IGeorgia igubungela indawo ye-69,700 yeekhilomitha kwaye ibekwe kumbindi-ntshona weTranscaucasus edibanisa i-Eurasia, kubandakanya lonke unxweme loLwandle oluMnyama lweTranscaucasus, ukufikelela kumbindi woMlambo iKura kunye neAlazani Valley, umlambo weKura River. Imida yoLwandle oluMnyama ngasentshona, iTurkey ukuya emzantsi-ntshona, iRussia ukuya emantla, kunye neAzerbaijan kunye neRiphabhlikhi yaseArmenia emzantsi mpuma. Malunga nesibini kwisithathu sommandla wonke ziintaba kunye neepiedmont, kunye neendawo eziphantsi ezibala i-13% kuphela. Intshona inemozulu yolwandle efumileyo, kwaye empuma inemozulu eyomileyo yetropiki.

Ukujonga ngokubanzi

IGeorgia igubungela indawo engama-69,700 eekhilomitha eziqhelekileyo. Ifumaneka kumbindi-ntshona weTranscaucasus edibanisa i-Eurasia, kubandakanya nonxweme lonke loLwandle oluMnyama lweTranscaucasia, ukufikelela kumbindi woMlambo iKura kunye neAlazani Valley, umlambo weKura River. Imida yoLwandle oluMnyama ngasentshona, iTurkey ukuya emzantsi-ntshona, iRussia ukuya emantla, kunye neAzerbaijan kunye neRiphabhlikhi yaseArmenia emzantsi mpuma. Malunga nesibini kwisithathu sommandla wonke ziintaba kunye neepiedmont, kunye neendawo eziphantsi ezibala i-13% kuphela. Emantla ziiNtaba zeGreater Caucasus, emazantsi ziiNtaba zeCaucasus eziseZantsi, kwaye embindini ziindawo eziphantsi zeentaba, amathafa kunye namathafa. Iintaba zeGreater Caucasus zineencopho ezininzi ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-4000 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle, kwaye eyona ncopho iphakamileyo kule ndawo, iSikhara, ziimitha ezingama-5,068 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Imilambo ephambili yiKura kunye neRioni. Kukho iLake Parawana neChibi iRitsa. Intshona inemozulu yolwandle efumileyo, kwaye empuma inemozulu eyomileyo yetropiki. Imozulu iyahluka kakhulu kulo mmandla wonke.Ummandla onobude obuyi-490 ukuya kwi-610 yeemitha unemozulu eshushu, kwaye iindawo eziphakamileyo zinemozulu ebandayo; indawo engaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-2000 inemozulu ye-alpine engenalo ihlobo; kwaye indawo engaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-3500 inekhephu unyaka wonke. Kwinkulungwane ye-6th BC, ubukumkani bobukhoboka baseKorshida bamiselwa kwi-Georgia yanamhlanje, kwaye urhulumente wasebukhosini wasekwa nge-4 ukuya kwi-6th century AD. Ukusuka kwi-6th ukuya kwi-10th century AD, yayiphantsi kolawulo lwe-Sassanid Dynasty yase-Iran, uBukhosi baseByzantine kunye ne-Arab Caliphate. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-6 ukuya kwe-10 AD, ilizwe laseGeorgia lasekwa ngokusisiseko, kwaye ukusuka nge-8 ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-9, i-feudal principalities yaseKakhtya, Elegin, Tao-Klarzhet kunye ne-Kingdom of Abkhazia. Ngenkulungwane ye-13 ukuya kweye-14, i-Mongol Tatars kunye neTimurs zahlasela zilandelelana. Ukususela nge-15 ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-17, uninzi lweenkosi ezizimeleyo kunye nezikumkani zavela eGeorgia. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-16 ukuya kweye-18, iGeorgia yayiyeyona nto iphambili kukhuphiswano phakathi kweIran neTurkey. Ukususela ngo-1801 ukuya ku-1864, iiNqununu zaseGeorgia zahlonyelwa yiRussia yaseTsarist zatshintshelwa kumaphondo eTiflis naseKutaisi. Ngo-1918 amajoni aseJamani, amaTurkey nawaseBritane ahlasela iGeorgia. NgoDisemba 5, 1936, iRiphabhlikhi yaseSoviet yaseSoviet yaba yiriphabliki yeSoviet Union. Isibhengezo senkululeko sakhutshwa ngo-Novemba 4, 1990, kwaye eli lizwe labizwa ngokuba yiRiphabhlikhi yaseGeorgia. Emva kokuqhekeka kweSoviet Union, iGeorgia yabhengeza inkululeko ngo-Epreli 9, 1991, kwaye yajoyina ngokusesikweni i-CIS ngo-Okthobha 22, 1993. Ngo-1995, iRiphabhlikhi yaseGeorgia yapasisa umgaqo-siseko omtsha, itshintsha igama lelizwe ukusuka kwiRiphabhlikhi yase-Georgia yaya kwi-Georgia.

Iflegi: Ngomhla kaJanuwari 14, 2004, iPalamente yaseGeorgia yapasisa umthetho oyilwayo, igqiba kwelokuba iyeke ukusebenzisa iflegi yesizwe yoqobo eyamiselwa ngo-1990 kwaye endaweni yayo yafakwa "iflegi emhlophe ezantsi, "Umnqamlezo obomvu" iflegi entsha yesizwe.

IGeorgia inabemi abazizigidi ezi-4.401 (ngoJanuwari 2006). Abantu baseGeorgia bafumana i-70.1%, ama-Armenia enza i-8.1%, amaRashiya enza i-6.3%, i-Azerbaijan i-5.7%, i-Ossetians i-3%, i-Abkhazia i-1.8%, kwaye ama-Greek ayi-1.9%. Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni sisiGeorgia, kwaye uninzi lwabahlali baluchwephesha isiRashiya. Uninzi lukholelwa kwiCawa yamaOthodoki kwaye abambalwa bakholelwa kwi-Islam.

