Kyrgyzstan, the full name of the Kyrgyz Republic, covers an area of ​​198,500 square kilometers. It is a landlocked country in Central Asia. It borders Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan to the north, west and south, and Xinjiang, China in the southeast. For neighbors. The territory is mountainous and is known as the "Mountain Country of Central Asia". The whole territory is above 500 meters above sea level, 90% of the territory is above 1500 meters above sea level, one-third of the area is between 3000 and 4000 meters above sea level, and four-fifths are mountains with heavy mountains and snow peaks among the mountains The valleys are scattered and interesting, with picturesque scenery. The Tianshan Mountains and Pamir-Alai Mountains stretch across the border between China and Kyrgyzstan. Shengli Peak is the highest point, 7439 meters high. The lowlands occupy only 15% of the land area and are mainly distributed in the Fergana Basin in the southwest and the Taras Valley in the north. The alpine terrain provides good conditions for the growth of a variety of animals and plants. Kyrgyzstan has a wide variety of animals and plants, with about 4,000 species of plants, and has the reputation of "mountain oasis". There are peach trees in the south for thousands of years, and there are rare animals red deer, brown bear, lynx, snow leopard, etc. in the mountains. The main rivers are Naryn River and Chu River. It has a continental climate. The average temperature in most valleys is -6°C in January and 15 to 25°C in July. The annual precipitation is 200 mm in the middle and 800 mm on the northern and western slopes. Located in the lofty mountains in the east, Lake Issyk-Kul has an altitude of more than 1,600 meters and an area of ​​more than 6,320 square kilometers. It has the highest water depth and second water catchment volume among the world's mountain lakes. The lake is clear and blue without freezing all year round. It is a famous "hot lake" far and near. It is known as the "Pearl of Central Asia" and is a tourist resort in Central Asia. The climate of the lake area is pleasant, and the water and mountains are beautiful. The lake mud contains a variety of trace elements, which can treat a variety of diseases.

The country is divided into seven states and two cities. The states and cities are divided into districts. There are 60 districts in the country. Seven states and two cities include: Chuhe, Taras, Osh, Jalalabad, Naryn, Issyk-Kul, Batken, the capital, Bishkek, and Osh.

Kyrgyzstan has a long history, with written records in the 3rd century BC. Its predecessor was the Kyrgyz Khanate established in the 6th century. The Kyrgyz nation was basically formed in the second half of the 15th century. In the 16th century, he moved to his current residence from the upper reaches of the Yenisei River. In the first half of the 19th century, the west belonged to the Kokand Khanate. Incorporated into Russia in 1876. In 1917, Kyrgyzstan established the Soviet power, became an autonomous prefecture in 1924, established the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936 and joined the Soviet Union, declared independence on August 31, 1991, and changed its name to the Kyrgyz Republic, and on December 21 of the same year Japan joined the CIS.

National flag: It is a horizontal rectangle, the ratio of length to width is about 5:3. The flag ground is red. A golden sun hangs in the center of the flag, and there is a circular pattern similar to the earth in the middle of the sun pattern. Red symbolizes victory, the sun symbolizes light and warmth, and the circular pattern represents national independence, unity, and national unity and friendship. Kyrgyzstan became a republic of the former Soviet Union in 1936. Since 1952, it has adopted a red flag with a five-pointed star, sickle, and hammer. There is a white horizontal strip in the middle of the flag and a blue strip on the top and bottom. In August 1991, independence was declared and the current national flag was adopted.

The population of Kyrgyzstan is 5.065 million (2004). There are more than 80 ethnic groups, including 65% of Kyrgyz, 14% of Uzbeks, 12.5% ​​of Russians, 1.1% of Dungans, 1% of Ukrainians, and the rest are Koreans, Uyghurs, and Tajiks. 70% of residents believe in Islam, most of them are Sunni, followed by Orthodox or Catholicism. The national language is Kyrgyz (the Kyrgyz-Chichak group of the East-Hungarian branch of the Turkic language family). In December 2001, President Kyrgyzstan signed a constitutional decree, granting Russian national official language status.

