Cuba inovhara nharaunda inoita makiromita 110,860. Inowanikwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweGungwa reCaribbean, ndiyo nyika hombe yechitsuwa muWest Indies. Inotarisana neHaiti kumabvazuva, makiromita 140 kubva kuJamaica kumaodzanyemba, uye makiromita mazana maviri nemakumi maviri neshanu kubva kumucheto wekumaodzanyemba kweFlorida Peninsula kuchamhembe. Iyo inoumbwa zvinopfuura 1,600 zviwi zvihombe uye zvidiki senge Cuba Island uye Youth Island (yaimbova Pine Island). Mhenderekedzo yegungwa ingangoita makiromita zviuru mazana matanhatu. Nzvimbo zhinji yenzvimbo yakati sandara, iine makomo kumabvazuva uye pakati nepakati uye nzvimbo dzine makomo kumadokero.Gomo guru iMaestra Mountain.Pamusoro paro pakakwirira, Turkino, iri pamamita 1974 pamusoro pegungwa, inova nzvimbo yepamusoro soro munyika. Rwizi rukurusa iRwizi rwaKautuo, runoyerera nepakati pebani uye rwuri nyore kufashamira panguva yemvura. Matunhu mazhinji endima iyi ane mamiriro ekunze anogara achinaya masango, uye iwo chete materu anodzikira pamhenderekedzo yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero ane mamiriro ekunze ehuswa ane hunyanzvi hwepakati pagore hwe25.5 ° C. Inowanzo rohwa nemadutu, uye mimwe mwedzi inguva dzakaoma. Kunze kwenzvimbo shoma, kunaya kwegore kunopfuura mamirimita chiuru.

Nyika yakakamurwa kuva matunhu gumi nemana uye 1 nharaunda yakasarudzika. Kune maguta zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe mudunhu iri. Mazita emapurovhinzi ndeaya anotevera: Pinar del Rio, Havana, Havana City (guta guru, isangano rematunhu emakanzuru), Matanzas, Cienfuegos, Villa Clara, Sancti Spiritus, Ciego de Avi La, Camaguey, Las Tunas, Holguin, Grama, Santiago, Guantanamo uye Youth Island Yakakosha Zone.

Muna 1492, Columbus akaenda nechikepe kuCuba. Yakare yakava nyuchi yeSpain muna 1511. Kubva muna 1868 kusvika 1878, Cuba yakatanga hondo yayo yekutanga yekuzvitonga kuzorwa nekutonga kweSpain. MunaFebruary 1895, iro gamba renyika Jose Marti akatungamira Hondo yechipiri yeRusununguko. United States yakatora Cuba muna 1898. Republic of Cuba yakavambwa muna Chivabvu 20, 1902. Muna Kukadzi 1903, United States neCuba zvakasaina "Chibvumirano cheReciprocity." United States yakamanikidza nechisimba mabheseni maviri emahombekombe uye ichiri kutora base yeGuantanamo. Muna 1933, musoja Batista akatora masimba mukubvuta masimba, uye akange ari musimba kaviri kubva muna 1940 kusvika 1944 uye kubva muna 1952 kusvika muna 1959, akaita hutongi hwehudzvanyiriri. Musi waNdira 1, 1959, Fidel Castro akatungamira vapanduki kupidigura hutongi hweBatista uye nekumisikidza hurumende yechimurenga.

Mureza wenyika: Iyo yakatenderera yakatenderera ine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hwe2: 1. Padivi remutsetse une mutsvuku wakaenzana nekatatu ine nyeredzi chena-yakatwasuka; rudyi rwemureza rinoumbwa nemitsara mitatu yebhuruu yakafara uye mitsetse miviri michena michena yakafanana uye yakabatana. Iyo katatu nekenyeredzi ndizvo zviratidzo zvesangano rakavanzika rekuCuba shanduko, inoratidzira rusununguko, kuenzana, hukama uye neropa revatendi. Iyo nyeredzi-inonongedza shanu inomiririrawo kuti Cuba inyika yakazvimirira. Iwo matatu akapamhamha ebhuruu mabara anoratidza kuti ramangwana republic richakamurwa kuita matunhu matatu: Kumabvazuva, West, uye Central; iwo machena mabara anoratidza kuti vanhu veCuba vane chinangwa chakachena muHondo yeRusununguko.

11.23 mamirioni (2004). Huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu vanhu 101 pa sekiromita kiromita. Varungu vaisvika zvikamu makumi matanhatu nezvitanhatu kubva muzana, vatema vaisvika zvikamu gumi nezviviri kubva muzana, mujaho wakasanganiswa wakaita zvikamu makumi maviri nezviviri (22%), uye maChinese (1%). Vagari vemumaguta vanoverengera 75.4%. Mutauro wepamutemo chiSpanish. Kunyanya tenda muCatholic, Africanism, Protestantism uye Cubanism.