IGeorgia lilizwe lezemizi-mveliso nezolimo elinobutyebi bendalo obuhlwempuzekileyo.Izimbiwa ziphambili zibandakanya amalahle, ubhedu, isinyithi sepete kunye nelitye elinzima. Kukho intaphane yoovimba be manganese ore kunye nobutyebi bamanzi obuninzi. Imveliso yoshishino ilawulwa yi-manganese ore, i-ferroalloys, iipayipi zensimbi, ii-locomotives zombane, iilori, izixhobo zokusika izinyithi, ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo, njl njl, ngakumbi kwimigodi ye-manganese ore. Iimveliso zeshishini lokukhanya zidume ngokuqhubekeka kokutya, kwaye ezona mveliso ziphambili kukutya okunkonkxiweyo kunye newayini. Iwayini zaseGeorgia zidume kwihlabathi liphela. Ezolimo ikakhulu zibandakanya ishishini leti, isitrasi, umdiliya kunye nokulima umthi weziqhamo. Ukufuya izilwanyana kunye nokulima ngokulima kuphuhlisiwe. Ezona mveliso ziphambili zoqoqosho licuba, ujongilanga, iimbotyi zesoya, isweet beet njalo njalo. Nangona kunjalo, imveliso yokutya okuziinkozo iphantsi kwaye ayinako ukuzimela. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iGeorgia ikwafumanise intabalala yeoyile kunye nemithombo yegesi yendalo kwimimandla yasentshona, empuma nakuLwandle oluMnyama. Zininzi iindawo ezaziwayo zokuchacha kwentwasahlobo kunye neendawo zemozulu zempiliso eGeorgia, ezinje ngeGagra kunye neSukhumi.

Iidolophu eziphambili

Tbilisi: I-Tbilisi likomkhulu lase-Georgia kunye nezopolitiko zesizwe, ezoqoqosho kunye neziko lezenkcubeko. Ikwayinkunzi eyaziwayo yakudala eTranscaucasus. Ime phakathi kwe-Greater Caucasus kunye ne-Caucasus eNcinci, kwindawo yeqhinga laseTranscaucasus, kufutshane ne-Kura River, ene-406 ukuya kuma-522 eemitha eziphakamileyo. Umlambo iKura ugqitha kumwonyo oseTbilisi kwaye uqukuqela usuka emntla ntshona uye kumazantsi mpuma ubume oburhabaxa.Isixeko sonke sinabela emazantsi eentaba zoMlambo iKura ngezitepsi. Inommandla weekhilomitha ezingama-348.6, ubuninzi bezigidi eziyi-1.2 (2004), kunye neqondo lobushushu eliphakathi le-12.8 ° C. Ngokweengxelo zembali, ngenkulungwane ye-4 AD, indawo yokuhlala ebizwa ngokuba yiTbilisi ecaleni kweKura River yaba likomkhulu laseGeorgia. Ingxelo yokuqala yaseTbilisi kuncwadi kukungqinga uhlaselo lwangaphandle kwii-460s. Ukusukela ngoko, imbali yaseTbilisi ihlala inxibelelene nemfazwe ende kunye noxolo lwexeshana, intshabalalo ekhohlakeleyo yemfazwe, kunye nolwakhiwo olukhulu, ukuchuma kunye nokwehla emva kwemfazwe.

I-Tbilisi yayihlala amaPersi ngenkulungwane ye-6, kunye neByzantium kunye nama-Arabhu kwinkulungwane ye-7. Ngo-1122, iTbilisi yaphinda yafunyanwa nguDavid II kwaye yabekwa njengekomkhulu laseGeorgia. Yathinjwa ngamaMongol ngo-1234, yaphangwa nguTimur ngo-1386, yaza yathathwa ngamaTurkey amatyeli aliqela. Ngo-1795, amaPersi asitshisa isixeko, ajika iTbilisi yaza yatshisa umhlaba. Ukususela ngo-1801 ukuya ku-1864, iiNqununu zaseGeorgia zadityaniswa kubukhosi baseRussia, kwaye iTbilisi yahlonyelwa yiRussia. Phambi kowe-1921, iSoviet Union yayinyula njengekomkhulu leRiphabhlikhi yaseGeorgia, kwaye ukusukela ngoko yaqala ngemisebenzi emikhulu yokwakha ezidolophini. Emva kwamashumi eminyaka yokwakha okuqhubekayo, iTbilisi ibe sesinye sezixeko ezintle nezintle kwindawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union. Ngo-Epreli 9, 1991, iRiphabhlikhi yaseGeorgia yabhengeza inkululeko yayo kwaye iTbilisi yayilikomkhulu.

I-Tbilisi liziko lemizi-mveliso laseGeorgia, eligxile kwimveliso yoomatshini nakwimizi-mveliso yokulungisa isinyithi, amalaphu, icuba, ukushuka kunye namanye amashishini akhanyayo, ioyile, iimveliso zobisi kunye nokunye ukutya Icandelo lokwenza imveliso nalo liphuhlisiwe. Isixeko sikwindawo ebalulekileyo yezothutho eCaucasus.Umgaqo kaloliwe ophambili udibanisa iBatumi, iBaku, iYerevan nezinye iindawo, kwaye zininzi iindlela ezinqumlayo apha, ezidibanisa umphandle noMntla weCaucasus kunye, nendawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo, kunye neYurophu. Kukho iindlela zomoya kwizixeko ezikhulu zelizwe.