ICuba ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-110,860. Itholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga yoLwandle lweCaribbean, iyisizwe esiyisiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke eWest Indies. Ibheke eHaiti empumalanga, amakhilomitha ayi-140 ukusuka eJamaica eningizimu, namakhilomitha angama-217 ukusuka esiqongweni esiseningizimu yeFeninsula yaseFlorida enyakatho. Iqukethe iziqhingi ezingaphezu kwezingu-1,600 ezinkulu nezincane njengeCuba Island neYouth Island (okwakunguPine Island). Ugu lolwandle lungamakhilomitha angama-6000 ubude. Iningi lendawo liyisicaba, linezintaba empumalanga naphakathi nendawo nezindawo ezinamagquma entshonalanga.Intaba enkulu yiNtaba iMaestra.Isiqongo sayo esikhulu, iTurkino, singamamitha ayi-1974 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, okuyisiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke ezweni. Umfula omkhulu kunawo wonke uMfula iKautuo, ogeleza udabule phakathi nethafa futhi othanda ukuba nezikhukhula phakathi nesikhathi semvula. Izingxenye eziningi zensimu yonke zinesimo sezulu esishisayo samahlathi emvula.Imithambeka ethambile kuphela yogu oluseningizimu-ntshonalanga enesimo sezulu sotshani esinezinga lokushisa lonyaka elibalelwa ku-25.5 ° C. Imvamisa ishaywa yiziphepho, kanti ezinye izinyanga kuyizikhathi zokoma. Ngaphandle kwezindawo ezimbalwa, imvula yonyaka ingaphezu kwe-1,000 mm.

Izwe lihlukaniswe izifundazwe eziyi-14 nendawo eyi-1 ekhethekile. Kunamadolobha ayi-169 esifundazweni. Amagama ezifundazwe ami kanjena: IPinar del Rio, Havana, iHavana City (inhlokodolobha, inhlangano kamasipala wesifundazwe), iMatanzas, iCienfuegos, iVilla Clara, iSancti Spiritus, iCiego de Avi La, Camaguey, Las Tunas, Holguin, Grama, Santiago, Guantanamo kanye neYouth Island Special Zone. Ngo-1492, uColumbus wahamba ngomkhumbi waya eCuba. I-Ancient yaba ikoloni laseSpain ngo-1511. Kusukela ngo-1868 kuya ku-1878, iCuba yaqala impi yayo yokuqala yokuzibusa ngokumelene nombuso waseSpain. NgoFebhuwari 1895, iqhawe lesizwe uJose Marti wahola iMpi Yesibili Yenkululeko. I-United States yathatha iCuba ngo-1898. IRiphabhlikhi yaseCuba yasungulwa ngoMeyi 20, 1902. NgoFebhuwari 1903, i-United States neCuba basayina "iSivumelwano Sokubuyisana." I-United States yaqasha ngenkani izizinda ezimbili zasolwandle futhi isangena eGuantanamo. Ngo-1933, leli sosha uBatista langena embusweni ngo-coup d'etat.Waphatha kabili kusukela ngo-1940 kuya ku-1944 nokusuka ngo-1952 kuya ku-1959, wasebenzisa ubushiqela bezempi. NgoJanuwari 1, 1959, uFidel Castro wahola amavukelambuso ukuba agumbuqele umbuso wamaBatista futhi wasungula uhulumeni wezinguquko.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Ngunxande ovundlile onesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi buka-2: 1. Ohlangothini lwe-flagpole kunonxantathu obomvu olinganayo onenkanyezi emhlophe ekhonjiwe emihlanu; uhlangothi lwangakwesokudla lwefulegi lwakhiwe ngemichilo emithathu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ububanzi kanye nemichilo emibili emhlophe ebanzi ehambisanayo futhi exhunyiwe. Unxantathu nezinkanyezi kuyizimpawu zenhlangano yokuguqula imfihlo yaseCuba, ekhombisa inkululeko, ukulingana, ubuzalwane negazi labashisekeli bezwe. Lesi sihlabani esikhombe amahlanu simele nokuthi iCuba yisizwe esizimele. Amabha amathathu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akhombisa ukuthi i-republic ezizayo izohlukaniswa izifundazwe ezintathu: iMpumalanga, iNtshonalanga, neCentral; imigoqo emhlophe ikhombisa ukuthi abantu baseCuba banenhloso emsulwa eMpini Yenkululeko.

11.23 million (2004). Ubuningi babantu ngabantu abangu-101 ngekhilomitha lesikwele ngalinye. Abamhlophe babe ngu-66%, abamnyama bangu-11%, izinhlanga ezixubekile zathola u-22%, kwathi amaShayina wona enza u-1%. Isibalo sabantu basemadolobheni sibalwa ngama-75.4%. Ulimi olusemthethweni iSpanishi. Ngokuyinhloko bakholelwa kubuKhatholika, ubu-Afrika, ubuProthestani nobuCuba.

