Georgia ili ndi dera lalikulu masikweya kilomita 69,700 ndipo lili kumadzulo chakumadzulo kwa Transcaucasus yolumikiza Eurasia, kuphatikiza gombe lonse la Black Sea la Transcaucasus, malo apakati a Mtsinje wa Kura ndi Alazani Valley, womwe umakhala mumtsinje wa Kura. Imadutsa Nyanja Yakuda kumadzulo, Turkey kumwera chakumadzulo, Russia kumpoto, ndi Azerbaijan ndi Republic of Armenia kumwera chakum'mawa. Pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa magawo atatu a gawo lonselo ndi madera amapiri ndi ma piedmont, okhala ndi zigwa zochepa za 13% yokha. Kumadzulo kuli nyengo yachinyontho ya m'nyanja yam'madzi, ndipo kum'mawa kuli nyengo yozizira kwambiri.

Zowunika

Georgia ili ndi dera lalikulu makilomita 69,700. Ili pakatikati chakumadzulo kwa Transcaucasus komwe kumalumikiza Eurasia, kuphatikiza gombe lonse la Black Sea la Transcaucasia, malo apakati a Mtsinje wa Kura ndi Alazani Valley, womwe umakhala mumtsinje wa Kura. Imadutsa Nyanja Yakuda kumadzulo, Turkey kumwera chakumadzulo, Russia kumpoto, ndi Azerbaijan ndi Republic of Armenia kumwera chakum'mawa. Pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa magawo atatu a gawo lonselo ndi madera amapiri ndi ma piedmont, okhala ndi zigwa zochepa za 13% yokha. Kumpoto kuli Mapiri Akulu a Caucasus, kumwera kuli Mapiri Aang'ono a Caucasus, ndipo pakati pali mapiri, zigwa ndi mapiri. Greater Caucasus ili ndi nsonga zambiri pamwamba pa 4000 mita pamwamba pa nyanja, ndipo nsonga yayitali kwambiri m'derali, Shikhara, ndi 5,068 mita pamwamba pamadzi. Mitsinje ikuluikulu ndi Kura ndi Rioni. Pali Nyanja Parawana ndi Nyanja ya Ritsa. Kumadzulo kuli nyengo yachinyontho ya m'nyanja yam'madzi, ndipo kum'mawa kuli nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Pali kusintha kwakukulu kwa nyengo konsekonse.Dera lokhala ndi kutalika kwa 490 mpaka 610 mita lili ndi nyengo yotentha, ndipo madera apamwamba ali ndi nyengo yozizira; madera omwe ali kumtunda kwa 2000 mita amakhala ndi nyengo yamapiri yopanda chilimwe; ndipo dera lomwe lili pamwambapa limakhala ndi chipale chofewa chaka chonse.

M'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi BC, ufumu waukapolo wa Korshida unakhazikitsidwa ku Georgia wamakono, ndipo boma lachifumu lidakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za 4 mpaka 6 AD. Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 6 mpaka 10 AD, idali pansi paulamuliro wa Sassanid Dynasty waku Iran, Ufumu wa Byzantine ndi Arab Caliphate. Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 6 mpaka 10 AD, dziko la Georgia lidakhazikitsidwa, ndipo kuyambira zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu mpaka koyambirira kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri, maulamuliro apamwamba a Kakhtya, Elegin, Tao-Klarzhet ndi Kingdom of Abkhazia adakhazikitsidwa. M'zaka za zana la 13 mpaka 14, a Mongol Tatars ndi a Timurs adalowerera motsatizana. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 15 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 17, maboma ambiri odziyimira pawokha komanso maufumu adayamba ku Georgia. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16 mpaka 18th, dziko la Georgia linali mpikisano pakati pa Iran ndi Turkey. Kuyambira 1801 mpaka 1864, Akuluakulu aku Georgia adalumikizidwa ndi Tsarist Russia ndikusinthidwa kukhala zigawo za Tiflis ndi Kutaisi. Mu 1918 asitikali aku Germany, Turkey ndi Britain adalanda Georgia. Pa Disembala 5, 1936, Georgia Socialist Republic idakhala republic ya Soviet Union. Declaration of Independence idaperekedwa pa Novembala 4, 1990, ndipo dzikolo lidasinthidwa Republic. Dziko la Soviet Union litatha, Georgia adalengeza ufulu wake pa Epulo 9, 1991, ndipo adalowa nawo CIS pa Okutobala 22, 1993. Mu 1995, Republic of Georgia idakhazikitsa lamulo latsopano, ndikusintha dzina la dzikolo kuchoka ku Republic of Georgia kukhala Georgia.

Mbendera: Pa Januware 14, 2004, Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku Georgia idapereka chikalata, ndikuganiza zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito mbendera yoyambirira yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1990 ndikuyikapo "mbendera yoyera pansi, 5 "Mtanda wofiira" mbendera yatsopano yadziko.

Georgia ali ndi anthu 4,401,300 (Januware 2006). Anthu a ku Georgia anali 70.1%, Armenia anali 8.1%, anthu a ku Russia anali 6.3%, Azerbaijan anali 5.7%, a Ossetia anali 3%, Abkhazia anali 1.8%, ndipo Agiriki anali 1.9%. Chilankhulo chachikulu ndi Chijojiya, ndipo nzika zambiri zimadziwa bwino Chirasha. Ambiri amakhulupirira Tchalitchi cha Orthodox ndipo ochepa amakhulupirira Chisilamu.

