IGibhithe, igama eligcwele le-Arab Republic of Egypt, lihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-1.0145. Inqamula e-Asia nase-Afrika, inqamula eLibya entshonalanga, iSudan ngaseningizimu, uLwandle Olubomvu empumalanga nePalestine no-Israyeli empumalanga, neMedithera ngasenyakatho. Ingxenye enkulu yendawo yaseGibhithe isenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika kuphela INhlonhlo YaseSinayi empumalanga yeSuez Canal eseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia. IGibhithe inogu lolwandle olucishe lube ngamakhilomitha angama-2 900, kepha iyizwe elijwayelekile eliwugwadule, ne-96% yendawo yalo eyihlane.

Umfula iNayile, umfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni, ugijima amakhilomitha ayi-1,350 unqamula iGibhithe usuka eningizimu uye enyakatho, futhi waziwa ngokuthi "uMfula Wokuphila" eGibhithe. Izigodi eziwumngcingo ezakhiwe osebeni lweNayile kanye nezilwandle ezakhiwe emnyango wolwandle yizindawo ezicebile kakhulu eGibhithe. Yize le ndawo ibala kuphela u-4% womhlaba wezwe, uyikhaya labantu abangama-99% bezwe. ISuez Canal iyindawo enkulu yezokuthutha eYurophu, e-Asia nase-Afrika, exhuma oLwandle Olubomvu kanye neMedithera, futhi ixhumanisa i-Atlantic neLwandle lwaseNdiya. Inokubaluleka okukhulu kwezamasu nakwezomnotho. Amachibi amakhulu yiChibi Elikhulu Elibabayo kanye neTims Lake, kanye neNasser Reservoir (amakhilomitha-skwele angama-5 000), okuyichibi elikhulu lokuzenzela e-Afrika elenziwe yi-Aswan High Dam. Yonke indawo yomile futhi yomile. INile Delta nezindawo ezisogwini olusenyakatho kungokwesimo sezulu saseMedithera, okushisa okuphakathi kuka-12 ℃ ngoJanuwari nango-26 ℃ ngoJulayi; isilinganiso semvula saminyaka yonke singu-50-200 mm. Izindawo eziningi ezisele zingezesimo sezulu esishisayo sogwadule, kushisa futhi komile, izinga lokushisa endaweni eyihlane lingafinyelela kuma-40 ℃, kanti imvula yonyaka emaphakathi ingaphansi kuka-30 mm. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuMeyi unyaka nonyaka, kuvame ukuthi kube "nomoya oneminyaka engama-50 ubudala", ofaka isihlabathi namatshe futhi kulimaze izitshalo.

Izwe lihlukaniswe izifundazwe ezingama-26, nezifunda, amadolobha, izifunda kanye nemizana engaphansi kwalesi sifundazwe.

IGibhithe inomlando omude. Izwe elihlangene lobugqila lavela ngonyaka ka-3200 BC. Kepha emlandweni omude, iGibhithe lahlaselwa yizizwe eziningi futhi lanqotshwa ngokulandelana ngamaPheresiya, amaGrikhi, amaRoma, ama-Arabhu kanye namaTurkey. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, iGibhithe lalihlonywe ibutho laseBrithani futhi laba "yisizwe esivikelayo" saseBrithani. NgoJulayi 23, 1952, i- "Free Officers Organisation" eyayiholwa nguNasser yagumbuqela ubukhosi bakwaFarouk, yathatha izwe, yaqeda nomlando wokubusa kwamanye amazwe eGibhithe. NgoJuni 18, 1953, kwamenyezelwa iRiphabhlikhi yaseGibhithe, kwathi ngo-1971 yaphinde yaqanjwa igama kwathiwa yi-Arab Republic of Egypt.

IGibhithe inabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-73.67, iningi labo elihlala ezigodini zemifula nase-deltas. Ama-Arabhu ikakhulukazi. I-Islam iyinkolo yombuso futhi abalandeli bayo ikakhulukazi bangamaSunni, babala i-84% yabantu sebebonke. AmaKristu angamaCoptic namanye amakholwa enza cishe i-16%. Ulimi olusemthethweni yi-Arabhu, isiNgisi esijwayelekile nesiFulentshi.