Umnotho waseCuba kade wagcina imodeli eyodwa yokuthuthuka kwezomnotho ngokususelwa ekukhiqizeni ushukela. ICuba ingelinye lamazwe amakhulu akhiqiza ushukela emhlabeni futhi yaziwa njenge- "World Sugar Bowl". Imboni iphethwe imboni kashukela, ebanga ngaphezu kuka-7% womkhiqizo kashukela emhlabeni.Ukukhiqizwa kukashukela ngomuntu ngamunye kubalwa kuqala emhlabeni.Ivelu yonyaka yokukhishwa kwe-sucrose ibalelwa ku-40% wemali engenayo kuzwelonke. Ezolimo ikakhulukazi zitshala umoba, obanga u-55% womhlaba olimekayo wezwe. Okulandelayo ilayisi, ugwayi, ezisawolintshi, njll. Izigaxa zaseCuba zaziwa umhlaba wonke. Izinsizakusebenza zezimayini ikakhulukazi i-nickel, i-cobalt, ne-chromium, ngaphezu kwe-manganese nethusi. Izinqolobane zeCobalt zingamathani ayi-800,000, izinqolobane ze-nickel zingamathani ayizigidi eziyi-14.6, kanti i-chromium ingamathani ayizigidi ezi-2. Ukuhlanganiswa kwehlathi laseCuba cishe kungama-21%. Ucebile ngokhuni oluqinile oluyigugu. ICuba icebile ngezinsizakusebenza zokuvakasha, futhi amakhulu amabala amahle abonisa ugu njengama-emeralds. Ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo, amanzi acwebile, amabhishi esihlabathi esimhlophe kanye nezinye izindawo zemvelo ezenze leli lizwe eliyisiqhingi laziwa njenge "Pearl of the Caribbean" indawo yokuvakasha esezingeni lomhlaba nezokungcebeleka kwezempilo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iCuba izisebenzise ngokugcwele lezi zinzuzo eziyingqayizivele ukuthuthukisa ngamandla ezokuvakasha, ikwenze imboni yokuqala yezinsika emnothweni wezwe.

IHavana: inhlokodolobha yaseCuba. IHavana (la Habana) futhi idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eWest Indies. Unqamula idolobha laseMariana entshonalanga, iGulf of Mexico ngasenyakatho, noMfula i-Almendares ngasempumalanga. Inani labantu lingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-2.2 (1998). Yakhiwa ngo-1519. Yaba yinhloko dolobha kusukela ngo-1898. Kutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezinesimo sezulu esipholile nezinkathi ezimnandi, yaziwa njenge "Pearl of the Caribbean".

IHavana ingahlukaniswa kabili: idolobha elidala nedolobha elisha. Idolobha elidala lisenhlonhlweni esentshonalanga yeHavana Bay.Le ndawo incane futhi imigwaqo incane.Kusenezakhiwo eziningi zakudala ezinesitayela saseSpain.Kuyisihlalo sesigodlo sikamongameli. AmaShayina amaningi aphesheya kwezilwandle nawo ahlala lapha. I-Old Havana yindlu yengcebo yobuciko bokwakha, enezakhiwo zezitayela ezahlukahlukene ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene.Ku-1982, yabalwa njenge- "ifa lamasiko esintu" yi-UNESCO. Idolobha elisha liseduze noLwandle lweCaribbean, linezakhiwo ezihlanzekile nezihle, amahhotela kanokusho, amafulethi, izakhiwo zehhovisi likahulumeni, izingadi zomgwaqo, njll.

Maphakathi nedolobha, eceleni kweJose Marti Revolution Square, kunetshe lesikhumbuzo nesithombe esikhulu sethusi seqhawe lesizwe uJose Marti. Esigcawini esiku-9th Street, kunetshe lesikhumbuzo semabula elibomvu elingamamitha ayi-18 elakhiwe ngabantu baseCuba ngo-1931 lokuncoma amaShayina aphesheya kwempi yaseCuba Yokuzimela. Kubhalwe phansi kwesisekelo esimnyama kubhalwe ukuthi "Akukho maShayina eCuba angabahlaseli futhi akukho mbuka". Kukhona namasonto asendulo akhiwa ngo-1704, i-University of Havana yakhiwa ngo-1721, isigodlo esakhiwa ngo-1538-1544 njalo njalo.

IHavana itheku elaziwayo elinechweba elide nelincane, futhi umhubhe wakhiwa ezansi kwechweba ukuxhuma izinhlangothi zombili zomugqa. Ebhange elingakwesobunxele emnyango wechweba iMorro Castle eyakhiwe ngo-1632. Iziqongo eziwumqansa nezindawo eziyingozi ekuqaleni zazakhelwe ukuvikela abaphangi. Ngenkathi abokoloni baseBrithani behlasela uHawa ngo-1762, baphikiswa ngesibindi yiCuba Peasant Self-Defense Force phambi kweMorro Castle. Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, iMorro Castle yaba yijele leziphathimandla zaseSpain. Ngo-1978, uhulumeni waseCuba wakha indawo yabavakashi lapha ukwamukela izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Enqabeni yaseSan Carlos eCabaña Heights, ebheke edolobheni, ngaphesheya kwechweba, ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwezindonga namasango eHavana ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, umkhosi wenkanyamba wawubanjwa ngehora lesi-9 njalo ebusuku ukumemezela ukuvalwa kwamasango netheku. Isiko lokudubula izinganono lisahlala futhi seliyinto ebalulekile yezivakashi.