IGeorgia ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-69,700 futhi itholakala maphakathi nentshonalanga yeTranscaucasus exhuma i-Eurasia, kufaka phakathi lonke ugu lolwandle olumnyama lwaseTranscaucasus, ukufinyelela okuphakathi komfula iKura kanye ne-Alazani Valley, umfudlana woMfula iKura. Unqamula uLwandle Olumnyama entshonalanga, iTurkey iya eningizimu-ntshonalanga, iRussia iya enyakatho, ne-Azerbaijan neRiphabhuliki yase-Armenia ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga. Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zensimu yonke ziyizintaba nezindawo ze-piedmont, nezindawo eziphansi ezibalwa ngo-13% kuphela. Intshonalanga inesimo sezulu sasolwandle esinomswakama, kanti empumalanga kunesimo sezulu esomile esishisayo.

Ukubuka konke

IGeorgia ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-69,700. Kutholakala maphakathi nentshonalanga yeTranscaucasus exhumanisa i-Eurasia, kufaka phakathi lonke ugu lolwandle olumnyama lwaseTranscaucasia, ukufinyelela okuphakathi komfula iKura kanye ne-Alazani Valley, umfudlana woMfula iKura. Unqamula uLwandle Olumnyama entshonalanga, iTurkey iya eningizimu-ntshonalanga, iRussia iya enyakatho, ne-Azerbaijan neRiphabhuliki yase-Armenia ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga. Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zensimu yonke ziyizintaba nezindawo ze-piedmont, nezindawo eziphansi ezibalwa ngo-13% kuphela. Enyakatho kunezintaba zeGreater Caucasus, eningizimu kunezintaba ze-Lesser Caucasus, kanti phakathi kukhona izindawo eziphansi zezintaba, amathafa namathafa. Izintaba zeGreater Caucasus zineziqongo eziningi ezingaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-4000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kanti isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke kuleyo nsimu, iShikhara, singamamitha angu-5,068 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Imifula emikhulu iKura neRioni. Kukhona iLake Parawana neChibi iRitsa. Intshonalanga inesimo sezulu sasolwandle esinomswakama, kanti empumalanga kunesimo sezulu esomile esishisayo. Isimo sezulu sihluka kakhulu esifundeni sonke.Indawo enobude obungamamitha angama-490 kuye kwayi-610 inesimo sezulu esishisayo, kanti izindawo eziphakemeyo zinesimo sezulu esibandayo; indawo engaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-2000 inesimo sezulu sezintaba esingenalo ihlobo; futhi indawo engaphezulu kwamamitha angama-3500 ineqhwa unyaka wonke.

Ngekhulu le-6 BC, umbuso wobugqila waseKorshida wasungulwa eGeorgia yanamuhla, kwathi umbuso wamakhosi wasungulwa ngekhulu lesi-4 kuya kwelesi-6 AD. Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-6 kuya kwele-10 AD, kwakungaphansi kombuso weSassanid Dynasty yase-Iran, uMbuso WaseByzantium kanye ne-Arab Caliphate. Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-6 kuya kwele-10 AD, isizwe saseGeorgia sakhiwa ngokuyisisekelo, futhi kusukela ngelesi-8 kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-9, kwakhiwa izikhulu zombuso waseKakhtya, i-Elegin, iTao-Klarzhet kanye noMbuso wase-Abkhazia. Ngekhulu le-13 kuya kwele-14 leminyaka, amaMongol AmaTatar namaTimur ahlasela ngokulandelana. Kusukela ngekhulu le-15 kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, kwavela iziphathimandla eziningi ezizimele nemibuso eGeorgia. Kusukela ngekhulu le-16 kuya kwele-18, iGeorgia kwaba yinto yokuncintisana phakathi kwe-Iran neTurkey. Ukusuka ku-1801 kuya ku-1864, i-Principalities of Georgia yafakwa yi-Tsarist Russia futhi yashintshelwa ezifundazweni zaseTiflis naseKutaisi. Ngo-1918 amabutho amaJalimane, amaTurkey nawaseBrithani ahlasela iGeorgia. Ngo-December 5, 1936, iGeorgian Soviet Socialist Republic yaba i-republic yaseSoviet Union. Isimemezelo Sokuzimela sakhishwa ngoNovemba 4, 1990, futhi izwe laqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi yiRiphabhuliki yaseGeorgia. Ngemuva kokuhlakazeka kweSoviet Union, iGeorgia yamemezela inkululeko ngo-Ephreli 9, 1991, futhi yajoyina ngokusemthethweni i-CIS ngo-Okthoba 22, 1993. Ngo-1995, iRiphabhulikhi yaseGeorgia yadlulisa umthethosisekelo omusha, yaguqula igama lezwe lasuka eRepublic of Georgia laya eGeorgia.

Ifulegi: NgoJanuwari 14, 2004, iPhalamende laseGeorgia laphasisa umthethosivivinywa, lathatha isinqumo sokuyeka ukusebenzisa ifulegi lesizwe lasekuqaleni elalinqunywa ngo-1990 futhi esikhundleni salo lafakwa “ifulegi elimhlophe phansi, 5 Ifulegi likazwelonke elisha "lesiphambano esibomvu".

