Jeworujiya ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 69.700 kandi iherereye mu burengerazuba bwo hagati ya Transcaucasus ihuza Eurasia, harimo inkombe zose z'inyanja Yirabura ya Transcaucasus, hagati y’umugezi wa Kura no mu kibaya cya Alazani, uruzi rwa Kura. Irahana imbibi n'Inyanja Yirabura mu burengerazuba, Turukiya mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, Uburusiya mu majyaruguru, na Azaribayijan na Repubulika ya Arumeniya mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba. Hafi ya bibiri bya gatatu by'ubutaka bwose ni uduce twimisozi miremire, hamwe nubutayu bugera kuri 13% gusa. Iburengerazuba bifite ikirere cyo mu nyanja gishyuha, naho iburasirazuba gifite ikirere cyumye.

Reba neza

Jeworujiya ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 69.700. Iherereye mu burengerazuba bwo hagati ya Transcaucasus ihuza Eurasia, harimo inkombe zose z'inyanja Yirabura ya Transcaucasia, imigezi yo hagati y'uruzi rwa Kura n'ikibaya cya Alazani, uruzi rw'umugezi wa Kura. Irahana imbibi n'Inyanja Yirabura mu burengerazuba, Turukiya mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, Uburusiya mu majyaruguru, na Azaribayijan na Repubulika ya Arumeniya mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba. Hafi ya bibiri bya gatatu by'ubutaka bwose ni uduce twimisozi miremire, hamwe nubutayu bugera kuri 13% gusa. Mu majyaruguru hari imisozi minini ya Caucase, mu majyepfo hari imisozi mito ya Caucase, naho hagati ni imisozi miremire, ibibaya n'ibibaya. Imisozi miremire ya Caucase ifite impinga nyinshi hejuru ya metero 4000 hejuru yinyanja, naho impinga ndende muri kariya gace, Shikhara, ni metero 5.068 hejuru yinyanja. Inzuzi nyamukuru ni Kura na Rioni. Hano hari ikiyaga cya Parawana n'ikiyaga cya Ritsa. Iburengerazuba bifite ikirere cyo mu nyanja gishyuha, naho iburasirazuba gifite ikirere cyumye. Hariho imihindagurikire ihindagurika y’ikirere ahantu hose.Ubuso bufite ubutumburuke bwa metero 490 kugeza kuri 610 bufite ikirere gishyuha, kandi ahantu hirengeye hafite ikirere gikonje; uturere turi hejuru y’uburebure bwa metero 2000 dufite ikirere cy’imisozi idafite icyi; kandi ubuso buri hejuru ya metero 3500 bufite urubura umwaka wose.

Mu kinyejana cya 6 mbere ya Yesu, ubwami bw'ubucakara bwa Korshida bwashinzwe muri Jeworujiya ya none, kandi hashyizweho igihugu cya feodal mu kinyejana cya 4 kugeza mu cya 6 nyuma ya Yesu. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 6 kugeza mu cya 10 nyuma ya Yesu, byategekwaga n'ingoma ya Sassanid ya Irani, Ingoma ya Byzantine na Califa y'Abarabu. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 6 kugeza mu cya 10 nyuma ya Yesu, igihugu cya Jeworujiya cyashinzwe ahanini, kandi kuva mu wa 8 kugeza mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 9, hashyizweho ibikomangoma bya feodal bya Kakhtya, Elegin, Tao-Klarzhet n'Ubwami bwa Abkhaziya. Mu kinyejana cya 13 kugeza ku cya 14, Abatutsi n'Abamongoli bateye bakurikiranye. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 15 kugeza mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17, muri Jeworujiya hagaragaye ibikomangoma byinshi n'ubwami byinshi byigenga. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 16 kugeza mu cya 18, Jeworujiya niyo yahanganye na Irani na Turukiya. Kuva mu 1801 kugeza 1864, Abayobozi ba Jeworujiya bigaruriwe n'Uburusiya bwa cyami maze bahinduka intara za Tiflis na Kutaisi. Mu 1918 ingabo z’Abadage, Turukiya n’Ubwongereza zateye Jeworujiya. Ku ya 5 Ukuboza 1936, Repubulika y'Abasoviyeti y'Abasoviyeti ya Jeworujiya yabaye repubulika y'Abasoviyeti. Itangazo ry’ubwigenge ryatanzwe ku ya 4 Ugushyingo 1990, kandi igihugu cyiswe Repubulika ya Jeworujiya. Nyuma y’isenyuka ry’Abasoviyeti, Jeworujiya yatangaje ubwigenge ku ya 9 Mata 1991, maze yinjira mu bihugu by’Umuryango w’abibumbye ku ya 22 Ukwakira 1993. Mu 1995, Repubulika ya Jeworujiya yemeje itegeko nshinga rishya, rihindura izina ry'igihugu riva muri Repubulika ya mbere ya Jeworujiya rihinduka Jeworujiya.

