ICuba igubungela ummandla we-110,860 yeekhilomitha ezizikwere. Ifumaneka kuMntla-ntshona woLwandle lweCaribbean, lelona lizwe likhulu kwisiqithi kwi-West Indies. Ijongene neHaiti empuma, iikhilomitha ezili-140 ukusuka eJamaica emazantsi, kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-217 ukusuka kwincam esemazantsi ePeninsula yaseFlorida emantla. Iqukethe ngaphezulu kwe-1,600 yeziqithi ezinkulu nezincinci ezinjengesiQithi seCuba kunye nesiQithi soLutsha (esasifudula sisiPine Island). Unxweme lumalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-6000 ubude. Ubuninzi bendawo ethe tyaba, ineentaba empuma nasembindini neendawo ezineenduli entshona.Intaba ephambili yiNtaba yeMaestra.Iyona ncopho yayo iphambili, iTurkino, ziimitha ezili-1974 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle, leyona ndawo iphakamileyo elizweni. Owona mlambo mkhulu nguMlambo iKautuo, onqumla kumbindi wethafa yaye kulula ukuba uphuphume ngexesha leemvula. Iindawo ezininzi zommandla wonke zinemozulu enamahlathi emvula, kwaye kuphela ngamathambeka anamanzi aselunxwemeni lwentshona-ntshona anemozulu enengca yetropiki enobushushu obuphakathi bonyaka obungu-25.5 ° C. Ihlala ihlaselwa ziinkanyamba, kwaye ezinye iinyanga ngamaxesha onyaka. Ngaphandle kweendawo ezimbalwa, imvula yonyaka ingaphezulu kwe-1,000 mm.

Ilizwe lahlulwe langamaphondo ali-14 kunye nommandla owodwa we-1. Kukho izixeko ezili-169 kweli phondo. Amagama amaphondo ami ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Pinar del Rio, Havana, Havana City (ikomkhulu, ngumbutho kamasipala wephondo), Matanzas, Cienfuegos, Villa Clara, Sancti Spiritus, Ciego de Avi La, Camaguey, Las Tunas, Holguin, Grama, Santiago, Guantanamo kunye ne-Special Island Zone. Ngo-1492, uColumbus waya eCuba ngenqanawa. I-Ancient yaba yithanga laseSpain ngo-1511. Ukususela ngo-1868 ukuya ku-1878, iCuba yaqhambuka imfazwe yayo yokuqala yenkululeko nxamnye nolawulo lweSpain. NgoFebruwari 1895, iqhawe lesizwe uJose Marti wakhokela kwimfazwe yesibini yenkululeko. I-United States yahlala eCuba ngo-1898. IRiphabhlikhi yaseCuba yasekwa ngoMeyi 20, 1902. Ngo-Februwari 1903, i-United States kunye ne-Cuba batyikitya "iSivumelwano Sokubuyisana." I-United States ngenkani yaqesha iziseko ezimbini zomkhosi wamanzi kwaye isahlala eGuantanamo. Ngo-1933, ijoni uBatista wathatha amandla kwi-coup, kwaye wayesemandleni kabini ukususela ngo-1940 ukuya ku-1944 kwaye ukususela ngo-1952 ukuya ku-1959, kwaye waphumeza ulawulo lobuzwilakhe emkhosini. NgoJanuwari 1, 1959, uFidel Castro wakhokela abavukeli ukuba babhukuqe ulawulo lweBatista bamisela urhulumente wohlaziyo.

Iflegi yesizwe: Ngxande ethe tyaba enomlinganiso wobude kububanzi be-2: 1. Icala leflagoli ngunxantathu obomvu olinganayo kunye neenkwenkwezi ezimhlophe ezibhekise kumacala amahlanu; icala lasekunene lomgangatho weflegi linemigca emithathu ebanzi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nemicu emibini emhlophe ebanzi ngokudibeneyo kunye nokudityaniswa. Unxantathu kunye neenkwenkwezi ziimpawu zombutho wokuguqula imfihlo waseCuba, umqondiso wenkululeko, ukulingana, ubuzalwana kunye negazi lokuthand 'izwe. Le nkwenkwezi ineenqaku ezintlanu ikwamele ukuba iCuba sisizwe esizimeleyo. Imivalo emithathu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibonisa ukuba ilizwe elizayo lizahlulahlulwa libe ngamazwe amathathu: eMpuma, eNtshona, nakuMbindi; imivalo emhlophe ibonisa ukuba abantu baseCuba banenjongo emsulwa kwiMfazwe yenkululeko.

11.23 yezigidi (2004). Ubuninzi babantu ngabantu abangama-101 ngekhilomitha nganye. Abamhlophe babalelwa kuma-66%, abamnyama bafumana i-11%, iintlanga ezixubileyo zenza i-22%, kwaye amaTshayina enza i-1%. Inani labemi basezidolophini li-75.4%. Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni sisiSpanish. Ngokuyintloko bakholelwa kubuKatolika, ubu-Afrika, ubuProtestanti kunye neCuba.