IGeorgia inabantu abangu-4,401,300 (Januwari 2006). Abantu baseGeorgia baba ngu-70.1%, abase-Armenia baba ngu-8.1%, abaseRussia bathole u-6.3%, abase-Azerbaijan baba ngu-5.7%, ama-Ossetians enza u-3%, i-Abkhazia yona yaba ngu-1.8%, amaGreek wona aba ngu-1.9%. Ulimi olusemthethweni isiGeorgia, futhi izakhamizi eziningi ziyazi kahle isiRashiya. Iningi likholelwa e-Orthodox Church kanti abambalwa bakholelwa ku-Islam.

Amadolobha amakhulu

Tbilisi: ITbilisi iyinhloko-dolobha yaseGeorgia kanye nesikhungo sikazwelonke sezepolitiki, sezomnotho kanye nesiko. Futhi inhlokodolobha yasendulo edumile esifundeni iTranscaucasus. Itholakala phakathi kweGreater Caucasus neLower Caucasus, endaweni yamasu eTranscaucasus, emngceleni woMfula iKura, ngamamitha angama-406 kuye kuma-522. UMfula iKura udlula emhosheni omkhulu eTbilisi futhi ugeleza usuke enyakatho-ntshonalanga uye eningizimu-mpumalanga umi ngendlela eyi-arched. Idolobha lonke linweba libheke ngasezintabeni ezisogwini loMfula iKura ngezitebhisi. Inendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-348.6, isibalo sabantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.2 (2004), kanye nokushisa okuphakathi konyaka okuyi-12.8 ° C.

Ngokwamarekhodi omlando, ngekhulu lesi-4 AD, indawo ebizwa ngokuthi iTbilisi egudle uMfula iKura yaba inhlokodolobha yaseGeorgia. Irekhodi lokuqala laseTbilisi emibhalweni ukuvimbezela ukuhlasela kwangaphandle eminyakeni yama-460s. Kusukela lapho, umlando waseTbilisi ubuxhunywe unomphela nempi ethathe isikhathi eside nokuthula kwesikhashana, ukubhujiswa ngonya kwempi, nokwakhiwa okukhulu, ukuchuma nokwehla ngemuva kwempi.

ITbilisi yayihlala amaPheresiya ngekhulu lesi-6, kanye neByzantium kanye nama-Arabhu ngekhulu lesi-7. Ngo-1122, iTbilisi yatholwa nguDavid II futhi yaqokwa njengenhloko-dolobha yaseGeorgia. Yathunjwa ngamaMongol ngo-1234, yaphangwa nguTimur ngo-1386, yabe isibanjwa amaTurkey amahlandla amaningi. Ngo-1795, amaPheresiya athungela ngomlilo idolobha, aguqula iTbilisi yaba ngumhlaba oshile. Kusukela ngo-1801 kuya ku-1864, iziNhloko zaseGeorgia zahlangana noMbuso WaseRussia, kwathi iTbilisi yahlanganiswa neRussia. Ngaphambi kuka-1921, iSoviet Union yayiqoka njengenhlokodolobha yeRiphabhliki yaseGeorgia, futhi kusukela lapho yaqala imisebenzi engakaze ibonwe yokwakha amadolobha amakhulu. Ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka yokwakhiwa okuqhubekayo, iTbilisi isiphenduke elinye lamadolobha amahle kakhulu futhi anethezekile ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union. Ngo-Ephreli 9, 1991, iRiphabhlikhi yaseGeorgia yamemezela inkululeko yayo kanti iTbilisi yayiyinhloko-dolobha.

Isikhungo esihle saseGeorgian of Sciences Botanical Garden sise-canyon eningizimu-mpumalanga yenqaba yasendulo. Ekuqaleni sasiyinsimu yakudala yasesigodlweni.Yaguqulwa yaba yiNational Botanical Garden ngo-1845 futhi kamuva yashintshwa yaba Ingadi yeBotanical yeGeorgian Academy of Science. Kukhona indawo yokugeza lapha, futhi ezikhathini zasendulo le bekuyindawo ebalulekile ye-spa eTbilisi. Leli yiqembu lezakhiwo zokugeza ezinesitayela se-crypt. Abantu basebenzisa amanzi asentwasahlobo ashisayo wemvelo aqukethe isalfure namaminerali asuka entabeni eseduze neThabor ukugeza. Umphumela wezokwelapha muhle kakhulu. Sekuyindawo edumile yezokuvakasha. Iya enyakatho ngomgwaqo uBath Street uzofika eMfuleni iKura. Isifanekiso esinde sokugibela amahhashi somsunguli wedolobha lasendulo iTbilisi simi endaweni ephakeme esezansi osebeni lomfula iKura.

ITbilisi iyisikhungo sezimboni saseGeorgia, esigxile embonini yokukhiqiza imishini nezimboni ezisebenza ngensimbi, izindwangu, ugwayi, ukushuka nezinye izimboni ezikhanyayo, uwoyela, imikhiqizo yobisi nokunye ukudla Imboni yokucubungula nayo ithuthukiswe ngokuqhathaniswa. Idolobha futhi liyindawo ebalulekile yezokuthutha eCaucasus.Ujantshi walo omkhulu uxhuma iBatumi, iBaku, iYerevan nezinye izindawo, futhi kunemigwaqo eminingi ewela lapha, exhuma ingaphandle neNyakatho yeCaucasus ndawonye, ​​nezwe elaliyiSoviet Union nezindawo ezizungezile, iYurophu Kunemizila yezindiza kwamanye amadolobha amakhulu ezwe.