Georgia ndi dziko la mafakitale komanso laulimi lomwe lili ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zochepa. Pali malo ambiri okhala manganese ore komanso madzi ochuluka. Kupanga kwamakampani kumayang'aniridwa ndi miyala ya manganese, ferroalloys, mapaipi azitsulo, magalimoto amagetsi, magalimoto, zida zamakina odulira zitsulo, konkire wolimbitsa, ndi zina zambiri, makamaka migodi ya manganese. Zogulitsa zopepuka ndizodziwika bwino pokonza chakudya, ndipo zopangira zazikulu ndizakudya zamzitini ndi vinyo. Vinyo waku Georgia ndiwodziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Zaulimi makamaka zimaphatikizapo tiyi, zipatso, zipatso za mphesa komanso zipatso. Kuweta ziweto ndi sericulture zimapangidwa pang'ono. Mbewu zazikulu zachuma ndi fodya, mpendadzuwa, soya, shuga komanso zina zotero. Komabe, kupanga tirigu kumakhala kotsika ndipo sikungakhale kokhazikika. M'zaka zaposachedwa, Georgia yatulukiranso mafuta ndi gasi wambiri kumadera akumadzulo, kum'mawa ndi ku Black Sea. Pali madera ambiri odziwika bwino amchere omwe amapezeka ku Georgia, monga Gagra ndi Sukhumi.

Mizinda ikuluikulu

Tbilisi: Tbilisi ndiye likulu la Georgia komanso likulu lazandale, zachuma, komanso chikhalidwe. Ndi likulu lakale lodziwika bwino m'chigawo cha Transcaucasus. Ili pakati pa Greater Caucasus ndi Lesser Caucasus, pamalo abwino a Transcaucasus, m'malire ndi Mtsinje wa Kura, wokwera mamita 406 mpaka 522. Mtsinje wa Kura umadutsa chigwa chotsetsereka ku Tbilisi ndipo umayenda kuchokera kumpoto chakumadzulo kupita kumwera chakum'mawa mozungulira. Mzinda wonse umafikira kumapiri m'mbali mwa Mtsinje wa Kura. Ili ndi dera lalikulu makilomita 348.6, anthu 1.2 miliyoni (2004), komanso kutentha kwapakati pa 12.8 ° C pachaka.

Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, m'zaka za zana la 4 AD, mudzi wotchedwa Tbilisi m'mbali mwa Mtsinje wa Kura udakhala likulu la Georgia. Mbiri yakale kwambiri ya Tbilisi m'mabukuwa ndi kuzinga kuwukira kwakunja mzaka za 460s. Kuyambira pamenepo, mbiri ya Tbilisi yakhala yolumikizidwa kwamuyaya ndi nkhondo yayitali komanso bata kwakanthawi kochepa, kuwonongedwa kwankhanza kwa nkhondo, ndikumanga kwakukulu, chitukuko ndi kuchepa nkhondo itatha.

Tbilisi idalandidwa ndi Aperisi mzaka za 6th, komanso Byzantium and Arabs in the 7th century. Mu 1122, David II adapezanso Tbilisi ndikusankhidwa kukhala likulu la Georgia. Idalandidwa ndi a Mongol mu 1234, adalandidwa ndi Timur mu 1386, kenako adagwidwa ndi anthu aku Turkey kangapo. Mu 1795, Aperisi adayatsa moto mzindawu, ndikusandutsa Tbilisi kukhala nthaka yotentha. Kuyambira 1801 mpaka 1864, Akuluakulu aku Georgia adalumikizana ndi Ufumu wa Russia, ndipo Tbilisi idalandidwa ndi Russia. Pambuyo pa 1921, Soviet Union idasankha likulu la Republic of Georgia, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo idayamba ntchito yayikulu kwambiri yakumangidwe kwamatauni. Pambuyo pazaka zambiri zomanga mosalekeza, Tbilisi wakhala umodzi mwamizinda yokongola komanso yabwino kwambiri mu Soviet Union wakale. Pa Epulo 9, 1991, Republic of Georgia idalengeza ufulu wawo ndipo Tbilisi ndiye likulu la dzikolo.

Nyumba yokongola ya Georgia ya Sayansi Botanical Garden ili ku canyon kumwera chakum'mawa kwa nyumba yakale. Poyamba inali munda wakale wachifumu. Idasandulika National Botanical Garden ku 1845 ndipo pambuyo pake idasinthidwa kukhala Munda wa Botanical waku Georgia Academy of Science. Pali malo osambiramo pano, ndipo nthawi zakale anali malo ofunikira ku Tbilisi. Ili ndi gulu la nyumba zosambiramo za crypt. Anthu amagwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha achilengedwe okhala ndi sulufule ndi mchere kuchokera kuphiri loyandikana ndi Tabor kusamba. Zithandizo zamankhwala ndizabwino kwambiri. Yakhala malo otchuka okaona malo. Pitani kumpoto motsatira Bath Street ndipo mukafika ku Mtsinje wa Kura. Chithunzi chojambulidwa chokwera pamahatchi cha woyambitsa mzinda wakale wa Tbilisi chili pamwamba paphiri lalitali kumpoto kwa mtsinje wa Kura.

Tbilisi ndiye likulu la mafakitale ku Georgia, loyang'ana kwambiri makina opanga komanso kukonza mafakitale, nsalu, fodya, kufufuta ndi mafakitale ena opepuka, mafuta, zopangira mkaka ndi zakudya zina Makampani opanga zinthu amapangidwanso bwino. Mzindawu ndiwofunika kwambiri poyendetsa njanji ku Caucasus.Njanji yake yayikulu imagwirizanitsa Batumi, Baku, Yerevan ndi malo ena, ndipo pali misewu yambiri yomwe imadutsa apa, yolumikiza kunja ndi North Caucasus pamodzi, ndi dziko lomwe kale linali Soviet Union ndi madera ozungulira, komanso Europe. Pali njira zapaulendo m'mizinda yayikulu mdzikolo.