Ibendera: Ku ya 14 Mutarama 2004, Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Jeworujiya yemeje umushinga w'itegeko, ifata icyemezo cyo guhagarika gukoresha ibendera ry'umwimerere ry'igihugu ryemejwe mu 1990 maze risimbuzwa "ibendera ryera ryera, 5 "Umusaraba utukura" ibendera rishya ryigihugu.

Jeworujiya ituwe na miliyoni 4.401 (Mutarama 2006). Abanya Jeworujiya bangana na 70.1%, Abanyarumeniya bangana na 8.1%, Abarusiya bangana na 6.3%, Abanya Azaribayijan bangana na 5.7%, Abanya-Ossetiya bangana na 3%, Abkhaziya bangana na 1.8%, Abagereki na 1.9%. Ururimi rwemewe ni Jeworujiya, kandi abaturage benshi bazi Ikirusiya. Benshi bizera Itorero rya orotodogisi naho bake bemera Islam.

Jeworujiya ni igihugu cy’inganda n’ubuhinzi gifite umutungo kamere muke. Amabuye y'agaciro nyamukuru arimo amakara, umuringa, ubutare bwa polymetallic, n'amabuye y'agaciro aremereye. Hano hari amabuye menshi ya manganese hamwe n'amazi menshi. Umusaruro w’inganda wiganjemo ubutare bwa manganese, ferroalloys, imiyoboro yicyuma, moteri y’amashanyarazi, amakamyo, ibikoresho byo gukata ibyuma, ibyuma bishimangira, nibindi, cyane cyane mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye ya manganese. Ibicuruzwa byinganda byoroheje bizwi cyane mugutunganya ibiryo, nibicuruzwa byingenzi ni ibiryo bya divayi. Divayi ya Jeworujiya irazwi kwisi yose. Ubuhinzi bukubiyemo cyane cyane inganda zicyayi, citrusi, inzabibu no guhinga ibiti byimbuto. Ubworozi n'ubworozi byateye imbere ugereranije. Ibihingwa nyamukuru byubukungu ni itabi, urumuri rwizuba, soya, beterave nibindi. Nyamara, umusaruro w'ingano ni muke kandi ntushobora kwihaza. Mu myaka yashize, Jeworujiya yavumbuye kandi peteroli nyinshi na gaze gasanzwe mu turere two mu burengerazuba, mu burasirazuba no mu nyanja Yirabura. Muri Jeworujiya hari ahantu henshi hazwi cyane hasubirwamo amabuye y'agaciro hamwe n’ahantu h’ubuzima bw’ikirere, nka Gagra na Sukhumi.

Imijyi minini

Tbilisi: Tbilisi ni umurwa mukuru wa Jeworujiya hamwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu cya politiki, ubukungu, n’umuco. Numurwa mukuru uzwi cyane mukarere ka Transcaucas. Iherereye hagati ya Caucase nini na Caucase Ntoya, ahateganye na Transcaucase, ihana imbibi n'umugezi wa Kura, ku butumburuke bwa metero 406 kugeza 522. Umugezi wa Kura unyura mu mwobo muremure muri Tbilisi kandi utemba uva mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba ugana mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba mu buryo bwubatswe.Umujyi wose urambuye werekeza ku birenge bikikije inkombe z'umugezi wa Kura mu ntambwe. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 348,6, abaturage miliyoni 1.2 (2004), n'ubushyuhe buri mwaka bwa 12.8 ° C.