Izinsizakusebenza eziyinhloko eGibhithe uwoyela, igesi yemvelo, i-phosphate, i-iron nokunye. Ngo-2003, iGibhithe yathola uwoyela ongahluziwe olwandle olujulile lweMedithera okokuqala ngqa, yathola insimu enkulu kakhulu yegesi yemvelo kuze kube manje e-Western Desert, futhi yavula ipayipi lokuqala legesi eliya eJordani. I-Aswan Dam ingelinye lamadamu ayisikhombisa amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, ngomthamo waminyaka yonke wokukhiqiza ugesi ongaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyishumi kWh. IGibhithe ingelinye lamazwe athuthukile kakhulu e-Afrika, kodwa isisekelo sayo sezimboni asibuthakathaka kangako.Izindwangu nokulungiswa kokudla yizimboni zendabuko, okubalwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yenani eliphelele lemikhiqizo yezimboni. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, izimpahla zokugqoka nezesikhumba, izinto zokwakha, usimende, umanyolo, imithi yezokwelapha, izinto zobumba kanye nefenisha kuthuthuke ngokushesha, futhi umanyolo wamakhemikhali ungazimela. Imboni kaphethiloli ithuthuke ngokushesha okukhulu, ibala u-18.63% we-GDP.

Umnotho waseGibhithe uphethwe ezolimo. Ezolimo zisesimweni esibalulekile emnothweni wezwe. Abantu bezolimo balinganiselwa cishe kuma-56% enani labantu bakulelizwe, kanti inani lezolimo liphuma cishe ku-18% womkhiqizo wezwe ophelele. INile Valley neDelta yizindawo ezichuma kakhulu eGibhithe, ezicebile ngemikhiqizo yezolimo efana nokotini, ukolweni, ilayisi, amakinati, umoba, amadethi, izithelo nemifino, nokotini omude onesihlakala kanye namawolintshi kuyaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Uhulumeni ubheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezolimo nasekukhulisweni komhlaba olimekayo. Imikhiqizo emikhulu yezolimo ukotini, ukolweni, ilayisi, ummbila, umoba, amabele, ifilakisi, amakinati, izithelo, imifino, njll. Imikhiqizo yezolimo ithumela kakhulu ukotini, amazambane nelayisi. IGibhithe inomlando omude, isiko elihle, izindawo eziningi ezithakazelisayo, futhi inezimo ezinhle zokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha. Okuheha izivakashi ngokuyinhloko yilezi: Pyramids, Sphinx, Al-Azhar Mosque, Ancient Castle, Greco-Roman Museum, Catba Castle, Montazah Palace, Luxor Temple, Karnak Temple, Valley of the Kings, I-Aswan Dam njll. Imali engenayo yezokuvakasha ingenye yemithombo eyinhloko yemali engenayo yokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe eGibhithe.

Inombolo enkulu yamaphiramidi, amathempeli namathuna asendulo atholakala eNayile Valley, oLwandle iMedithera, kanye noGwadule lwaseNtshonalanga konke kuyizinsalela zempucuko yasendulo yaseGibhithe. EGibhithe kutholakale imibhoshongo engaphezulu kuka-80. Amapiramidi amathathu amahle kanye ne-sphinx eyodwa emi ngokubabazekayo esifundazweni saseGiza saseCairo eNayile anomlando cishe weminyaka engama-4 700. Enkulu kunazo zonke iPhiramidi laseKhufu.Kuthathe cishe iminyaka engama-20 kubantu abayi-100,000 ukuyakha ngcezu. ISphinx ingaphezu kwamamitha angama-20 ukuphakama futhi cishe ibe ngamamitha angama-50. Yayiqoshwe edwaleni elikhulu. AmaPiramidi aseGiza kanye neSphinx ayizimangaliso emlandweni wokwakhiwa kwabantu, futhi ayisikhumbuzo somsebenzi onzima nokuhlakanipha okuvelele kwabantu baseGibhithe.

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Inhlokodolobha yaseGibhithe iCairo (Cairo) iwela umfula iNayile. Ubabazekayo futhi ubabazekayo. Ungowezombusazwe, ezomnotho kanye Isikhungo sebhizinisi. Iqukethe izifundazwe zaseCairo, Giza naseQalyub futhi yaziwa kakhulu njengeGreater Cairo. IGreater Cairo idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eGibhithe nasemhlabeni wama-Arabhu, futhi ngelinye lamadolobha amadala kakhulu emhlabeni. Inabantu abayizigidi eziyi-7.799 (Januwari 2006).