Hupfumi hweCuba hwakagara hwakagumisa modhi imwe yekusimudzira hupfumi zvichibva mukugadzirwa kweshuga. Cuba ndeimwe yenyika huru dzinogadzira shuga munyika uye inozivikanwa se "World Sugar Bowl". Iyo indasitiri yeshuga inotungamirwa neindasitiri yeshuga, iyo inoverengera zvinopfuura zvinomwe% zveshuga kugadzirwa kwepasi.Munhu wega wega kugadzirwa kweshuga inotanga kuve pasirese.Mutengo wegore unobuda weSucrose inosvika 40% yemari yenyika. Zvekurima zvinonyanya kurima nzimbe, uye nzvimbo yekudyara nzimbe inosvika 55% yevhu rinorimwa renyika. Inoteverwa nemupunga, fodya, maranjisi, nezvimwewo fodya dzeCuba dzinozivikanwa pasi rese. Zvicherwa zvemigodhi zvakanyanya nickel, cobalt, uye chromium, kuwedzera kune manganese nemhangura. Cobalt matura ari mazana emazana masere ematani, nickel akachengetedzwa ari miriyoni gumi nematanhatu ematani, uye chromium mamirioni maviri ematani. Kufukidzwa kwemasango eCuba kunosvika 21%. Akapfuma mumatanda akaoma akaoma. Cuba yakapfuma mune zvekushanya zviwanikwa, uye mazana enzvimbo dzinoonekera anowona mahombekombe kunge emeralds. Kupenya kwezuva, mvura yakajeka, mahombekombe ejecha jena uye zvimwe zvakasikwa zvakaita kuti nyika ino yechitsuwa izivikanwe se "Pearl yeCaribbean" nzvimbo yepasirese yevashanyi uye nzvimbo yekutandarira yehutano. Mumakore achangopfuura, Cuba yakashandisa zvizere izvi zvakasarudzika zvakanakira kusimudzira zvine simba kushanya, ichichiita indasitiri yekutanga mbiru muhupfumi hwenyika.

Havana: guta guru reCuba. Havana (la Habana) ndiro zvakare guta rakakura muWest Indies. Inoganhura guta reMariana kumadokero, Gulf yeMexico kuchamhembe, uye rwizi Almendares kumabvazuva. Huwandu hwevanhu hunopfuura mamirioni 2.2 (1998). Yakavakwa muna 1519. Yakava guta guru kubva muna 1898. Inowanikwa munzvimbo dzinopisa, ine mamiriro ekunze akapfava uye mwaka unofadza, inozivikanwa se "Pearl reCaribbean".

Havana inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: guta rekare neguta nyowani. Guta rekare riri pane peninsula kumadokero kweHavana Bay.Nzvimbo iyi idiki uye migwagwa yakatetepa.Pachine zvivakwa zvekare zvechiSpanish.Ndicho chigaro chemuzinda wamutungamiri wenyika. MaChinese mazhinji emhiri kwemakungwa anogarawo kuno. Old Havana imba yepfuma yezvivakwa zvehunyanzvi, ine zvivakwa zvemhando dzakasiyana panguva dzakasiyana.Muna 1982, yaive yakanyorwa se "tsika yemagariro evanhu" neUNESCO. Guta idzva iri padyo neGungwa reCaribbean, rine zvivakwa zvakatsvinda uye zvakanaka, mahotera emhando yepamusoro, mafurati, zvivakwa zvehofisi yehurumende, magadheni emigwagwa, nezvimwewo.

Pakati peguta, padivi peJose Marti Revolution Square, pane chiyeuchidzo uye chiumbwa chikuru chebronze chegamba renyika Jose Marti. Muchivara pa9th Street, pane 18-metres-yakatsvuka cylindrical marble monument yakavakwa nevanhu veCuba muna 1931 kurumbidza mhiri kwemakungwa maChinese muCuba Hondo yeRusununguko. Kwakanyorwa pachigadziko chevatema kwakanyorwa kuti "Hakuna maChinese muCuba vanoenda uye havasi vatengesi". Kune zvekare machechi ekare akavakwa muna 1704, Yunivhesiti yeHavana yakavakwa muna 1721, nhare yakavakwa muna 1538-1544 zvichingodaro.

Havana chiteshi chinozivikanwa chine gomba refu uye rakamanikana, uye mugero unovakwa pasi pezita rekubatanidza mativi maviri echidimbu. Kuruboshwe kubhangi pamusuwo weiyi bay Morro Castle yakavakwa muna 1632. Makomo marefu nenzvimbo dzine njodzi dzakatangira kuvakwa kudzivirira varwi. Vakoroni veBritain pavakarwisa Hawa muna 1762, vakapikiswa neushingi neCuba Peasant Kuzvidzivirira Kwemberi pamberi peMorro Castle. Kubva pakati pezana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe, Morro castle rakava jeri revane masimba veSpain colonial. Muna 1978, hurumende yeCuba yakavaka nzvimbo yevashanyi pano kuti igamuchire vashanyi kubva kumativi ese epasi. PaSan Carlos Castle muCabaña Heights, inotarisana neguta, kuyambuka bay, mushure mekuvakwa kwemadziro nemasuwo muHavana pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi17, mhemberero yemoto wecannon waiitwa na9 manheru manheru ega ega kuzivisa kuvharwa kwemasuwo nechiteshi. Tsika yekupfura makononi ichiripo uye yave chinhu chakakosha chevashanyi.