Kyrgyzstan is based on multiple ownership systems and its economy is dominated by agriculture and animal husbandry. The power industry and animal husbandry are relatively developed. Rich in natural resources, the main minerals include gold, coal, silver, antimony, tungsten, tin, zinc, mercury, lead, uranium, oil, natural gas, non-ferrous metals and rare metals, etc. The output of coal is second to none in Central Asian countries and is well-known As the "Central Asian Coal Scuttle", antimony production ranks third in the world, tin and mercury production ranks second in the CIS, and non-ferrous metal products are sold to more than 40 countries. The hydropower resources are rich. The hydropower generation is second only to Tajikistan among Central Asian countries, and the hydropower resources rank third in the CIS.

The main industries include mining, electricity, fuels, chemicals, non-ferrous metals, machine manufacturing, wood processing, building materials, light industry, food, etc. The development of gold production is the most effective country in promoting domestic economic development. . Gold production was only 1.5 tons in 1996, and rose to 17.3 tons in 1997, ranking third after Russia and Uzbekistan in the CIS. The food industry is dominated by meat and dairy products and flour and sugar industries. The agricultural output value accounts for more than half of the gross national product and is dominated by animal husbandry, especially sheep breeding. The melting snow in the mountains has turned half of the country's area into mountain grasslands and alpine meadows with abundant pastures, and three-quarters of the country's arable land is irrigated. The number of horses and sheep and wool production rank second in Central Asia. The main crops are wheat, sugar beet, corn, tobacco and so on. The agricultural land area is 1.077 million hectares, of which 1.008 million hectares are suitable for agriculture, and the agricultural population accounts for more than 60%. Kyrgyzstan has great potential for the development of tourism, especially mountain tourism. There are a large number of mountain scenery and hundreds of mountain lakes in the territory. The largest lake Issyk-Kul is one of the deepest lakes in the world, located at an altitude of 1608 meters. , Which means "hot lake", is never frozen. It has beautiful scenery, pleasant climate, crystal clear mineral water and lake mud that can be used for healing.

Bishkek: Kyrgyzstan’s capital, Bishkek, was founded in 1878. It is located in the Chu River Valley at the foot of the Kyrgyz Mountains. An important town and a famous city in Central Asia. Population 797,700 (January 2003). The Chu River Valley is part of the Tianshan Ancient Road. It is a shortcut connecting the grasslands of Central Asia and the deserts of Northwest China. It is also the most precarious section of the ancient mountain road. It was this road taken by Xuanzang in the Tang Dynasty to learn from the west. It is called the "Ancient Silk Road". ". At that time, this city was an important town on this road and was once a fortress of the ancient Kokand Khanate. Bishkek was called Pishbek before 1926, and was renamed Frunze after 1926 to commemorate the famous former Soviet military general Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze (1885-1925). He is the pride of Kyrgyz. To this day, in front of the Bishkek railway station, there is still a majestic bronze statue of Frunze riding a tall warrior and full body uniform, which is awe-inspiring. On February 7, 1991, the Kyrgyz Parliament passed a resolution to rename Frunze to Bishkek.

Today, Bishkek is already one of the famous cities in Central Asia. The streets of the city are neat and wide, and the beautiful Alalque River and Alamiqin River flow through the city. Here you can overlook the majestic and beautiful Tianshan Mountains with snow all year round against the blue sky, and you can also see villas with different architectural styles hidden in the trees. There is no hustle and bustle of a big city here, it looks elegant and quiet. The traffic on the streets of Bishkek is automatically directed by signal lights, and there is basically no traffic police, and the traffic is in order. The bus shelters along the street are beautiful in appearance, and city statues can be seen everywhere, which is pleasing to the eye.

Bishkek is also an industrial city with existing machinery manufacturing, metal processing, food and light industry industries. In addition, Bishkek has a well-developed science and education career, and there are academies of sciences and colleges and universities in the city.