Uqoqosho lwaseCuba luye lwagcina imodeli enye yophuhliso lwezoqoqosho esekwe kwimveliso yeswekile. ICuba lelinye lawona mazwe avelisa iswekile ehlabathini kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi "World Sugar Bowl". Umzi-mveliso weswekile ulawulwa ngumzi-mveliso weswekile, obanga ngaphezulu kwe-7% yemveliso yeswekile yehlabathi.Imveliso nganye yeswekile yokuvelisa iswekile ikwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi.Ixabiso lemveliso yonyaka ye-sucrose i-40% yengeniso yesizwe. Ezolimo ikakhulu zikhulisa ummoba, kwaye indawo ekutyalwa kuyo iswekile yenza iipesenti ezingama-55 zomhlaba olimekayo welizwe. Kulandelwe irayisi, icuba, isitrasi, njl njl. Iicuba zecuba zaziwa kwihlabathi liphela. Izixhobo zemigodi ikakhulu zii-nickel, i-cobalt, kunye ne-chromium, ukongeza kwi-manganese kunye nobhedu. Oovimba beCobalt ziitoni ezingama-800,000, oovimba benickel ziitoni ezizizigidi ezili-14.6, kwaye i-chromium zizigidi ezi-2 zeetoni. Ukugubungela amahlathi eCuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-21. Ucebile kwimithi enqabileyo enqabileyo. ICuba ityebile kwizixhobo zokhenketho, kunye namakhulu amabala amahle aboniswe kunxweme njengeemeraldi. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqaqambileyo, amanzi acocekileyo, amalwandle amhlophe esanti kunye nezinye izinto ezibonisa indalo zenza eli lizwe sisiqithi laziwa njenge "Pearl yeCaribbean" indawo yokhenketho ekumgangatho wehlabathi kunye nempilo. Kule minyaka idlulileyo, iCuba izisebenzise ngokupheleleyo ezi zibonelelo zikhethekileyo ekuphuhliseni ngamandla ukhenketho, olwenza ukuba lube lishishini lokuqala leentsika kuqoqosho lwesizwe.

IHavana: ikomkhulu laseCuba. IHavana (la Habana) sesona sixeko sikhulu kwi-West Indies. Imida isixeko saseMariana ngasentshona, iGulf of Mexico emantla, kunye neAlmendares River ukuya empuma. Abemi bangaphezulu kwe-2.2 yezigidi (1998). Yakhiwa ngo-1519. Yaba likomkhulu ukusukela ngo-1898. Ifumaneka kwiitropiki, ezinemozulu epholileyo kunye namaxesha amnandi, yaziwa ngokuba yi "Pearl yeCaribbean".

IHavana inokwahlulwa kubini: isixeko esidala kunye nesixeko esitsha. Isixeko esidala simi usingasiqithi kwicala lasentshona yeHavana Bay.Le ndawo incinci kwaye nezitrato zincinci.Ziseninzi izakhiwo zaseSpain zakudala.Isihlalo sebhotwe likamongameli. Uninzi lwamaTshayina aphesheya kwezilwandle nawo ahlala apha. I-Old Havana yindlu yobuncwane yobugcisa bokwakha, inezakhiwo zeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.Ku-1982, yayidweliswa njengelifa "lenkcubeko yobuntu" yi-UNESCO. Isixeko esitsha sikufutshane noLwandle lweCaribbean, nezakhiwo ezicocekileyo nezintle, iihotele ezintle, iiflethi, izakhiwo zeofisi zikarhulumente, iigadi zezitalato, njlnjlinye yezixeko ezidumileyo zanamhlanje kwiLatin America.

Embindini wedolophu, ecaleni kweJose Marti Revolution Square, kukho ilitye lesikhumbuzo kunye nomfanekiso omkhulu wobhedu weqhawe lesizwe uJose Marti. Kwibala elikwisitrato se-9, kukho ilitye lesikhumbuzo lemarmore ebomvu elibude buziimitha ezili-18, elakhiwa ngabantu baseCuba ngo-1931 ukuncoma amaTshayina aphesheya kwimfazwe yase-Cuba yenkululeko. Kubhalwe kwisiseko esimnyama kubhalwe "Akukho maTshayina eCuba angabaphangi kwaye akukho bangcatshi". Kukwakho neecawe zamandulo ezakhiwa ngo-1704, iYunivesithi yaseHavana yakhiwa ngo-1721, inqaba eyakhiwa ngo-1538-1544 njalo njalo.

IHavana lizibuko elaziwayo eline-bay ende emxinwa, iitonela zakhiwe emazantsi ebhanti ukudibanisa amacala amabini omda. Kwibhanki yasekhohlo ekungeneni kwebheyi kukho iNqaba yaseMorro eyakhiwe ngo-1632. Iincopho eziphakamileyo kunye neendawo ezinobungozi zazakhelwe ukuzikhusela ngokuchasene nabaphangi. Xa abokoloniyali baseBritane bahlasela uHawa ngo-1762, bachaswa ngenkalipho nguMkhosi wokuZikhusela waseCuba phambi kweMorro castle. Ukusukela phakathi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinethoba, iMorro castle yaba yintolongo yabasemagunyeni baseSpain. Ngo-1978, urhulumente waseCuba wakha indawo yokhenketho apha ukuze afumane abakhenkethi abavela kwihlabathi liphela. Kwelinye icala lechweba elivela kwiNqaba yeSan Carlos kwiCabaña Heights, ejonge esixekweni, emva kokuba iindonga namasango zakhiwe eHavana ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-17, umsitho womlilo wenkanunu wawubanjwa ngentsimbi yethoba busuku ngabunye ukwazisa ukuvalwa kwesango kunye nezibuko. Isiko lokudubula iinkanunu lisahleli kwaye libeyinto ebalulekileyo kubakhenkethi.