Dukurikije amateka, mu kinyejana cya 4 nyuma ya Yesu, umudugudu witwa Tbilisi ukikije uruzi rwa Kura wabaye umurwa mukuru wa Jeworujiya. Amateka ya mbere ya Tbilisi mubuvanganzo ni ukugota igitero cy'amahanga muri 460. Kuva icyo gihe, amateka ya Tbilisi yagiye afitanye isano iteka n'intambara yamaze igihe kirekire n'amahoro y'igihe gito, gusenya intambara mu buryo bunyamaswa, hamwe n'ubwubatsi bunini, gutera imbere no kugabanuka nyuma y'intambara.

Tbilisi yigaruriwe n'Abaperesi mu kinyejana cya 6, na Byzantium n'Abarabu mu kinyejana cya 7. Mu 1122, Tbilisi yagaruwe na David II agirwa umurwa mukuru wa Jeworujiya. Yafashwe n'Abamongoli mu 1234, isahurwa na Timur mu 1386, hanyuma ifatwa n'Abanyaturukiya inshuro nyinshi. Mu 1795, Abaperesi batwitse umujyi, bahindura Tbilisi isi yaka. Kuva mu 1801 kugeza 1864, Abaganwa ba Jeworujiya binjiye mu Bwami bw'Uburusiya, maze Tbilisi yigarurirwa n'Uburusiya. Mbere ya 1921, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zagennye ko ari umurwa mukuru wa Repubulika ya Jeworujiya, kandi kuva icyo gihe zitangira ibikorwa binini cyane byo kubaka imijyi bitigeze bibaho. Nyuma yimyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo yubatswe, Tbilisi yabaye umwe mu mijyi myiza kandi myiza mu cyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. Ku ya 9 Mata 1991, Repubulika ya Jeworujiya yatangaje ubwigenge bwayo naho Tbilisi ni umurwa mukuru.

Ubusitani bwiza bwa Jeworujiya ya siyansi yubumenyi bwa Botanika iherereye muri kanyoni mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’ikigo cya kera. Ubusanzwe yari ubusitani bwibwami bwa kera. Yahinduwe mu busitani bw’ibimera mu 1845 nyuma buhinduka buhinduka Ubusitani bwibimera bwa Jeworujiya yubumenyi. Hano hari ahantu ho kwiyuhagira, kandi mubihe bya kera byari agace ka spa gakomeye muri Tbilisi. Iri ni itsinda ryinyubako zo kwiyuhagiriramo. Abantu bakoresha amazi asanzwe ashyushye arimo sulfure namabuye y'agaciro ava kumusozi wa Tabor yegeranye kugirango boge.Ingaruka zubuvuzi ninziza. Yabaye ahantu hazwi cyane h’ubukerarugendo. Jya mu majyaruguru unyuze ku Muhanda wa Bath uzagera ku mugezi wa Kura.Igishusho kirekire cyo kugendera ku mafarashi washinze umujyi wa kera wa Tbilisi gihagaze ku gitanda kinini kiri ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru y'uruzi rwa Kura.

Tbilisi ni ikigo cy’inganda cya Jeworujiya, cyibanda ku gukora imashini n’inganda zitunganya ibyuma, imyenda, itabi, uruganda n’inganda zoroheje, amavuta, ibikomoka ku mata n’ibindi biribwa Inganda zitunganya nazo zateye imbere. Uyu mujyi kandi ni ihuriro rikomeye ry’ubwikorezi muri Caucase.Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi nyamukuru uhuza Batumi, Baku, Yerevan n'ahandi, kandi hari imihanda myinshi inyura hano, ihuza hanze na Caucase y'Amajyaruguru hamwe, hamwe n'icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti n'uturere tuyikikije, n'Uburayi. Hariho inzira zindege mumijyi minini yigihugu.