera twerekana ko abaturage ba Cuba bafite intego nziza mu ntambara yo kwigenga.

miliyoni 11.23 (2004). Ubucucike bwabaturage ni abantu 101 kuri kilometero kare. Abazungu bangana na 66%, abirabura bangana na 11%, amoko avanze angana na 22%, naho abashinwa bangana na 1%. Abatuye mu mijyi bangana na 75.4%. Ururimi rwemewe ni icyesipanyoli. Ahanini bizera Gatolika, Abanyafurika, Abaporotesitanti n'Abanya Cuba.

Ubukungu bwa Cuba bumaze igihe kinini bugumana urugero rumwe rwiterambere ryubukungu rushingiye kumusaruro wisukari. Kuba ni kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye bitanga isukari ku isi kandi bizwi ku izina rya "World Sugar Bowl". Inganda z’isukari ziganjemo inganda z’isukari, zikaba zirenga 7% by’umusaruro w’isukari ku isi.Umusaruro w’isukari ku muturage uri ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi. Agaciro k’umusaruro wa buri mwaka wa sucrose kangana na 40% by’amafaranga yinjira mu gihugu. Ubuhinzi ahanini buhinga ibisheke, naho ubuso bwo gutera ibisheke bugera kuri 55% byubutaka bwo guhinga. Bikurikiranye n'umuceri, itabi, citrusi, n'ibindi. Cigari yo muri Cuba irazwi cyane ku isi. Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ahanini ni nikel, cobalt, na chromium, hiyongereyeho manganese n'umuringa. Ububiko bwa Cobalt ni toni 800.000, ububiko bwa nikel ni toni miliyoni 14,6, na chromium ni toni miliyoni 2. Amashyamba ya Cuba agera kuri 21%. Ukungahaye ku biti by'agaciro. Kuba ikungahaye ku bukerarugendo, kandi ahantu nyaburanga amagana ni ku nkombe z'inyanja nka zeru. Izuba ryinshi, amazi meza, inkombe z'umusenyi wera hamwe n’ibindi bintu nyaburanga bituma iki gihugu kirwa kizwi ku izina rya "Isaro rya Karayibe" n’ubukerarugendo n’ubuzima ku rwego rw’isi. Mu myaka yashize, Cuba yakoresheje neza izo nyungu zidasanzwe mu guteza imbere ubukerarugendo ku buryo bugaragara, ikaba inganda ya mbere y’inkingi y’ubukungu bw’igihugu.

Havana: umurwa mukuru wa Cuba. Havana (la Habana) n'umujyi munini muri West Indies. Irahana imbibi n'umujyi wa Mariana mu burengerazuba, Ikigobe cya Mexico mu majyaruguru, n'umugezi wa Almendares mu burasirazuba. Abaturage barenga miliyoni 2.2 (1998). Yubatswe mu 1519. Yabaye umurwa mukuru kuva mu 1898. Iherereye mu turere dushyuha, hamwe n'ikirere cyoroheje n'ibihe byiza, izwi ku izina rya "Isaro rya Karayibe".

Havana irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: umujyi ushaje numujyi mushya. Umujyi ushaje uherereye mu gice cy’iburengerazuba cy’inyanja ya Havana.Aka gace ni nto kandi imihanda iragufi. Haracyari inyubako za kera zo mu bwoko bwa Esipanye. Ni icyicaro cy’ingoro ya perezida. Abashinwa benshi mumahanga nabo baba hano. Old Havana ni inzu yubukorikori yubuhanzi, ifite inyubako zuburyo butandukanye mubihe bitandukanye. Mu 1982, yashyizwe ku rutonde nk "umurage ndangamuco wubumuntu" na UNESCO. Umujyi mushya wegereye inyanja ya Karayibe, ufite inyubako nziza kandi nziza, amahoteri meza, amazu, ibiro bya leta, ubusitani, nibindi. Ni umwe mu mijyi izwi cyane yo muri Amerika y'Epfo.

Hagati mu mujyi, iruhande rwa Square ya Revolution ya Jose Marti, hari urwibutso n'ishusho nini y'umuringa y'intwari y'igihugu Jose Marti. Ku karubanda ku Muhanda wa 9, hari urwibutso rwa marimari rutukura rufite uburebure bwa metero 18 zubatswe n’abaturage ba Cuba mu 1931 kugira ngo bashimire Abashinwa bo mu mahanga mu ntambara yo kwigenga ya Cuba. Yanditse ku musingi wirabura handitseho ngo "Nta Bushinwa muri Cuba batoroka kandi nta bagambanyi". Hariho kandi amatorero ya kera yubatswe mu 1704, kaminuza ya Havana yubatswe mu 1721, ikigo cyubatswe mu 1538-1544 n'ibindi.

Havana ni icyambu kizwi cyane gifite ikigobe kirekire kandi kigufi, kandi hubatswe umuyoboro munsi yinyanja kugirango uhuze impande zombi. Ku nkombe y'ibumoso ku bwinjiriro bw'inyanja hari ikigo cya Morro cyubatswe mu 1632. Impinga zihanamye hamwe nubutaka buteye akaga byubatswe mbere kugirango birinde abambuzi. Igihe abakoloni b'Abongereza bateraga Hawa mu 1762, barwanyije ubutwari ingabo z’abahinzi-borozi bo muri Cuba zirwanira imbere y’ikigo cya Morro. Kuva mu kinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda, ikigo cya Morro cyahindutse gereza y'abategetsi b'abakoloni bo muri Esipanye. Mu 1978, guverinoma ya Cuba yubatse ahantu nyaburanga hano kugira ngo yakire ba mukerarugendo baturutse impande zose z'isi. Ku gihome cya San Carlos kiri mu misozi ya Cabaña, itareba umujyi, hakurya y'inyanja, nyuma yuko inkuta n'amarembo byubatswe i Havana mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 17, umuhango wo kurasa imbunda warashwe saa cyenda buri joro kugira ngo utangaze ko amarembo n'icyambu bifunze. Umuco wo kurasa imbunda uracyahari kandi wabaye ikintu cyingenzi cyubukerarugendo.